Journal of Food Biochemistry最新文献

{"title":"Cow’s Milk Protein May Induce Allergy and Inflammation in Intestinal Epithelial Cells Through Regulating HOTAIR Expression and NF-κB Signaling Pathway","authors":"Kangwei Mao,&nbsp;Jiangyan Liu,&nbsp;Dalei Li,&nbsp;Siyu Gu,&nbsp;Chenxi Zhang,&nbsp;Mengmeng Li,&nbsp;Jun Sun,&nbsp;Juan Wang","doi":"10.1155/jfbc/8448913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/jfbc/8448913","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p><b>Background:</b> Cow’s milk protein allergy (CMPA) is associated with activation of proinflammatory signaling pathways and overexpression of inflammatory mediators. Long noncoding RNA (LncRNA) HOX transcript antisense intergenic RNA (HOTAIR) is a LncRNA, which is involved in the occurrence and development of many biological processes and diseases. HOTAIR can prevent necrotizing enterocolitis. This study aims to explore the effect of milk protein on NCM-460 cells and its mechanism of action with HOTAIR.</p>\u0000 <p><b>Methods:</b> NCM-460 cells were induced by cow’s milk protein to establish in vitro cell models. CCK-8 and EdU staining were used for evaluating the effects of cow’s milk protein on the viability and proliferation. ELISA was used for comparing the levels of inflammatory cytokines. TUNEL staining was conducted for evaluating the apoptosis. Expression levels of HOTAIR were detected by RT-qPCR. The expression of NF-κB signaling pathway–related molecules in cells was explored to evaluate the mechanism of HOTAIR in improving ALI.</p>\u0000 <p><b>Results:</b> Cow’s milk protein decreased the viability NCM-460 cells and also decreased the expression of HOTAIR. Moreover, it can induce the antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects on NCM-460 cells, and overexpression of LncRNA HOTAIR can partially reverse the effects of cow’s milk protein. In addition, overexpression of LncRNA HOTAIR reversed the effects of cow’s milk protein on NF-κB signaling.</p>\u0000 <p><b>Conclusions:</b> Cow’s milk protein may induce the allergy and inflammation in intestinal epithelial cells through regulating HOTAIR expression and NF-κB signaling pathways.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Biochemistry","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/jfbc/8448913","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143118578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resveratrol and Its Metabolites by Gut Microbiota Inhibit Human and Rat Gonadal 3β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases: In Vitro Assay, Structure–Activity Relationship, and In Silico Docking Analysis","authors":"Yingna Zhai,&nbsp;Chunnan Hu,&nbsp;Huitao Li,&nbsp;Yiyan Wang,&nbsp;Shaowei Wang,&nbsp;Xiaoheng Li,&nbsp;Ren-shan Ge,&nbsp;Qiqi Zhu","doi":"10.1155/jfbc/9934626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/jfbc/9934626","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p><b>Introduction:</b> Resveratrol and its analogs have potential therapeutic usage. Resveratrol is metabolized to various metabolites by gut microbiota, including dihydroresveratrol, lunularin, pinostilbene, and oxyresveratrol. However, they might have side effects by inhibiting human gonadal 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 (h3β-HSD2) and rat homolog r3β-HSD1, thereby interfering with steroid biosynthesis.</p>\u0000 <p><b>Methods:</b> Herein, we analyzed the inhibitory strength via in vitro assay, mode of action, structure–activity relationship, and docking simulation of resveratrol analogs on 3β-HSDs. Human KGN cell microsome was used as h3β-HSD2 source, and 90-day-old male Sprague–Dawley rat testicular microsome was used as r3β-HSD1 source. The conversion of pregnenolone to progesterone by 3β-HSDs was analyzed.</p>\u0000 <p><b>Results:</b> IC₅₀ values for h3β-HSD2 were 4,4′-dihydroxystilbene (8.87 μM) &gt; pinostilbene (10.51 μM) &gt; resveratrol (50.04 μM) &gt; lunularin (96.10 μM), while those for r3β-HSD1 were pinostilbene (5.11 μM) &gt; 4,4′-dihydroxystilbene (15.16 μM) &gt; resveratrol (26.58 μM) &gt; lunularin (34.32 μM). Most resveratrol analogs were mixed/competitive inhibitors of both 3β-HSDs. Lipophilicity (LogP) and lowest binding energy determined the inhibitory strength. Docking analysis showed that resveratrol and its analogs bind to the NAD⁺-/steroid-binding sites of 3β-HSDs.</p>\u0000 <p><b>Conclusion:</b> Resveratrol can inhibit both human and rat gonadal 3β-HSDs, thereby interfering with the metabolism and concentrations of steroid hormones such as progesterone, testosterone, and estradiol.</p>\u0000 <p><b>Practical Application:</b> Consequently, this interference could hold significance for conditions related to hormone imbalances, such as polycystic ovary syndrome and certain cancers. Disorders marked by elevated levels of androgens, like hyperandrogenism, might find therapeutic benefit from interventions aimed at modulating 3β-HSD activity. Hence, resveratrol and its metabolites could present themselves as natural or supplementary treatment options for managing such conditions.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Biochemistry","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/jfbc/9934626","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143118577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epigallocatechin Gallate Inhibits Cell Proliferation Promoted by TNFα/IL1β-NFκB-PLAU Inflammatory Signaling in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma","authors":"Fei Zhou,&nbsp;Yuanduo Li,&nbsp;Yurui Zhang,&nbsp;Hui Zhu,&nbsp;Yun Li,&nbsp;Ying Nie,&nbsp;Junjun Sun,&nbsp;Qiulan Luo,&nbsp;Ruixuan Wang,&nbsp;Xianghui Zou,&nbsp;Zikai Chen","doi":"10.1155/jfbc/7443874","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/jfbc/7443874","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p><b>Background:</b> Proinflammatory cytokines TNFα and IL1β drive esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cell proliferation. However, the underlying molecular mechanism and potential therapeutic interventions to target this inflammatory signaling remain unclear.</p>\u0000 <p><b>Methods:</b> Plasminogen activator urokinase (<i>PLAU</i>) expression was analyzed using the public database (GEO and iProX) and molecular experiments (qRT-PCR and Western blotting). The DNA-binding activity of nuclear factor κB (NFκB) at the promoter of <i>PLAU</i> was analyzed using several online servers (AnimalTFDB, JASPAR, PROMO, Cistrome, and UCSC) and confirmed through ChIP-qPCR. The role of PLAU in ESCC proliferation was investigated through <i>PLAU</i> overexpression experiments, GO annotation, CCK8 assay, and 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU) incorporation assay.</p>\u0000 <p><b>Results:</b> PLAU expression was significantly higher in ESCC tissues compared to normal tissues and in ESCC cells compared to immortalized esophageal epithelial cells. Treatment with TNFα and IL1β induced NFκB binding at the <i>PLAU</i> promoter in ESCC cells, leading to increased <i>PLAU</i> expression. Conversely, treatment with BAY11-7082, an NFκB inhibitor, significantly blocked this upregulation. Overexpression of <i>PLAU</i> promoted ESCC cell proliferation. Thus, our findings demonstrate that the TNFα/IL1β-NFκB-<i>PLAU</i> axis promotes ESCC cell proliferation. Moreover, EGCG inhibited NFκB binding to the <i>PLAU</i> promoter, thereby preventing PLAU upregulation in TNFα/IL1β-treated ESCC cells and inhibiting ESCC cell proliferation induced by <i>PLAU</i> overexpression.</p>\u0000 <p><b>Conclusion:</b> EGCG effectively blocks the inflammatory signaling TNFα/IL1β-NFκB-PLAU, thereby inhibiting ESCC cell proliferation. Our study provides new insights into blocking the pro-proliferative role of inflammation in ESCC and highlights EGCG as a potential therapeutic agent.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Biochemistry","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/jfbc/7443874","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143118311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polyphenols From Morchella sextelata Induce Apoptosis of Colorectal Cancer Cells Through ROS-Mediated Endogenous Mitochondrial Apoptosis Pathway In Vitro","authors":"Feihong Zhai,&nbsp;Yan Wang,&nbsp;Miaoqing Yan","doi":"10.1155/jfbc/7777790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/jfbc/7777790","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignancy of the digestive tract. Although chemotherapy is considered the most effective method for the treatment of CRC, these drugs have significant side effects. The identification of antitumour active ingredients with high efficiency and fewer toxic side effects from natural products is important. The effects of polyphenols from artificially cultivated <i>Morchella sextelata</i> (MSP) on CRC were analysed at the cellular level. The antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects of MSP on HCT 116 and HT-29 CRC cells were determined by a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, a colony formation assay, morphological observation and flow cytometry. The anti-CRC effects and their molecular mechanism were subsequently explored by RT-qPCR, Western blotting, mitochondrial membrane potential assays, reactive oxygen species (ROS) level assays and antioxidant enzyme system assays. MSP had dose-dependent cytotoxic effects as revealed by the inhibition of colony formation and induction of morphological changes and apoptosis in HCT 116 and HT-29 cells. The RT-qPCR results revealed that MSP treatment decreased the expression of <i>Bcl-2</i> and upregulated the expression of <i>Bax, caspase-3</i> and <i>caspase-9</i>, which were verified by Western blot experiments. Furthermore, MSP led to the destruction of the mitochondrial membrane potential, which suggested that MSP induced mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in these two cell types. In addition, treatment with MSP increased ROS levels and reduced the levels of the antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione S-transferase (GSH-ST) and γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase (γ-GCS) in the two cell lines. The apoptotic effects induced by MSP were significantly reversed by the ROS inhibitor N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), indicating that MSP induced apoptosis by increasing the intracellular ROS content of these two cell types. The above results indicated that MSP induced the apoptosis in the CRC cell lines HCT 116 and HT-29 through the ROS-mediated endogenous mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. The conclusions drawn from these experiments were based on in vitro cell experiments, and the results of this study provide a research basis for further in-depth experiments.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Biochemistry","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/jfbc/7777790","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143115568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Benefits of Nutrition of Little Millet: Unveiling the Effect of Processing Methods on Bioactive Properties","authors":"Annu Kumari,&nbsp;Pardeep Kumar Sadh,&nbsp;Ajay Kamboj,&nbsp;Babli Yadav,&nbsp;Anil Kumar,&nbsp;S. Sivakumar,&nbsp; Surekha,&nbsp;Baljeet Singh Saharan,&nbsp;Basanti Brar,&nbsp;Chhaya Goyal,&nbsp;Sanju Bala Dhull,&nbsp;Joginder Singh Duhan","doi":"10.1155/jfbc/2488816","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/jfbc/2488816","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Many terrible illnesses and disorders that modern man is dealing with today were not even known to ancient man. The only factor contributing to this disastrous situation is dietary habits. Thus, by avoiding and controlling them, replacing meals high in empty calories with nutrient-dense millets helps to alleviate the combined burden of contemporary metabolic illnesses and malnutrition. Because millet contains various nutrients, including proteins, minerals, lipids, vitamins, phytochemicals, dietary fiber, and complex carbohydrates, it positively impacts the immune system. Among whole millets, little millet (<i>Panicum sumatrense</i>) is one nutritious millet that contributes significantly to the supply of macro- and micronutrients and bioactive substances, including phenols, tannins, and phytates. However, some processing techniques, such as germination, fermentation, milling, and extrusion, impact little millet’s nutrients and bioactive chemicals by increasing or decreasing these phytochemicals. These nutrients and bioactive substances have physiological and beneficial properties related to health, such as weight management, antioxidants, antidiabetics, anticancer, antiobesity, and cardiovascular disease potential. It is also beneficial in preventing the risk of inflammatory, antirheumatic, and chronic disorders, as it possesses various value-added bioactive compounds such as kaempferol, luteolin, and apigenin. Little millet also contains some antinutrients such as tannins, oxalate, trypsin inhibitors, and phytate. These substances bind to the necessary nutrients, rendering them unavailable or limiting their utilization. The nutrients, processing effects, bioactive compounds, and health advantages of these compounds in little millet are all summarized in this paper.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Biochemistry","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/jfbc/2488816","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143115567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Material Basis for the Beneficial Effects of Paidu Powder on Hyperuricemia: A Network Pharmacology and Clinical Study","authors":"Sun Yan,&nbsp;Wu Tong,&nbsp;Zhu Ye,&nbsp;Zheng Shuwen,&nbsp;Guo Yuting,&nbsp;Lin Jian,&nbsp;Hailing Zhang,&nbsp;Gao Yonglin","doi":"10.1155/jfbc/4962920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/jfbc/4962920","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p><b>Background:</b> Paidu powder (PDP) is a formula that is used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) practices and has been demonstrated to be effective to lower blood uric acid (UA) level.</p>\u0000 <p><b>Methods:</b> Network pharmacology was employed to probe the mechanistic basis for the beneficial effects of PDP. Then, PDP was subjected to <i>Aspergillus oryza</i> AS3.042 fermentation, and the primary bioactive compounds in the resultant samples were analyzed via HPLC. A clinical study was then performed to test the therapeutic effects of unfermented and fermented PDP on HUA.</p>\u0000 <p><b>Results:</b> Network pharmacology strategies identified 122 active compounds and 924 HUA-related target genes, with 61 overlapping targets relative to PDP and HUA ultimately being selected. These target genes were associated with 474 GO biological process terms and 136 KEGG pathways. Moreover, good binding was observed between three main bioactive compounds of interest and nine primary target proteins. Notably, the levels of the top three bioactive compounds (quercetin, kaempferol, and naringenin) were significantly elevated by 308.96%, 1386.44%, and 719.21%, respectively, following fermentation. Clinical analyses indicated that both PDP and fermented PDP treatment significantly reduced UA, CRE, and BUN levels (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01), with a higher overall efficacy rate in the fermented PDP group relative to the unfermented PDP group (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01). Fewer adverse reactions were also observed in the fermented PDP group.</p>\u0000 <p><b>Conclusion:</b> These results offer novel insights into the putative mechanisms through which PDP can exert its beneficial effects against HUA, offering a novel basis for the identification of the pharmacological effects of this popular TCM prescription.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Biochemistry","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/jfbc/4962920","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143115097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thymus longicaulis subsp. chaubardii Ethanolic Extract Ameliorates Acetic Acid–Induced Rat Ulcerative Colitis Model by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Apoptosis","authors":"Dilek Ozbeyli,&nbsp;Ali Sen,&nbsp;Naziye Ozkan Yenal,&nbsp;Ayse Nur Hazar Yavuz,&nbsp;Deniz Mukaddes Turet,&nbsp;Meral Yuksel,&nbsp;Ismail Senkardes,&nbsp;Asli Aykac","doi":"10.1155/jfbc/6245901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/jfbc/6245901","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>The search for new drugs to treat ulcerative colitis (UC) is ongoing, with the use of herbal extracts emerging as a current research focus in this field. This study primarily intended to investigate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of the ethanolic extract of <i>Thymus longicaulis</i> subsp. <i>chaubardii</i> (TLC) in vitro. Secondly, we aimed to perform an acetic acid (AA)–induced rat UC model and assess the effects of TLC extract (200 mg/kg/orally/day, during three days) using ELISA test in terms of IL-1<i>β</i>, TNF-<i>α</i>, IL-17, IL-10, Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase, TLR-9, MMP-3 level, caspase-3 and caspase-9, luminol, lucigenin, and SOD. In addition, we accomplished macroscopic and histological evaluations. Our phytochemical investigation revealed TLC contained secondary metabolites including total phenolic, total flavonoid, and total triterpenes in quite concentrated amounts. The extract demonstrated anti-2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity that was 2.3 times more potent than ascorbic acid, anti-2,2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) free radical scavenging activity that was 3.28 times less potent than Trolox, and antilipoxygenase Type V (LOX-5) activity that was 1.31 times more potent than indomethacin in vitro. Due to colitis, increased luminol and lucigenin CL, TNF-<i>α</i>, IL-1<i>β</i>, IL-17, TLR-9, caspase-3, caspase-9, MMP-3, and macroscopic and microscopic scores and decreased IL-10, Na+/K + -ATPase levels in colon ameliorated with TLC and sulfasalazine (as reference drug) treatments. As a result, it can be said that TLC improves UC in rats, mainly on account of its free radical scavenging activity, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic effects.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Biochemistry","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/jfbc/6245901","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143115098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Water Physicochemical Properties Influence the Production, Nutritional Composition, and Antioxidant Activity of Gracilaria tenuistipitata From the Northern Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh","authors":"Md. Rahamat Ullah,&nbsp;Mohammed Ashraful Haque,&nbsp;Md. Monjurul Hasan,&nbsp;Farhana Yasmin,&nbsp;Aovijite Bosu,&nbsp;Md. Amirul Islam,&nbsp;Mohosena Begum Tanu","doi":"10.1155/jfbc/9594885","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/jfbc/9594885","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>This study investigates the influence of water physicochemical properties on the growth, production, nutritional composition, and antioxidant properties of <i>Gracilaria tenuistipitata</i>, cultivated at two different sites (Gangamati and Hazipur) along the northern Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh. The water quality parameters were monitored weekly. Results revealed that the Gangamati site is characterized by significantly higher (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) salinity (14.75 ± 4.89 ppt), transparency (60.50 ± 9.57 cm), and total dissolved solids (6154.90 ± 1492.50 mg/L) compared to the Hazipur site. The Gangamati site significantly (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) outperformed the Hazipur site in terms of daily growth rate and production. Furthermore, proximate composition analysis indicated significantly higher (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) protein (25.06 ± 0.90% DW), lipid (1.22 ± 0.05% DW), fiber (7.03 ± 0.76% DW), and carbohydrate (38.41 ± 0.80% DW) contents in seaweed from the Gangamati site. The mineral content of <i>G. tenuistipitata</i> was also influenced by the culture site significantly (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Amino acid analysis demonstrated superior protein quality in Gangamati seaweed, with significantly higher levels of essential (77.286 ± 0.06 mg/g) and nonessential (95.243 ± 0.07 mg/g) amino acids than the Hazipur site. The fatty acid profiles varied significantly between the two sites, with seaweed from the Gangamati site exhibiting higher levels of unsaturated fatty acids (41.27 ± 0.05%) compared to Hazipur, indicating superior nutritional lipid quality indices. Bioactive compounds were significantly higher (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) in Gangamati seaweed, along with higher antioxidant activity. Overall, these results indicate that the Gangamati estuary provides a better environment for the cultivation of <i>G. tenuistipitata</i>, resulting in seaweed with superior nutritional and bioactive properties.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Biochemistry","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/jfbc/9594885","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143114712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of Oxidative Stress Indexes of Follow-Up Formulas (> 12 Months) and Certain Flavored Milks","authors":"Çiler Özenir,&nbsp;Özge Cemali,&nbsp;Duygu Ağagündüz","doi":"10.1155/jfbc/5538787","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/jfbc/5538787","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Background:&lt;/b&gt; Milk is known to contain some natural antioxidants, but limited literature is available on the antioxidant/oxidant content of flavored milks, which are commonly consumed in children &gt; 12 months of age.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; This study was performed to investigate the total antioxidant status (TAS) and total oxidant status (TOS) and oxidative stress indices of children’s follow-up formulas (&gt; 12 months) and flavored milks.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Materials and Methods:&lt;/b&gt; Milk samples (plain milk [&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 3], cocoa milk [&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 9], chocolate milk [&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 4], strawberry milk [&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 12], banana milk [&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 13], honey milk [&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 2], and children’s follow-up formula [&gt; 12 months] [&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 8]) between January and March 2021 were included in the study. TAS and TOS levels were measured using commercially available kits (Relassay, Turkey) and Mindray BS300 Auto Biochemistry AnalyzerTM (China). All analyses were carried out in duplicate. The OSI value (arbitrary unit) was calculated.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; In this study, TOS values (&lt;i&gt;μ&lt;/i&gt;mol/L) of milk samples showed a significant difference between all groups (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05) and the lowest was in plain milk (14.90 ± 3.66 &lt;i&gt;μ&lt;/i&gt;mol/L). There was a difference in TOS values between plain milk and cocoa milk (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.007) and between plain milk and chocolate milk (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.035). There was a significant difference in TAS values between the groups (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001), and the highest TAS values were observed in chocolate milk (2.64 ± 0.02 mmol/L) and cocoa milk (2.35 ± 0.45 mmol/L), respectively. The differences in TAS values were found between banana–cocoa milks (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001), banana–chocolate milks (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.007), and strawberry–cocoa milks (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.033). There was a difference between the OSI values of the groups (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001), the lowest values were found in cocoa milk (2.57 ± 0.47) and chocolate milk (2.22 ± 0.46), respectively. The difference in OSI values was found between chocolate–banana milk (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.006) and cocoa–banana milk (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.001). A positive correlation (&lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt; = 0.945; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001) was found between TAS and energy content of follow-up formulas (&gt; 12 months). Positive correlations were found between TAS and fat content (&lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt; = 0.679; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.044) and saturated fat content (&lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt; = 0722; 0.028) of cocoa milk. There was no significant correlation between OSI and any macronutrient and energy in milk groups (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &gt; 0.05).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/b&gt; Cocoa and chocolate milks have the highest antioxidant and oxidant capacity and the lowest oxidative stress index. However, plain milk had the lowest oxidant capacity. Furthermore, the linear relationship between the energy content of the follow-up formula and oxidant capacity indicates the importance of adequate-balanced and functional consumption of ","PeriodicalId":15802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Biochemistry","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/jfbc/5538787","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143113769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Caffeine Promotes Adipocyte Autophagy Through the AMPK/SIRT1 Signaling Pathway and Improves High-Fat Diet–Induced Obesity and Leptin Resistance","authors":"Wang Yinghao,&nbsp;Peng Wenyuan,&nbsp;Li Chunfeng,&nbsp;Yu Jingning,&nbsp;Sheng Jun,&nbsp;Zi Chengting,&nbsp;Wu Xiaoyun","doi":"10.1155/jfbc/8864899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/jfbc/8864899","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p><b>Purpose:</b> Caffeine has been widely studied for its lipid-lowering and blood-glucose–lowering effects. This study aimed to investigate whether caffeine can regulate adipocyte autophagy through the AMPK/SIRT1 signaling pathway, both <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i>, thereby exerting a hypoglycemic effect.</p>\u0000 <p><b>Method:</b> Western blot analysis was conducted to assess changes in the expression levels of FASN, ACC, pACC, SIRT1, LC3II/I, and pAMPKα in 3T3-L1 cells following caffeine treatment. The size of the lipid droplets was evaluated using Oil Red O staining. Mito Tracker Red and qRT-PCR were employed to quantify the number of mitochondria in the cells. Six-week-old C57BL/6J mice were divided into three groups: control, high-fat diet (HFD), and HFD + caffeine. After 11 weeks of feeding, insulin resistance was assessed using insulin tolerance and glucose tolerance tests. The expression levels of AMPK<i>α</i>, SIRT1, PPAR<i>γ</i>, P62, and LC3II/I in the adipose tissue of each group were measured using Western Blotting. Serum levels of triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and leptin were determined by Elisa. Finally, hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining was performed to observe the size of adipocytes in visceral adipose tissue.</p>\u0000 <p><b>Results:</b> Caffeine significantly inhibits the expression of proteins associated with fat synthesis and reduces lipid droplet size in 3T3-L1 cells. In addition, caffeine robustly activates the AMPK/SIRT1 signaling pathway in 3T3-L1 cells, promoting autophagy and enhancing mitochondrial biogenesis. In animal models, caffeine effectively attenuates weight gain and insulin resistance induced by a HFD while reducing serum TG and TC levels. Furthermore, caffeine suppresses leptin resistance and mitigates the increased food intake associated with a HFD. Notably, caffeine enhances AMPK<i>α</i> phosphorylation levels and SIRT1 expression in visceral fat, facilitating adipocyte autophagy and reducing lipid accumulation. At the cellular level, caffeine significantly promotes mitochondrial biogenesis<i>.</i></p>\u0000 <p><b>Conclusion:</b> Caffeine enhances autophagy in adipocytes by activating the AMPK/SIRT1 signaling pathway of adipocytes, contributing to antiobesity effects and improving insulin resistance.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Biochemistry","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/jfbc/8864899","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143113768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}