Journal of Food Biochemistry最新文献

{"title":"Ailanthus altissima Extract Ameliorates Cognitive Decline and Neurodegeneration in an Aluminum Chloride–Induced Rat Model of Alzheimer’s Disease","authors":"Mohammad Mehdi Gravandi,&nbsp;Daniel Elieh-Ali-Komi,&nbsp;Roshanak Amirian,&nbsp;Seyede Zahra Hosseini,&nbsp;Seyede Darya Alavi,&nbsp;Samira Shirooie,&nbsp;Amir Kiani,&nbsp;Mohammad Hosein Farzaei","doi":"10.1155/jfbc/7471140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/jfbc/7471140","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The extract of <i>Ailanthus altissima</i> possesses anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties. We aimed to investigate its effectiveness in mitigating the AlCl₃-induced Alzheimer’s disease in a rat model.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 32 adult male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups each consisting of 8 rats. The control group received saline and the AlCl₃ group received AlCl₃ (0.2 cc 100 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) for 14 days. Two other groups received either 50 or 100 mg/kg of <i>Ailanthus altissima</i> after AlCl₃ treatment. Behavioral tests including open field test (OFT), elevated plus maze, and passive avoidance tests were performed. Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), glial filamentous acidic protein (GFAP), and amyloid beta were stained using immunohistochemistry (IHC) in the hippocampus.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>AlCl₃ administration caused significant memory impairment, and treatment with <i>Ailanthus altissima</i> extract effectively mitigated these deficits in a dose-dependent manner. The effects were dose-dependent, and the group receiving 100 mg/kg extract presented the most significant results in the conducted behavioral tests. The IHC results for NF-κB showed that treatment with 50 mg/kg of extract significantly reduced NF-κB expression compared with the AlCl₃ group (6.64% vs. 13.3%, respectively, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). A higher dose of 100 mg/kg resulted in an even greater reduction (4.45% vs. 13.3%, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01). Extract treatment reduced GFAP positivity in a dose-dependent manner, with the 50 mg/kg group showing a significant decrease to 11.8% (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). The 100 mg/kg group demonstrated an even more substantial reduction to 7.7% (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01) compared with the AlCl₃ group (18.65%). Amyloid beta positivity was critically reduced in the 100 mg/kg-receiving group.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>Ailanthus altissima</i> extract shows potential as a neuroprotective extract. It counteracts AlCl₃-induced behavioral and neuropathological changes, suggesting promising therapeutic applications.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Biochemistry","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/jfbc/7471140","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147686830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient Extraction of Biologically Active and Technofunctional Sulfated Polysaccharides From Green Seaweed Ulva rigida Using Enzyme-Assisted Method","authors":"Samira Jeddi,&nbsp;Mehdi Alboofetileh,&nbsp;Sivakumar Priyadharshini,&nbsp;Hannah R. Vasanthi","doi":"10.1155/jfbc/3453161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/jfbc/3453161","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The current study employed the enzyme-assisted extraction for the bioconversion of <i>Ulva rigida</i> and isolating the ulvan polysaccharide. The extracted ulvan was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry, and differential scanning calorimetry analysis. The antioxidant activity (scavenging of DPPH free radical and reducing power assays), antibacterial activity (against four food pathogenic bacteria), prebiotic activity, water- and oil-holding capacities, and emulsifying and foaming properties of the isolated ulvan were investigated. The ulvan yield from <i>U. rigida</i> by the enzyme method was 37.8%. The extracted ulvan possesses 92.64% DPPH scavenging and 0.2515 Abs, reducing power activities at a concentration of 4 mg/mL. Antibacterial studies revealed that the isolated ulvan exerted antibacterial activity against <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> with 5- and 4-mm semidiameter inhibition zones at 10 mg/mL concentrations, respectively. However, it was not active against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Salmonella enterica</i>. The growth of <i>Bifidobacterium bifidum</i>, <i>Lactobacillus acidophilus</i>, and <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> bacteria was increased in the presence of the extracted ulvan, which indicates its prebiotic activity. The water-holding capacity of the extracted ulvan (6.18 g water/g sample) was higher than its oil-holding capacity (0.5 g oil/g sample). The results also demonstrated that the extracted ulvan could emulsify the corn, sunflower, and canola oils. The foaming capacity and stability of the extracted ulvan were 14.08% and 4.30%, respectively. These results suggested that the enzyme method recovered ulvan from <i>U. rigida</i> with different bioactivities and technofunctional properties, making it suitable for application in various food and cosmetic products as a nutraceutical and natural preservative.</p>","PeriodicalId":15802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Biochemistry","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/jfbc/3453161","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147686739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to “Effects of Different Forms of Anthocyanins on the Growth Inhibition and Gene Expression of Colorectal Cancer Cells”","authors":"","doi":"10.1155/jfbc/9898372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/jfbc/9898372","url":null,"abstract":"<p>W. Liu, S. Feng, D. He, et al., “Effects of Different Forms of Anthocyanins on the Growth Inhibition and Gene Expression of Colorectal Cancer Cells,” <i>Journal of Food Biochemistry</i>, 2024, 7191862, https://doi.org/10.1155/jfbc/7191862.</p><p>The conflicts of interest statement has also been corrected as below due to this change:</p><p>“Shuqiang Ren <i>was employed by AgSino Digital Nutrition Technology. The company provided no direct funding for this research and had no role in the study design, data collection, analysis, interpretation, or decision to publish. There are no other potential conflicts of interest related to this work</i>.”</p><p>We apologize for these errors.</p>","PeriodicalId":15802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Biochemistry","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/jfbc/9898372","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147687022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of Immunological Parameters Following the Administration of Temperature-Processed Panax quinquefolius L. in Mice","authors":"Jiyue Sha,&nbsp;Yanting Zhang,&nbsp;Wei Li,&nbsp;Hongxia Yu,&nbsp;Yushun Lu,&nbsp;Zhiman Li,&nbsp;Di Qu,&nbsp;Yingying Shi,&nbsp;Zhengbo Liu,&nbsp;Yinshi Sun","doi":"10.1155/jfbc/8323863","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/jfbc/8323863","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Thermal processing is the most common drying method for <i>Panax quinquefolius</i> L. (PQ). This study aimed to investigate the regulatory effects of PQ treated at constant and different temperatures on cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced immunosuppression in mice. Routine HE staining was used to observe the pathological changes of the spleen, ELISA measured cytokine levels, lymphocyte subsets in the spleen were measured by flow cytometry, and MAPK signaling pathway protein expression was detected by Western blotting. The results showed that PQ treated at constant and different temperatures could slow down the weight loss and immune organ damage and improve the proliferation rate of splenic T lymphocytes, phagocytosis of macrophages, and white blood cell count in immunosuppressed mice. In addition, the serum levels of TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4, IgA, IgG, and IgM were significantly increased, and the expression levels of spleen proteins p-P38, <i>p</i>-JNK, and <i>p</i>-ERK were also significantly increased in mice treated with PQ treated with different processing methods, and the effect of PQ treated with constant temperature was more significant. Therefore, PQ after heat treatment is a potent immunomodulator, and the processing pattern has some effects on the immunocompetence of PQ.</p>","PeriodicalId":15802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Biochemistry","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/jfbc/8323863","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147686385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the Bioactive and Technological Potential of Caferana (Bunchosia glandulifera)","authors":"Sara Fraga,&nbsp;Lílian Bozzi Barbeiro,&nbsp;Gabriel Sthefano Lourenço Pereira,&nbsp;Patrícia Tonon de Souza,&nbsp;Guilherme José Maximo,&nbsp;Antonio José de Almeida Meirelles,&nbsp;Daniel Gonçalves,&nbsp;Klicia Araujo Sampaio","doi":"10.1155/jfbc/2346564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/jfbc/2346564","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Caferana (<i>Bunchosia glandulifera</i>), one of seven species of the genus <i>Bunchosia</i> identified in the Atlantic Forest, is a plant with expressive bioactive potential that remains underexplored by scientific research. Based on ancestral knowledge and popular traditions that consuming the fruit and infusions made from its roots and leaves may improve physical and mental vigor, particularly for the elderly, the bioactive and technological potentials of five fractions of the plant (root, stem, leaf, seed, and pulp) were then evaluated. The leaves contained the highest total phenolic compound content (22.41 mg GAE/g) and the highest antioxidant capacity by DPPH (62.94 μmol TE/g). The pulp stood out for its high carotenoid content (527.71 μg/g), predominantly lycopene. Notably, the stem and root exhibited the highest concentrations of total alkaloids (11.27 mg/g and 9.01 mg/g, respectively). Volatile profile analysis revealed that 1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione (maleimide), a compound with known pharmacological potential, was the major component in the seeds (55.9%). These quantitative results validate conventional wisdom and indicate that Caferana fractions are promising sources of nutraceuticals and could be applied in the form of encapsulated compounds, fermented beverages, and sweet foods such as ice cream, jellies, and juices with nutritional qualities. Future research should focus on the isolation and pharmacological evaluation of the alkaloids and maleimide to elucidate their mechanisms of action in the central nervous system.</p>","PeriodicalId":15802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Biochemistry","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/jfbc/2346564","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147615322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Sishen Pill Treating Depression-Related Gastritis Based on Network Pharmacology and Experimental Verification","authors":"Siyi Li,&nbsp;Penghui Yang,&nbsp;Zhulin Wu,&nbsp;Qiuyue Li,&nbsp;Weiqing Zhang,&nbsp;Rong Zhang,&nbsp;Weijun Luo","doi":"10.1155/jfbc/9982464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/jfbc/9982464","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sishen Pill (SSW) has been demonstrated to be effective in neurological and gastrointestinal disorders, while it is less emphasized in depression-related gastritis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Network pharmacology and molecular docking were performed to identify the hub targets of SSW and the underlying mechanisms in the therapy of depression-related gastritis. In a cell experiment, by injection of LPS, GES-1 and BV-2 cells were used for depression and gastritis injury model construction, respectively. In a rat experiment, an ethanol and CUMS stimulated depression-related gastritis rat model was established. The CCK-8 assay and wound healing were used to determine the cell viability and migration, respectively. Open field test (OFT), forced swimming test (FST), and sucrose preference test (SPT) were used for the detection of rat behavior. Hematoxylin−eosin (HE) staining and Alcian Blue−Periodic Acid-Schiff (AB-PAS) were used to detect pathological injury. Western blotting was used to detect the protein levels of AKT1 and TLR4 signaling pathway−related proteins. ELISA was used to evaluate the inflammatory factors, junction proteins, and gastric mucosa health indicators.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Network pharmacology identified that AKT1 was the only one to be downregulated in both depression and gastritis. Function analysis indicated that AKT1 was involved in the toll-like receptor signaling pathway. Molecular docking confirmed the well-binding ability between AKT1 and quercetin, an effective molecule from Euodiae Fructus in SSW prescription. In both cell and rat models, AKT1 was downregulated. SSW treatment consistently restored AKT1 levels, which consequently alleviated inflammatory response, gastric mucosal lesion, and depression-like behaviors. Moreover, these therapeutic effects were mediated through the inhibition of the TLR4 signaling pathway, as the AKT1 inhibitor MK-2206 effectively reversed all the beneficial effects of SSW.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study indicates the potential of SSW as a treatment for depression-related gastritis and uncovers the underlying mechanism of targeted AKT1 related to the TLR4 pathway, providing valuable information for researchers in effective targeted therapies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Biochemistry","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/jfbc/9982464","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147615370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Edible Films With Quercetin and Orange Essential Oil: Physicochemical Characterization and Antifungal Activity","authors":"Andres Carrillo-Garmendia,&nbsp;Vanessa Sánchez-Quezada,&nbsp;Jeaneth Torres-Silva,&nbsp;Sarahi Rodriguez-Gonzalez,&nbsp;Gerardo M. Nava,&nbsp;Carlos Regalado-Gonzalez,&nbsp;Luis Alberto Madrigal-Perez","doi":"10.1155/jfbc/6669973","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/jfbc/6669973","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study provides evidence of the fungistatic capacity of an active edible film containing quercetin and orange essential oil (OEO), demonstrating favorable mechanical properties and stability for postharvest applications. Phytopathogenic fungi are a major cause of postharvest losses and waste. Certain bioactive compounds, such as quercetin (a key component of the natural chemical defense system of plants) and OEO, are known for their fungicidal properties. OEO contains a high concentration of terpene molecules that share chemical similarities with quercetin, potentially enhancing its bioavailability and toxicity. Active edible films offer a promising means of delivering bioactive compounds to help reduce the spread of fungal infections in food. Therefore, this study sought to develop an active edible film incorporating quercetin and OEO to inhibit the spore germination and growth of <i>Colletotrichum gloeosporioides</i>. Three edible films were formulated: PQN1 (0.075 mg/mL quercetin, 20 mg/mL OEO), PQN2 (0.030 mg/mL quercetin, 5 mg/mL OEO), and a control (PC) without active compounds. PQN1 exhibited the highest fungistatic activity, inhibiting <i>C. gloeosporioides</i> growth by 32.3 ± 0.8%. PQN1 also showed greater stability than PC, as indicated by zeta potential values (−63.3 ± 6.2 mV vs. −5.224 ± 5.4 mV, respectively). The elongation percentage and water vapor permeability (WVP) increased in films containing the active compounds, while tensile strength, Young’s modulus, and solubility decreased in the presence of OEO. No significant difference in thickness was observed. Overall, the PQN1 edible film shows potential for preventing <i>C. gloeosporioides</i> contamination in fruits and vegetables.</p>","PeriodicalId":15802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Biochemistry","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/jfbc/6669973","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147615369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytochemical Profile, Antioxidant, Antidiabetic, and Antidiarrheal Potentials of Hylocereus undatus Leaf Extract: GC–MS and In Silico Insights","authors":"Md. Tariqul Islam,&nbsp;Sudipta Saha,&nbsp;A. B. M. Ashraful,&nbsp;Md. Shafiqul Islam","doi":"10.1155/jfbc/3039549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/jfbc/3039549","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Hylocereus undatus</i> (Haworth) Britton and Rose is a popular and extensively used medicinal herb, especially in Asia, which encompasses several medicinal phytochemicals that possess curative properties. This study explored its antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antidiarrheal properties by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS)-based identification of bioactive compounds along with an in silico study. Leaf extract of <i>H. undatus</i> was prepared using <i>n</i>-hexane. In vitro antioxidant activities were evaluated using spectrophotometric methods. In vivo antidiabetic activity was determined by oral glucose tolerance test, and antidiarrheal activity was assessed via castor oil–induced diarrhea in mice. The bioactive compounds were identified via GC–MS. An in silico study was done by a computer-aided model using the α-amylase protein. The phytochemical screening exhibited a wide variety of plant metabolites. The total phenolic, total flavonoid, total tannin, and total antioxidant capacity were estimated as 29.73 ± 0.33 mg of GAE/g, 69.3 ± 6.61 mg of QE/g, 14.35 ± 0.221 mg of GAE/g, and 115.58 ± 1.43 mg of AAE/g, respectively. The OGTT test of the extract at 500 mg/kg produced a noteworthy (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01) reduction in BGL at 30 min (14.6%), 60 min (26.4%), 90 min (40.9%), and 120 min (49.4%) post-treatment compared to the control group. In the castor oil–induced diarrhea model, nHE (500 mg/kg, 39.58%) significantly (<i>p</i> &lt;  0.01) delayed diarrhea onset and reduced total feces. The extent of these activities resembled that of standard loperamide (5 mg/kg, 58.33%). GC–MS identified 72 compounds, including β-amyrone, lupeol, campesterol, stigmasterol, and vitamin E. In silico study also validated the potentialities of constituents of <i>H. undatus</i>. This is the first integrated study combining in vitro, in vivo, and in silico approaches to elucidate the pharmacological potential of <i>H. undatus</i> leaves, highlighting the extract as a promising source of therapeutic candidates. Further mechanistic studies are warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":15802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Biochemistry","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/jfbc/3039549","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147615025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biofunctional Properties of RuBisCO Extract From Spinacia oleracea L.","authors":"Lorenza Marinaccio,&nbsp;Giulia Gentile,&nbsp;Federica Flamminii,&nbsp;Gokhan Zengin,&nbsp;Lorenzo Cerretani,&nbsp;Silvia Minetti,&nbsp;Angelo Cichelli,&nbsp;Adriano Mollica,&nbsp;Azzurra Stefanucci","doi":"10.1155/jfbc/6645393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/jfbc/6645393","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Spinach (<i>Spinacia oleracea</i> L<i>.</i>) is a green herbaceous annual leafy vegetable widely cultivated. It is considered a functional food for its nutritional composition, phytochemicals and bioactive compounds that contribute to reduce oxidative stress, inducing the secretion of satiety hormones helping to promote protection mechanisms against hypoglycaemia, cancer and obesity. In this study spinach leaves were treated in order to extract the protein fraction ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO) by using calcium chloride (CaCl₂) to improve the removal of pigments in the extract. Functional properties, free amino acids content determined after derivatization with fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl (Fmoc) group by the HPLC-DAD technique, together with phenolic and flavonoid contents (TPC and TFC, respectively), antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory assays, were assessed in both samples treated with (e.g., S2) or without (e.g., S1) CaCl₂. Two independent replicates of each sample were produced following the same procedure. Around 20 mg of each sample has been used for characterization. Data reveal that the sample S1 contains lysine (0.040 mg/mg DE) as principal amino acid while it is absent in S2. Both extracts present a comparable TPC content; conversely, the TFC is higher in the S1 sample (3.65 mg RE/g) than that in S2. Biological assays reveal higher antioxidant activity by ABTS (21.35 mg TE/g) and metal chelating (32.30 EDTAE/g) assays for S1 than sample S2. Both samples show similar inhibition of tyrosinase (47.45 mg KAE/g and 49.90 mg KAE/g for S1 and S2, respectively) and glucosidase enzyme (8.15 mmol ACAE/g and 8.06 mmol ACAE/g for S1 and S2, respectively), prompting further studies in developing more efficacious protein extraction methods for the design of enriched foods and beverages.</p>","PeriodicalId":15802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Biochemistry","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/jfbc/6645393","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147615026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Season and Geographic Region Impact Protein 1 Content, Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Effect of Royal Jelly From Fujairah Emirates","authors":"Fatima K. Alkindi,&nbsp;Ali El-Keblawy,&nbsp;Bahgat Fayed,&nbsp;Sarra B. Shakartalla,&nbsp;Doha H. Abou Baker,&nbsp;Fouad L. Ridouane,&nbsp;Shaher Bano,&nbsp;Rania Hamdy,&nbsp;Sameh S. M. Soliman","doi":"10.1155/jfbc/9691287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/jfbc/9691287","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Royal jelly (RJ), a nutrient-rich substance secreted by honeybees, contains bioactive compounds whose composition is shaped by environmental factors such as geography and season. This study examined how regional and seasonal variations affect the concentration of major royal jelly protein 1 (MRJP1) and RJ’s biological activity in five areas of Fujairah, UAE, during spring and fall. MRJP1 was quantified using ELISA, while antibacterial activity was assessed against <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> using microbroth dilution. Anticancer potential was tested on MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells via MTT assay. Spring-harvested RJ, especially from Ohala, had higher MRJP1 levels and stronger activity against <i>E. coli.</i> In contrast, fall RJ from Al Farfar was more effective against <i>S. aureus</i>, surpassing colistin in some instances. Anticancer activity remained steady across seasons. The study highlights that RJ’s bioactivity and MRJP1 levels vary with environmental factors, supporting MRJP1 as a potential associative biomarker for RJ quality.</p>","PeriodicalId":15802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Biochemistry","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/jfbc/9691287","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147614957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}