Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery最新文献

{"title":"Feline Comorbidities: A nutritional approach to management.","authors":"Cecilia Villaverde, Marta Hervera","doi":"10.1177/1098612X251320877","DOIUrl":"10.1177/1098612X251320877","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Practical relevance: </strong>Specific nutritional management strategies play an important role in several feline diseases. Comorbidities sensitive to nutritional management should be taken into account when formulating a feeding plan for cats; this should include diet choice, daily allowance and feeding method. Cats with multiple disease conditions, especially those in the senior age range, make up a significant proportion of patients seen in clinical practice; nutritional management strategies are therefore an important consideration for practitioners.</p><p><strong>Clinical challenges: </strong>Nutritional strategies indicated for each condition in a cat with comorbidities might not be compatible. Even when they are compatible, commercial diets may not always be available for the specific combination of diseases. Choosing the best diet for each patient requires careful nutritional assessment and knowledge of the nutritional profile of the dietary options available.</p><p><strong>Evidence base: </strong>The evidence for the nutritional management of several feline conditions is variable and is focused on cats with one disease. The recommendations provided in this paper are drawn from the existing literature as well as the clinical experience of the authors.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>The aim of this review is to protocolise the nutritional approach to comorbidities and discuss important aspects to consider when making dietary choices for patients with comorbities, including nutritional assessment, identifying nutritional strategies for each condition, the assessment of the compatibility of nutritional goals, disease prioritisation and decision-making. Audience: This paper sets out a practical, step-by-step approach for general and feline veterinary healthcare team members to customise for the nutritional management of feline patients with comorbidities.</p>","PeriodicalId":15851,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery","volume":"27 3","pages":"1098612X251320877"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11874005/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143531112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationships between arterial and central venous blood acid-base variables in anaesthetised cats during euvolaemic and hypovolaemic states.","authors":"Marinell Breytenbach, Anthea Michaletos, Gareth E Zeiler","doi":"10.1177/1098612X241309829","DOIUrl":"10.1177/1098612X241309829","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to determine differences, agreements and correlations of acid-base variables between arterial and venous blood gas in anaesthetised cats in a euvolaemic or hypovolaemic state.MethodsA group of six cats was used in a prospective randomised crossover haemorrhage-resuscitation study. Anaesthetised cats underwent three treatments at intervals of 2 months. Each treatment had a controlled haemorrhage phase and a resuscitation phase. The haemorrhage phase is the focus of this study. Arterial (carotid artery) and central venous blood were drawn simultaneously from preplaced catheters before haemorrhage (euvolaemic state; mean ± SD blood loss 1.3 ± 0.3 ml/kg for pre-haemorrhage data collection) and soon after controlled haemorrhage (hypovolaemic state; mean ± SD blood loss 15.8 ± 9.9 ml/kg). Acid-base variables from arterial and venous blood were compared under euvolaemic and hypovolaemic states as follows: (1) a paired <i>t</i>-test to determine the differences between the two samples; (2) a Bland-Altman plot to evaluate agreement and establish maximum clinically acceptable differences (defined a priori); and (3) Pearson's correlation with least squares linear regression to determine the strength of correlation between the variables.ResultsThe differences in pH and partial pressure of carbon dioxide were statistically significant under euvolaemic and hypovolaemic states but would not alter clinical decision-making. Agreements were clinically acceptable for all acid-base variables, except for the bias observed in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide under a hypovolaemic state. Correlations for all variables were strong under a euvolaemic state but weakened under a hypovolaemic state.Conclusions and relevanceUsing central venous blood sampling for acid-base analysis was clinically acceptable compared with arterial blood in our haemorrhage-resuscitation cat model during early compensated hypovolaemia. However, the partial pressure of carbon dioxide should be interpreted with caution, especially during hypovolaemia. Further investigation is necessary to determine whether these findings can be translated to critically ill cats.</p>","PeriodicalId":15851,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery","volume":"27 3","pages":"1098612X241309829"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11938473/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143676585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Healing of mandibular body fractures with wire-reinforced interdental bis-acryl composite splints.","authors":"Ana C Castejón González, Lisa A Mestrinho, Alexander M Reiter","doi":"10.1177/1098612X251314346","DOIUrl":"10.1177/1098612X251314346","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ObjectivesThe aim of the present study was to report the outcome of fractures of the body of the mandible stabilized with wire-reinforced interdental bis-acryl composite splints (WRICS) in cats.MethodsThe medical records of two referral institutions were reviewed. Only cats with mandibular body fractures at or distal to the mandibular canine tooth and treated with WRICS were included. Type of fracture, type and extension of the splint, healing time, dental injuries and treatment complications were retrieved from the medical records.ResultsA total of 13 mandibular fractures were encountered in 12 cats in a 21-year period. The most frequent location of fractures was between the canine tooth and the third premolar tooth. Multiple WRICS configurations were used. The mean ± SD healing time was 49.8 ± 18.9 days. No healing complications were observed in cases with or without dental treatment. Periodontal disease and inflammatory tooth resorption were considered complications secondary to the WRICS.Conclusions and relevanceWRICS are a suitable technique to repair mandibular fractures in tooth-bearing areas in cats with minimal complications. Additional dental and periodontal care is warranted secondary to the initial trauma or sequela of the WRICS.</p>","PeriodicalId":15851,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery","volume":"27 3","pages":"1098612X251314346"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11951430/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143719730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"2025 iCatCare consensus guidelines on the diagnosis and management of lower urinary tract diseases in cats.","authors":"Samantha Taylor, Søren Boysen, Tony Buffington, Serge Chalhoub, Pieter Defauw, Mikel M Delgado, Danièlle Gunn-Moore, Rachel Korman","doi":"10.1177/1098612X241309176","DOIUrl":"10.1177/1098612X241309176","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Practical relevance: </strong>Lower urinary tract signs (LUTS) such as dysuria, haematuria, periuria, pollakiuria and stranguria can occur as the result of a variety of underlying conditions and diagnostic investigation is required to uncover the underlying cause and select appropriate treatment.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The '2025 iCatCare consensus guidelines on the diagnosis and management of lower urinary tract diseases in cats' provide an overview of the common presenting signs caused by underlying feline lower urinary tract (LUT) diseases in cats, which often are indistinguishable between different underlying causes. The Guidelines set out a diagnostic approach to affected cats before focusing on the most common causes of LUTS: feline idiopathic cystitis (FIC), urolithiasis, urinary tract infection and urethral obstruction. The aim is to provide practitioners with practical information on these problematic conditions.</p><p><strong>Clinical challenges: </strong>The fact that LUTS are similar despite different underlying causes creates a diagnostic challenge. The most common cause of LUTS, FIC, is challenging to manage due to a complex pathogenesis involving organs outside the LUT. Urethral obstruction is a life-threatening complication of various underlying LUT diseases and recurrent LUTS can lead to relinquishment or euthanasia of affected cats.</p><p><strong>Evidence base: </strong>These Guidelines have been created by a panel of experts brought together by International Cat Care (iCatCare) Veterinary Society (formerly the International Society of Feline Medicine [ISFM]). Information is based on the available literature, expert opinion and the panel members' experience.</p>","PeriodicalId":15851,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery","volume":"27 2","pages":"1098612X241309176"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11816079/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143399289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of intranasal maropitant on clinical signs of naturally acquired upper respiratory disease in shelter cats.","authors":"John Parncutt, Lynelle R Johnson, Supatsak Subharat, Bronwyn Oke, Kate E Hill","doi":"10.1177/1098612X241309826","DOIUrl":"10.1177/1098612X241309826","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that intranasally administered maropitant citrate would reduce the severity of clinical signs of feline upper respiratory disease (FURD) in shelter cats with naturally acquired disease.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Shelter cats with clinical signs of FURD were randomly assigned to receive either intranasal maropitant diluted in saline (maropitant citrate 10 mg/ml q12h, diluted 1:10 with sterile 0.9% saline) or intranasal 0.9% saline q12h for 7 days. Clinical disease severity was measured at entry into the study and again after completion of 7 days of treatment using a visual analogue scale to assess four separate clinical signs: conjunctivitis, blepharospasm, ocular discharge and nasal discharge. Total disease severity was also calculated. Cats received other medications for FURD as per standard shelter protocols, and all investigators were masked to group assignments. A Mann-Whitney U-test was performed to compare the clinical improvement score (CIS) between the treatment and control groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 34 cats in the maropitant treatment group; 27 cats served as placebo controls. Groups did not differ in age, sex distribution, nature of disease, administration of other medications for FURD or baseline clinical disease severity. There was no significant difference in CIS between the maropitant treatment and control groups for conjunctivitis, blepharospasm, ocular discharge, nasal discharge or total disease severity after 7 days.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>This study found no significant difference in outcomes for cats with FURD when treated with intranasal maropitant compared with treatment with intranasal saline. Further investigations would be required before intranasal maropitant could be recommended as the standard of care for FURD.</p>","PeriodicalId":15851,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery","volume":"27 2","pages":"1098612X241309826"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11863213/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143501965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of maternal mortality and stillbirth in feline dystocia after emergency obstetric care interventions: a retrospective analysis.","authors":"Sait Sendag, Doreen Hardegen, Davut Koca, Axel Wehrend","doi":"10.1177/1098612X241297898","DOIUrl":"10.1177/1098612X241297898","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and success of emergency obstetric care interventions for feline dystocia and to analyse the effects of therapeutic interventions on maternal mortality and stillbirth.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective, observational study included 153 queens of various breeds and ages that presented to the clinic with dystocia. Anamnesis, signalment, physical examination, ultrasonography, radiography and subsequent intervention data were also collected. Differences in stillbirth rates between the treatment groups were evaluated using the χ² test. The mean litter size, mean duration of labour and number of stillbirths were calculated in each case. In addition, to obtain information on further breeding of dystocia patients, 51 queen owners were contacted by telephone.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Medical treatment was successful in 17% of patients, and 83% underwent surgical treatment for dystocia. Ovariohysterectomy (59%) was the most common surgical method, followed by conservative caesarean section (35%). En bloc resection was performed in 6% of patients. A total of four (2.4%) queens died. Of 542 kittens from 153 deliveries, 210 (39%) were stillborn. Singleton pregnancies were associated with a high risk of difficult labour. Similarly, prolonged duration of labour increased the stillbirth rate. The fertility status of queens after caesarean section was assessed by interviewing 51 owners, 27 (53%) of whom provided information. Of these, 12 were mated again and nine successfully (they became pregnant with successful natural births in five).</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>Similar to previous studies, our data showed that medical management led to success in only a minority of cases. In addition, mortality data for emergency births under modern standardised treatment conditions were provided. Singleton pregnancy is a suspected risk factor for dystocia. Pregnancy after caesarean section is possible with natural unassisted birth.</p>","PeriodicalId":15851,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery","volume":"27 2","pages":"1098612X241297898"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11829284/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143425545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thoracic radiographic findings in cats with feline infectious peritonitis.","authors":"Kristin Repyak, Genna Atiee, Audrey Cook, Laura Bryan, Christine Gremillion","doi":"10.1177/1098612X241309823","DOIUrl":"10.1177/1098612X241309823","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The objective of this study was to describe thoracic radiographic findings and associated histopathological changes (where available) in cats with feline infectious peritonitis (FIP).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a retrospective descriptive study. Cats were included if they had a definitive diagnosis of FIP (based on histopathology and immunohistochemistry) or a presumptive diagnosis of FIP (based on case review by two veterinary internists), and contemporaneous orthogonal thoracic radiographs. Radiographs were reviewed retrospectively by a veterinary radiologist and veterinary radiology resident and assessed for the following: presence of pleural space disease; unstructured interstitial, bronchial, alveolar and/or nodular pulmonary patterns; lymphadenopathy; and cardiovascular abnormalities. Archived histopathologic specimens were reviewed by a veterinary pathologist.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 35 cats were included: 18 with definitive FIP and 17 with presumptive FIP. Radiographs were abnormal in 32/35 cats and normal in 3/35 cats. Pleural effusion was present in 13/35 cats and was either bilateral (11/13) or unilateral (2/13) in distribution. The lungs were radiographically abnormal in 25/35 cats, with the most common abnormality being an unstructured interstitial pattern (21/25), with bronchial (11/25) and alveolar (10/25) patterns less common. Pulmonary nodules were identified in 3/25 cats. Mixed pulmonary patterns were frequent (18/25). Sternal lymphadenopathy was present in 16/35 cats. An enlarged cardiac silhouette was noted in 6/35 cats, attributable to myocarditis (3/6), pericardial effusion (1/6), a high output state (1/6) or unrelated cardiomyopathy (1/6). Common histopathologic lesions included pulmonary edema (16/17), fibrinosuppurative pleuritis (13/17) and histiocytic vasculitis causing pneumonia (10/17); myocarditis (5/14); and lymphadenitis (2/2). Histologic lung changes were more common in patients with moderate to severe radiographic pulmonary changes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>Thoracic radiographic findings in cats with FIP may include variably distributed pleural effusion; interstitial, bronchial, and/or alveolar patterns; pulmonary nodules; lymphadenopathy; and cardiomegaly. FIP should be considered in cats with these radiographic changes and supportive clinical findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":15851,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery","volume":"27 2","pages":"1098612X241309823"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11811981/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143391063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Penetrating airgun spinal cord injury in 23 cats (1998-2022).","authors":"Eirini Sarpekidou, Panagiota Svania, Michail Patsikas, Zoe Polizopoulou, George Kazakos","doi":"10.1177/1098612X241299274","DOIUrl":"10.1177/1098612X241299274","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of this study was to evaluate and describe airgun spinal cord injuries (SCIs) in cats.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Records of cats presented at the Companion Animal Clinic of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki with neurological deficits associated with a 4.5 mm airgun projectile (AGP) SCI were included. Only cats with lodged projectiles in the spinal canal were included in the present study. Cats were categorised into groups according to the neurological grade, management, season of presentation and projectile location.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 23 cats were included in this retrospective study. There were one cervical (C), 17 thoracolumbar (T) and five lumbosacral (L) airgun SCIs. The presence of the projectile in the spinal canal was confirmed by radiographic imaging. Of the cases, 44% were presented in autumn, which was the most frequently presenting season. Surgical management was elected in 20/23 (87%) of the cats, 1/23 (4.3%) were managed conservatively and 2/23 (8.7%) were euthanased owing to poor prognosis without treatment. The neurological grades were V and III in 83% and 4% of the cats, respectively. The remaining cats (13%) had asymmetrical neurological deficits. Conscious movement was regained in 30% of surgically treated cats; spinal walking in 20% and 50% were unimproved. Micturition restoration was not observed in most of the cases.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>Airgun spinal injuries result in severe mobility and micturition disorders in cats. As a result of the small sample size, it is uncertain whether the outcome may be influenced by surgical or conservative management.</p>","PeriodicalId":15851,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery","volume":"27 2","pages":"1098612X241299274"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11829297/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143425546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and factors associated with overweight and obesity in cats in veterinary hospitals in France during the COVID-19 pandemic.","authors":"Tiphaine Blanchard, Sara Hoummady, Pétra Rouch-Buck, Nathalie Priymenko","doi":"10.1177/1098612X241305924","DOIUrl":"10.1177/1098612X241305924","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The present study aimed to determine the evolution of the percentage of overweight and obese cats during the COVID-19 pandemic in France, and to identify factors associated with excess weight to inform the development of targeted prevention strategies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cat owners visiting the veterinary hospitals of Maisons-Alfort and Toulouse between 2020 and 2022 for their pets' vaccinations were invited to answer a comprehensive questionnaire to gather general information about themselves and their cat, including details of its lifestyle, activity and diet. Only healthy adult cats were included in the study. During the vaccination consultation, veterinarians recorded the body condition score, muscle condition score and weight of each cat. This study followed a protocol adapted from a French study conducted in 2006 to allow analysis of any changes over time.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 274 cats included in the study, 9.1% were underweight, 43.4% had an ideal body condition and 47.5% were overweight. Factors positively linked to overweight included age, being crossbred, being a male and having an owner who underestimated the cat's body condition. Living with a child and having a high activity score as rated by the owner were associated with ideal body condition. The prevalence of cats with a sedentary lifestyle and the number of overweight cats had both increased since the previous study in 2006. Additionally, changes in cats' diets and lifestyles over time, including those influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic, have led to an increase in exclusive dry food consumption compared with the 2006 study.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>Important changes in cats' diet and lifestyle occurred between 2006 and 2020-2022. This study emphasises the need for further investigation into the duration of the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on feline wellbeing. Educating owners on their cat's body condition and encouraging cats to be active can be effective strategies for maintaining feline health in response to ongoing global changes.</p>","PeriodicalId":15851,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery","volume":"27 2","pages":"1098612X241305924"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11806479/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143365064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CT features of confirmed nasopharyngeal stenosis in 12 cats.","authors":"Kevin Kang, Robert Brash","doi":"10.1177/1098612X241305932","DOIUrl":"10.1177/1098612X241305932","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>CT is frequently utilised in the assessment of upper respiratory tract disorders. The aim of the present study was to further describe the CT features in cats with confirmed nasopharyngeal stenosis (NPS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>CT images of the heads of cats with NPS confirmed via retroflex nasopharyngoscopy between 2011 and 2023 were retrospectively reviewed to describe the imaging features of NPS and other concurrent findings.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 12 cats were included. All but one cat had pre- and post-contrast images available. All CT studies demonstrated focal, abrupt narrowing of the nasopharyngeal lumen by a variably thickened, homogeneous, soft tissue attenuating band. One cat appeared to have two separate NPS, giving a total of 13 NPS. All NPS were located in the caudal third of the nasopharynx, which resulted in a marked reduction in the luminal cross-sectional area. The narrowing of the nasopharyngeal lumen was either concentric (11/13) or lateral-to-lateral (2/13). Mild homogeneous contrast enhancement of the soft tissue band was observed in 8/11 cats (73%). The soft palate was focally dorsally deviated at the NPS site in 8/12 cats (67%) and was best seen in the sagittal plane. Other concurrent findings included non-contrast-enhancing soft tissue attenuating material within the nasal cavity (7/12) and tympanic bullae (4/12), and mild medial retropharyngeal lymphadenomegaly (2/12).</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>The most frequently observed CT features in cats with NPS are marked, focal, abrupt narrowing of the nasopharyngeal lumen by a mildly contrast-enhancing soft tissue band in the caudal third of the nasopharynx and focal deviation of the soft palate dorsally at the NPS site. Identifying any of these CT features in the presence of compatible clinical signs should prompt further evaluation with retroflex nasopharyngoscopy to confirm the diagnosis of NPS and to direct appropriate treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":15851,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery","volume":"27 2","pages":"1098612X241305932"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11822841/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143408570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}