Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery最新文献

{"title":"Comparison of Thames Medical CAT+ Doppler and SunTech Vet 20 oscillometric devices for non-invasive blood pressure measurement in conscious cats.","authors":"Clara Casas, Charlotte Dye","doi":"10.1177/1098612X231216350","DOIUrl":"10.1177/1098612X231216350","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>A comparative assessment of systolic blood pressure (BP) measurement agreement and precision in two commonly used non-invasive BP devices was carried out in conscious cats.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Systolic BP measurements were obtained from 50 conscious cats as part of their clinical investigations. All measurements were taken by the same operator and were performed according to the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine (ACVIM) consensus guidelines. The same cuff location and cuff size were used for paired measurements. The order of device use was randomised, and an arousal score was assigned during each procedure. Precision was assessed using standard deviation and coefficient of variance comparisons. Agreement was assessed using graphical and statistical comparisons of derived 'delta mean' and 'mean of means' data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 50 cats aged between 3 months and 15 years were enrolled (29 domestic shorthair, seven domestic longhair, three British Shorthair, two Ragdoll, two Sphynx, two Persian, one Siamese, one Burmese, one Russian Blue, one Maine Coon and one Oriental) with a body weight in the range of 1.2-6.2 kg. BP measurements were in the range of 95-179 mmHg. Oscillometric measurements were associated with lower arousal scores. The Doppler device demonstrated superior repeatability precision. Body weight, sex, cuff size, cuff location, arousal score and the order in which the devices were used had no significant effect on precision or agreement. Correlation between the two devices was 0.0837 and agreement was considered clinically acceptable (<10 mmHg) in 32/50 (64%) cats. Of the 18 cats with suboptimal agreement, the oscillometric mean BP was higher in 14 (78%) cats.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>Based on this study sample, suboptimal agreement between paired CAT+ Doppler and SunTech Vet20 oscillometric BP measurements in 36% of conscious cats suggests that these devices should not be used interchangeably. Compared with Doppler, oscillometric measurements were consistently higher, particularly at higher blood pressures. Further studies are required to assess which device has superior accuracy in conscious cats.</p>","PeriodicalId":15851,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery","volume":"26 2","pages":"1098612X231216350"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10911307/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139912690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"2024 AAFP responsible breeding in feline medicine position statement.","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/1098612X241227826","DOIUrl":"10.1177/1098612X241227826","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15851,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery","volume":"26 2","pages":"1098612X241227826"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10911311/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139931510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical examination and CT to assess thoracic injury in 137 cats presented to UK referral hospitals after trauma.","authors":"Nicola Mansbridge, Giorgio Kallis, Jinjing He, Isabelle Pearce, Joy Fenner","doi":"10.1177/1098612X241228050","DOIUrl":"10.1177/1098612X241228050","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of the study was to describe clinical examination and thoracic CT (TCT) findings in cats after trauma, and to identify physical examination findings associated with both abnormalities on TCT and the need for therapeutic interventions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A multicentre, retrospective, observational study was conducted. Cats admitted to the participating hospitals with a history of blunt trauma and that underwent TCT were eligible. Data were collected on signalment, history, physical examination, TCT findings and subsequent interventions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 137 cats were included. Road traffic accidents (RTAs) were the most frequently reported cause of trauma (69%). Tachypnoea (32%), pale mucous membranes (22%) and dyspnoea (20%) were the most common abnormal findings on thoracic examination. The most frequently identified thoracic pathologies on TCT were atelectasis (34%), pulmonary contusions (33%), pneumothorax (29%) and pleural effusion (20%). Thoracocentesis was the most commonly performed intervention (12%), followed by chest drain placement (7%). A total of 45 (33%) cats had no physical examination abnormalities but did have abnormalities detected on TCT; six of these cats required interventions. Increasing numbers of thoracic abnormalities on clinical examination were associated with increasing likelihood of having abnormal findings on TCT (odds ratio [OR] 2.04, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.21-3.44, <i>P</i> = 0.008) and of requiring an intervention (OR 1.82, 95% CI 1.32-2.51, <i>P</i> <0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>RTAs were the most common reported cause of blunt trauma. Atelectasis, pulmonary contusions and pneumothorax were the most common abnormalities identified on TCT, and thoracic drainage was the most utilised intervention. TCT may be useful in identifying cats with normal thoracic physical examination findings that have significant thoracic pathology, and a high number of abnormal findings on thoracic examination should raise suspicion for both minor and major thoracic pathology. The results of this study can be used to assist in selecting appropriate cases for TCT after blunt trauma.</p>","PeriodicalId":15851,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery","volume":"26 2","pages":"1098612X241228050"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10911304/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139983091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How and why pet cats are fed the way they are: a self-reported owner survey.","authors":"Conor O'Halloran, Petra Cerna, Rachel Barnicoat, Sarah Ma Caney, Danièlle A Gunn-Moore","doi":"10.1177/1098612X231209894","DOIUrl":"10.1177/1098612X231209894","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study used an owner-directed online questionnaire to collect data regarding their food and water provision for their pet cats. The survey was conducted in 2019.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The anonymous online 30-question survey was available via vetprofessionals.com.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1172 cat owners fully completed the questionnaire. The respondents each owned a median of two cats (range 1-6). They reported being most strongly motivated to feed a particular ration because of palatability, observed and/or expected health benefits, or that the diet was/is perceived as 'natural'. The majority of owners (n = 946, 80.7%) fed their cats exclusively a commercially purchased complete wet food, dry kibble diet or mixture of both. Compared with a previous (unpublished) survey conducted by the same authors in 2013,1 there were substantial increases in the number of owners feeding therapeutic diets (26.6% vs 0.7%) and the inclusion of raw meat in cats' rations (15.6% vs 3.7%). The proportion of respondents providing at least one feeding station per cat was 83.1%, with significant use of enrichment feeding methods (29.1%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>Veterinarians need to be aware of changing trends in cat feeding to provide owners with appropriate support. Veterinary advice was frequently sought by owners and can be used as an opportunity to improve cat health and welfare, particularly in multi-cat households, but was not often influential to client decision making.</p>","PeriodicalId":15851,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery","volume":"26 2","pages":"1098612X231209894"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10911312/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139912692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feline Comorbidities: Hypersomatotropism-induced diabetes in cats.","authors":"Christopher Scudder, David Church","doi":"10.1177/1098612X241226690","DOIUrl":"10.1177/1098612X241226690","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Practical relevance: </strong>Diabetes mellitus is the second-most common feline endocrinopathy, affecting an estimated 1/200 cats. While the underlying causes vary, around 15-25% of cats with diabetes mellitus develop the condition secondarily to progressive growth hormone (GH)-induced insulin resistance. This typically results in a form of diabetes that is challenging to manage, whereby the response to insulin is very variable or high doses are required to achieve even minimal diabetic control.</p><p><strong>Clinical challenges: </strong>Although uncontrolled chronic excessive GH may result in phenotypic changes that raise suspicion for acromegaly, many cats with hypersomatotropism (HST) do not have these changes. In these situations, a clinician's index of suspicion may be increased by the presence of less dramatic changes such as marked polyphagia, stertor or uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. The current diagnostic test of choice is demonstration of a markedly increased serum insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) concentration, but some affected cats will have only a marginal increase; additionally, chronic insulin administration in cats results in an increase in serum IGF1, making the diagnosis less clear cut and requiring additional confirmatory tests.</p><p><strong>Evidence base: </strong>Over the past two decades, HST has increasingly been recognised as an underlying cause of diabetes mellitus in cats. This review, which focuses on diagnosis and treatment, utilises data from observational studies, clinical trials and case series, as well as drawing on the experience of the authors in managing this condition.</p>","PeriodicalId":15851,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery","volume":"26 2","pages":"1098612X241226690"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10911310/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139697636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation between aggression at the veterinary clinic and problem behaviors at home for cats in the USA.","authors":"Alison Gerken, Kyuyoung Lee, Melissa Bain, Sun-A Kim","doi":"10.1177/1098612X231214907","DOIUrl":"10.1177/1098612X231214907","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of the study was to determine whether cats that exhibit aggression during veterinary visits are more likely to have behavior problems at home.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An online, anonymous, cross-sectional survey was developed and distributed to residents in the USA who were aged over 18 years and who were the primary owners of at least one cat. The survey collected information about cat and household factors, and utilized a validated questionnaire instrument for obtaining behavioral information of pet cats.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Aggression at the veterinary clinic was reported in 42.6% of the cats. The frequency of aggression exhibited at the veterinary clinic was lower in cats that lived in multi-cat households. Most cats did not receive medications intended to reduce fear, anxiety and/or pain before veterinary visits. Aggression at the veterinary clinic was positively associated with behavior problems at home, including stranger-directed aggression, owner-directed aggression, resistance to restraint, familiar cat aggression, dog-directed aggression, house-soiling, separation-related behaviors and scratching claws on inappropriate surfaces indoors.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>Cats that exhibit aggression at the veterinary clinic are more likely to exhibit aggression and anxiety-related behaviors at home. Veterinarians should screen cats that exhibit aggression at the veterinary clinic for behavior problems at home to institute prompt diagnosis and treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":15851,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery","volume":"26 2","pages":"1098612X231214907"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10911309/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139983088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feline radial and ulnar diaphyseal fractures: a retrospective study of 49 cases comparing single bone fixation and dual bone fixation.","authors":"Jason G Makar, Jane Yk Lai, James O Simcock, Richard M Jerram, Alen Lai, Andrew S Levien, QiCai J Hoon, Evelyn Js Hall, Rachel M Basa","doi":"10.1177/1098612X231214930","DOIUrl":"10.1177/1098612X231214930","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The objectives of this study were to report the complications in radial and ulnar diaphyseal fractures in cats and to compare the differences in outcome between single and dual bone internal fixation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Medical records between 2004 and 2022 were searched retrospectively for cats with antebrachial diaphyseal fractures treated with internal bone-plate fixation. In total, 49 cases were included from six referral hospitals, including one teaching hospital. Patient information was collated, including fracture configuration, location, repair method and clinical outcome as assessed by veterinary physical examination, radiography and owner questionnaire.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 47 cats (mean age 4.2 years) were included. Fractures were located distally (24/49, 49%), proximally (13/49, 26.5%) and mid-diaphyseally (12/49, 24.5%). Dual bone fixation was used in 13/49 (26.5%) cases, with only 1/13 (7.7%) having major complications. By comparison, 4/36 (11.1%) of single plated fractures had major complications. Single bone fixation was 14.25 times more likely (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.07-97.99) to have a successful outcome (veterinarian-assigned score of 0) compared with dual bone fixation (<i>P</i> = 0.007). When evaluating owner-assessed outcomes, single bone fixation was 9.4 times more likely (95% CI 1.4-61.96) to have a successful outcome (owner score of 0) compared with dual bone fixation (<i>P</i> = 0.019).</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>Fractures that were repaired with single bone fixation had a greater chance of a better outcome. Although the difference was not significant, there was a higher major complication rate and a lower minor complication rate for cases treated with single bone fixation compared with dual bone fixation. The majority of fractures were located in the distal diaphysis. Comminution of the fracture and concurrent orthopaedic issues did not significantly affect the outcome. Further prospective studies with standardised follow-up, radiographic assessment, surgeon and implants are required to truly assess the difference between dual and single bone fixation.</p>","PeriodicalId":15851,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery","volume":"26 2","pages":"1098612X231214930"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10911300/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139735409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feline ventral abdominal wall angiosarcoma: haemangiosarcoma or lymphangiosarcoma? Clinical and pathological characteristics in nine cases.","authors":"Edward Bellamy, Hanne Larsen Moberg, Alejandro Suárez-Bonnet, Stefano Di Palma, Daniela Murgia, Rachel Pittaway, Sara Verganti","doi":"10.1177/1098612X231216636","DOIUrl":"10.1177/1098612X231216636","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Angiosarcomas are rare malignant mesenchymal neoplasms of endothelial cell origin with a predilection to the ventral abdominal wall in cats. Larger case series describing this entity are lacking.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Two referral centre laboratory databases were searched for angiosarcoma of the ventral abdominal wall. Nine cases with a histological diagnosis were included. Immunohistochemistry (factor VIII and PROX-1 antibodies) was used to phenotype them as haemangiosarcoma or lymphangiosarcoma.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All cats presented with a ventral abdominal mass, five of which were producing a serosanguinous discharge. Eight underwent tumour staging and pulmonary metastases were suspected in one cat (but not histologically confirmed). With histopathology alone, a diagnosis of angiosarcoma and lymphangiosarcoma was made in four and five cases, respectively. After immunohistochemistry, five cases had a haemangiosarcoma phenotype and four had a lymphangiosarcoma phenotype, including two cases of lymphangiosarcoma that were reclassified as hemangiosarcoma. Eight cats received treatment (either surgery with or without adjuvant therapies or medical management alone). Six cats were euthanased due to local disease progression. The median survival time for haemangiosarcoma was 166 days (range 137-381), and for lymphangiosarcoma it was 197 days (range 67-208). Two cats with haemangiosarcoma remained alive for a follow-up period of 329 and 580 days, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>Feline ventral abdominal angiosarcomas are rare locally aggressive neoplasms. While histology often provides a diagnosis of angiosarcoma, immunohistochemistry is ultimately required to differentiate between haemangiosarcoma and lymphangiosarcoma phenotypes. Further studies are required to evaluate whether the different phenotypes have an impact on treatment response and outcome.</p>","PeriodicalId":15851,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery","volume":"26 1","pages":"1098612X231216636"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10949878/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139472101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Invasive Fungal Infections and Oomycoses in Cats: 1. Diagnostic approach.","authors":"Vanessa R Barrs, Pawet M Beczkowski, Jessica J Talbot, Stefan Hobi, Shu Ning Teoh, Daniela Hernandez Muguiro, Lisa F Shubitz, Jeanine Sandy","doi":"10.1177/1098612X231219696","DOIUrl":"10.1177/1098612X231219696","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>In contrast to superficial fungal infections, such as dermatophytosis, invasive fungal infections (IFIs) are characterised by penetration of tissues by fungal elements. Disease can spread locally within a region or can disseminate haematogenously or via the lymphatics. The environment is the most common reservoir of infection. Since fungal spores are airborne, indoor cats are also susceptible to IFIs. Some environmental fungi are ubiquitous and present globally, while others are endemic or hyperendemic within specific geographic regions. Zoonotic pathogens include <i>Microsporum canis, Sporothrix schenckii</i> and <i>Sporothrix brasiliensis.</i></p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>In the first of a two-part article series, the approach to the investigation of feline IFIs and oomycoses is reviewed. As well as tips for diagnosis, and information on the ecological niche and distribution of fungal pathogens, the review covers clinical presentation of the most common IFIs, including cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis, blastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis, sporotrichosis, phaeohyphomycosis, aspergillosis and dermatophytic pseudomycetoma, as well as the oomycoses pythiosis, lagenidiosis and paralagenidiosis. In Part 2, the spectrum of activity, mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties and adverse effects of antifungal drugs are reviewed, and the treatment and prognosis for specific IFIs and oomycoses are discussed.</p><p><strong>Evidence base: </strong>The review draws on published evidence and the authors' combined expertise in feline medicine, mycology, dermatology, clinical pathology and anatomical pathology.</p>","PeriodicalId":15851,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery","volume":"26 1","pages":"1098612X231219696"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10949879/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139377789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Invasive fungal infections and oomycoses in cats 2. Antifungal therapy.","authors":"Vanessa R Barrs, Stefan Hobi, Angeline Wong, Jeanine Sandy, Lisa F Shubitz, Paweł M Bęczkowski","doi":"10.1177/1098612X231220047","DOIUrl":"10.1177/1098612X231220047","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Invasive fungal infections (IFIs) and oomycoses (hereafter termed invasive fungal-like infections [IFLIs]) are characterised by penetration of tissues by fungal elements. The environment is the most common reservoir of infection. IFIs and IFLIs can be frustrating to treat because long treatment times are usually required and, even after attaining clinical cure, there may be a risk of relapse. Owner compliance with medication administration and recheck examinations can also decline over time. In addition, some antifungal drugs are expensive, have variable interpatient pharmacokinetic properties, can only be administered parenterally and/or have common adverse effects (AEs). Despite these limitations, treatment can be very rewarding, especially when an otherwise progressive and fatal disease is cured.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>In the second of a two-part article series, the spectrum of activity, mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties, and AEs of antifungal drugs are reviewed, and the treatment and prognosis of specific IFIs/IFLIs - dermatophytic pseudomycetoma, cryptococcosis, sino-orbital aspergillosis, coccidioidomycosis, histoplasmosis, sporotrichosis, phaeohyphomycosis, mucormycosis and oomycosis - are discussed. Part 1 reviewed the diagnostic approach to IFIs and IFLIs.</p><p><strong>Evidence base: </strong>Information on antifungal drugs is drawn from pharmacokinetic studies in cats. Where such studies have not been performed, data from 'preclinical' animals (non-human studies) and human studies are reviewed. The review also draws on the wider published evidence and the authors' combined expertise in feline medicine, mycology, dermatology, clinical pathology and anatomical pathology.</p><p><strong>Abbreviations for antifungal drugs: </strong>AMB (amphotericin B); FC (flucytosine); FCZ (fluconazole); ISA (isavuconazole); ITZ (itraconazole); KCZ (ketoconazole); PCZ (posaconazole); TRB (terbinafine); VCZ (voriconazole).</p>","PeriodicalId":15851,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery","volume":"26 1","pages":"1098612X231220047"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10949877/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139377788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}