Journal of Food Biochemistry最新文献

{"title":"Caffeic Acid Dimethyl Ether Ameliorates Excessive Glucose and Lipid-Induced Insulin Secretion Dysfunction in Pancreatic Beta-Cells through the miR-378b–PI3K–AKT Pathway","authors":"Ermei Zhou,&nbsp;Yanqing Liang,&nbsp;Qi Chen,&nbsp;Jianghui Bi,&nbsp;Junjie Chen,&nbsp;Yongwen Li,&nbsp;Li Li","doi":"10.1155/2024/5774255","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/5774255","url":null,"abstract":"<p>An important factor in the progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus is the malfunctioning insulin production by <i>β</i>-cells in the pancreas. Caffeic acid dimethyl ether (CADE) reduces resistance to insulin in alcoholic fatty liver disease, but both the therapeutic effects of CADE on excessive glucose and lipid-induced insulin secretion disorders and the underlying mechanisms are unknown. The aim of this research was to (i) explore how CADE impacts insulin production issues caused by a surplus of glucose and lipids <i>β</i>-cells and (ii) elucidate the underlying mechanism. The results of our research demonstrated that insulin production was reduced in the pancreas of mice given a high-fat -diet and streptozotocin, as well as in human 1.1B4 pancreatic <i>β</i>-cells treated with high -glucose and high -fat, with increased activity of miR-378b and decreased expression levels of p110<i>α</i>, p-AKT1/2, insulin receptor, p-FoxO1, and PDX-1. However, treatment with CADE ameliorated the insulin secretion impairment by decreasing the miR-378b level and reversing the inhibitory effects on the aforementioned factors. Overexpression of miR-378b exacerbated the insulin secretion disorder and inhibited the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway, whereas miR-378b deficiency relieved the insulin secretion disorder, activating the PI3K-AKT pathway. In addition, CADE ameliorated the impairment of insulin secretion and reversed the miR-378b overexpression-induced PI3K-AKT pathway inhibition. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that CADE ameliorated insulin secretion dysfunction induced by excess lipid and glucose in <i>β</i>-cells by downregulating miR-378b expression, thus promoting PI3K-AKT activation.</p>","PeriodicalId":15802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Biochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140249769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Saffron the “Red Gold” and Its CNS Activity: A Challenge for Future Applications in Nutraceuticals","authors":"Stefania Sut,&nbsp;Gaia Gherardi,&nbsp;Filippo Ruzza,&nbsp;Giada Caudullo,&nbsp;Shyam Sharan Shrestha,&nbsp;Vincenzo Sorrenti,&nbsp;Stefano Dall’Acqua","doi":"10.1155/2024/6672608","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/6672608","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Saffron, indicated as “the red gold,” is an extraordinary spice with a unique aroma and organoleptic properties that is largely diffused in food preparation as well as a traditional medicine in many countries of the world. In the last years, several studies have considered this spice for CNS-based disorders showing its potential usefulness. In this review, we considered the role of saffron as a nutraceutical for the management of the most diffused CNS diseases considering the important role of oxidative stress on the pathogenesis of such diseases. In fact, recent findings support a crucial role of oxidative stress in different CNS diseases suggesting an important role of antioxidants. Preclinical and clinical evidence of its efficacy in different physiopathological pathways involved in several CNS diseases were discussed showing evidence of pharmacological activities and beneficial effects in pathological models or in small trials. Due to low toxicity and significant activities on oxidative stress and inflammation as well as the ability to modulate mitochondrial function, the saffron extracts and their constituents appear to be promising nutraceutical active compounds in this area. Further investigations are in progress to assess the efficacy and safety of preventive agents as nutraceuticals or as adjuvant compounds to be used in combinations with other therapeutic approaches. Saffron nutraceuticals with significant antioxidant activity can be useful in improving the quality of life of patients suffering from several different pathological conditions related to CNS. In this review, we summarized the more recent studies showing that standardized saffron products can be a valuable instrument of well-being due to their effects on multiple targets that support the health of the brain and related tissues.</p>","PeriodicalId":15802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Biochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140252625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Black Quinoa Polysaccharides on Obesity and Intestinal Flora Dysbiosis in T2DM Mice","authors":"Yanqing Zang,&nbsp;Kaiming Wu,&nbsp;Jiaci Liu,&nbsp;Yang Cao,&nbsp;Changyuan Wang","doi":"10.1155/2024/5473584","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/5473584","url":null,"abstract":"<p>To explore the mechanism of the hypoglycemic effect of BQP in type 2 diabetic mice induced by the combination of high-fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ). Treatment with BQP significantly ameliorated blood glucose and lipid levels and improved oxidative stress levels and liver injury levels. The results of the intestinal flora study showed that the concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in cecum contents of BQP group mice was significantly higher than those of the diabetic mice. BQP treatment improved microbial disorders in feces, altered the diversity of intestinal flora, reduced the <i>Bacteroidota</i> to <i>Firmicutes</i> (B/F) ratio in diabetic mice, and increased the abundance of <i>Dubosiella</i>, <i>Akkermansia</i>, <i>Faecalibaculum</i>, and <i>Allobaculum</i>. Spearman correlation analysis showed that changes in intestinal microorganisms were closely related to biochemical parameters. The function’s prediction of gut microbiota indicated that the microbial compositions involving chemoheterotrophy, aerobic chemoheterotrophy, Gram-negative, potential pathogenicity, and sulfur cycle were changed. <i>Conclusion</i>. Intake of BQP can effectively regulate the blood glucose level of diabetic mice through improving glucose and lipid metabolism, and its mechanism may be related to the improvement of obesity and intestinal microecological balance.</p>","PeriodicalId":15802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Biochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141164888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic Effect of B-Type Lotus Seedpod Oligomeric Procyanidin and Probiotics against Adhesion of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli In Vitro","authors":"Cuie Tang,&nbsp;Donghui Li,&nbsp;Bijun Xie,&nbsp;Yan Li,&nbsp;Zhida Sun","doi":"10.1155/2024/6813133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/6813133","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Enterotoxigenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> (ETEC) adhesion to gut epithelial cells is a prerequisite for diarrhea. Here, we studied the synergistic effect and potential mechanism of B-type lotus seedpod oligomeric procyanidin (LSPC) combined with probiotics against adhesion of ETEC. The results indicated that LSPC exhibited an effective anti-ETEC adhesion effect. LSPC showed signally synergistic effects with probiotics, e.g., <i>Streptococcus thermophilus</i> (ST) and <i>Lactobacillus rhamnosus</i> (LGG) in response to ETEC adhesion, with the combination of LSPC and LGG being the most efficacious. This may be attributed to the restoration of transmembrane resistance of cells, the increased expression of anti-inflammatory factors (IL-10, 1.89-fold), and the reduction of cellular inflammatory factor levels (TNF-<i>α</i> and IL-8), regulated by LGG-LSPC, resulting in a better enhancement of cellular immune defense and barrier function. In addition, the results of gas chromatography showed that LSPC, as a prebiotic, could significantly increase the total amount of short-chain fatty acids (especially, butyric acid) produced by probiotics (e.g., LGG), thus better maintaining intestinal health against ETEC infection. In conclusion, the synergistic effect of LSPC and probiotics (represented by LGG) against ETEC adhesion in epithelial cells may be achieved through the enhancement of cellular immune defense, cellular barrier function, and maintenance of homeostasis in the gut.</p>","PeriodicalId":15802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Biochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141164860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clam Peptides Attenuated Adenine-Induced Chronic Kidney Disease by Improving Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Intestinal Flora Composition","authors":"Wenping Ren,&nbsp;Qiaoni You,&nbsp;Shanglong Wang,&nbsp;Zimin Liu,&nbsp;Shengcan Zou,&nbsp;Xiang Gao,&nbsp;Yuxi Wei","doi":"10.1155/2024/5299378","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/5299378","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Previously, we have prepared clam peptides (RBPs) that exhibited potential antihypertension and kidney protective effects in SHR rats by fermentation of <i>Ruditapes philippinarum</i> with <i>Bacillus natto</i>. In this study, we established an adenine-induced chronic kidney disease (CKD) in SD rats and investigated the improvement effects of RBPs on CKD. The results showed that compared with the model group, 8 weeks gavage of RBPs restored the structure of the kidney and reduced serum levels of CKD-related biochemical indicators, including NGAL, CR, Ca, UA, TG, IP, L-FABP, BUN, CHO, and cystatin C (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). RBPs treatment also reduced serum levels of MDA, IL-1<i>β</i>, TGF-<i>β</i>1, and TNF-<i>α</i> and increased those of CAT and T-AOC (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). In addition, the results of intestinal microbiota analysis showed that RBPs improved the intestinal flora composition by downregulating the proportion of <i>Firmicutes</i> and <i>Bacteroidetes</i>, decreasing the relative abundance of <i>Romboutsia</i>, <i>Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005</i>, and <i>Christensenellaceae_R-7_group</i> and increasing that of <i>Lactobacillus</i> and <i>Muribaculaceae</i> (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). The results of this study indicated that RBPs can also be used as bioactive substances in marine drugs or functional foods to alleviate CKD.</p>","PeriodicalId":15802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Biochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140266562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of Brewing Process Vine Tea and Flavor Analysis of Different Brewing Processes","authors":"Li Wang,&nbsp;Hua Zhang,&nbsp;Min Xie,&nbsp;Jianfeng Wan,&nbsp;Jiaxing Li,&nbsp;Si Yang,&nbsp;Yulu Li,&nbsp;Qin Zhang,&nbsp;Zhiyong Liu,&nbsp;Yaokun Xiong","doi":"10.1155/2024/8858457","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/8858457","url":null,"abstract":"<p>As a traditional Chinese medicine with the dual use of medicine and food, vine tea has been utilized for centuries as a daily health beverage due to its various health benefits. The primary component responsible for its biological activity is its total flavonoid content. While numerous studies have been conducted on the extracts of vine tea, research has primarily centered on its ingredients and effects, with limited focus on its sensory characteristics. As it has the problems of the undesirable flavor of bitterness and astringency, the development of the vine tea industry is limited. Furthermore, there is currently no standardized brewing process for vine tea. Therefore, it is essential to find a brewing method that is universally applicable and balances a high level of active ingredients with a rich sensory experience. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive investigation into the impact of various water qualities, tea-water ratios, brewing temperatures, steeping times, and frequencies on the total flavonoid content. To investigate the differences between samples from different brewing methods, one-factor experiments (<i>n</i> = 20) and orthogonal experiments were conducted. The total flavonoid content was measured using UV spectrophotometry. To thoroughly examine the flavor compounds, we employed mathematical relationship analysis, radar-gram analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), and odor fingerprinting. By integrating these methods with the electronic tongue and electronic nose, we were able to compare the flavor variances between samples and offer a concise analysis of the flavor compounds. The brewing process is influenced by several factors, with the tea-to-water ratio having the most significant impact, followed by brewing temperature and then brewing time. Electronic tongues and electronic noses can distinguish vine tea samples with different brewing processes to a certain extent. The optimal brewing conditions determined in this study were pure water, a 1 : 50 tea-to-water ratio, an 85°C brewing temperature, an 8-minute brewing time, and a single brew cycle. These conditions produced the highest total flavonoid content in the vine tea, at 326.8 mg/g, and the best flavor quality. This study offers novel approaches to standardize the brewing process of vine tea, along with valuable perspectives for enhancing the sensory attributes of the tea. It can serve as a benchmark for the industry’s future growth in the canning of vine tea, facilitating the creation of diverse vine tea drinks.</p>","PeriodicalId":15802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Biochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140091203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Liquid-State Fermented Ganoderma lucidum GANO99 Regulates Gut Microbiota and Concomitantly Modulates the Behavioral Deficits and Neurohistopathological Hallmarks of Alzheimer’s Disease in a Preclinical Transgenic Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease","authors":"Wei-Jen Chen,&nbsp;Yu-Shan Wei,&nbsp;Hsin-I. Lo,&nbsp;Hui-Fang Chu,&nbsp;Ming-Chung Tseng,&nbsp;Bao-Hong Lee,&nbsp;Tang-Long Shen","doi":"10.1155/2024/6676977","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/6676977","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Amyloid beta (A<i>β</i>) is a neuropathological hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Oxidative stress promotes intracellular accumulation of A<i>β</i> in patients with AD. The effects of liquid-state fermentation products of <i>Ganoderma lucidum</i> without mycelia on AD improvement or prevention have not been reported. Therefore, this study aimed to determine whether the liquid-state fermented products of <i>G</i>. <i>lucidum</i> GANO99 can alter AD pathology in the brains of APP^{NL-G-F/NL-G-F} model mice. Our results suggest that these products promote the expression of superoxide dismutase and inhibit the expression of A<i>β</i> and glial fibrillary acidic protein, thereby affecting behavioral, learning, and memory disorders in AD mice. In contrast, <i>G. lucidum</i> GANO99 may regulate the gut microbiota to improve AD pathology. Furthermore, these liquid-state fermented products increased the abundance of intestinal probiotics <i>Bifidobacterium</i> in AD mice. Clinical evidence suggests that these lactic acid bacteria can alleviate AD. Overall, the liquid-state fermented products of <i>G. lucidum</i> GANO99 can act as symbionts by reducing the fermentative role of intestinal microbes and chemo-heterotrophy in AD mice.</p>","PeriodicalId":15802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Biochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140089870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Heat Treatment on Structure and Processing Characteristics of Donkey Milk Whey Protein","authors":"Weixuan Li,&nbsp;Mingming Wei,&nbsp;Yujing Zhao,&nbsp;Leyuan Li,&nbsp;Chong Ning,&nbsp;Fengqing Hu","doi":"10.1155/2024/5598462","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/5598462","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Donkey milk is nutritionally rich and has low allergenicity; thus, whey protein derived from donkey milk is a suitable hypoallergenic alternative. However, the temperature during pasteurisation considerably influences the structure and processing characteristics of whey proteins. We found that donkey milk has poor thermal stability; the secondary structure of the whey proteins loosened and became disordered as the temperature increased. In addition, exposing tryptophan and tyrosine to an external polar environment changed the tertiary structure. High-temperature and long-duration heat treatments significantly affected the processing properties, such as emulsification, foaming, and rheological properties. However, a short treatment at approximately 85°C improved the processing properties. Therefore, we recommend that donkey milk be processed at temperatures no higher than this temperature to maintain the beneficial qualities of the whey proteins and provide a reference for processing donkey milk products.</p>","PeriodicalId":15802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Biochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140408326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and Nutritional Evaluation of Ready-to-Drink Beverage Using the Choongan (Caralluma tuberculata L.) Extract","authors":"Nabia Noor,&nbsp;Ghulam Mueen Ud Din,&nbsp;Muhammad Nadeem,&nbsp;Tahir Mahmood Qureshi,&nbsp;Waseem Khalid,&nbsp;Muhammad Ather Nadeem,&nbsp;Aqsa Iqbal,&nbsp;Faiqa Malik,&nbsp;Ammar AL-Farga,&nbsp;Faisal Aqlan","doi":"10.1155/2024/8831525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/8831525","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The present study aimed to develop ready-to-drink (RTD) beverage using the choongan (<i>Caralluma tuberculata</i> L.) extract and further to evaluate antioxidant potential and mineral estimation of the prepared RTD. The stem of <i>Caralluma tuberculata</i> was used to further isolate and purify the powder. Then, <i>C. tuberculata</i> powder was utilized in the formulation of beverages. All the treatments observed a decreasing trend for acidity, total soluble solids, total phenols, total antioxidant activity, total flavonoids, DPPH radical scavenging activity, and viscosity during storage whilst pH showed an increasing trend. It was observed that <i>Caralluma</i> RTD contained increasing trend of phytochemicals by increasing contents of the <i>Caralluma</i> extract. The same trend was also observed regarding all the mineral contents investigated in the present study. The treatment <i>T</i>₄ (<i>Caralluma</i> RTD having 1.5 g <i>C. tuberculata</i> powder) showed the maximum values regarding phytochemicals as well as minerals. The microbial counts (log₁₀ CFU/mL) for all the treatments increased during storage. Even though <i>T</i>₄ showed promising results regarding phytochemicals and minerals, <i>T</i>₁ showed the maximum sensory score even after 21 days of storage.</p>","PeriodicalId":15802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Biochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141164919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-Inflammatory Effects and Immunomodulatory Efficacy of Unitein (Fermented Glycine max, Panax ginseng, and Chenpi Mixture) in RAW 264.7 Macrophages and Mice Splenocytes along with Component Analysis","authors":"Kyunghwa Lee,&nbsp;Yanni Pan,&nbsp;YeonJun Lee,&nbsp;WoonSeo Song,&nbsp;Kun-Young Park","doi":"10.1155/2024/9998250","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/9998250","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Inflammation and the immune system are intricately linked, with the immune system serving as a vital defense mechanism in the human body. Consequently, there is great emphasis placed on the regulation of both the body’s inflammatory response and the immune system. This study investigated the anti-inflammatory properties and immunomodulatory effects of Unitein (fermented <i>Glycine max</i>, <i>Panax ginseng</i>, and chenpi mixture) in both RAW 264.7 macrophages and mice splenocytes while also comprehensively analyzing its components. To this end, the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was employed to evaluate the cytotoxicity of the samples to RAW 264.7 cells. The Griess assay was utilized to determine nitrite concentrations, while the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was employed to assess the levels of inflammation-related cytokines in RAW 264.7 cells and isolated mouse splenocytes. Additionally, quantitative polymerase chain reaction was employed to quantify the mRNA expression of inflammation-related genes in the cells, while the lactate dehydrogenase assay was used to analyze natural killer (NK) cell activity. Our results revealed that Unitein exhibited no toxicity to RAW 264.7 cells at concentrations below 1.5 mg/mL. However, Unitein effectively suppressed the release of proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-<i>α</i>, interleukin (IL)-1<i>β</i>, IL-6, and interferon (IFN)-<i>γ</i>, as well as enzymes COX-2 and iNOS from RAW 264.7 cells, while concurrently promoting the release of anti-inflammatory cytokines I<i>κ</i>B-<i>α</i>, IL-10, and IL-4. Furthermore, Unitein inhibited the increase in TNF-<i>α</i>, IL-1<i>β</i>, IFN-<i>γ</i>, IL-12, nuclear factor (NF)-<i>κ</i>B p50, NF-<i>κ</i>B p65, and iNOS induced by lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) in isolated mouse splenocytes. Notably, Unitein also exhibited the potential to stimulate NK cell activity. Metabolite analysis indicated that Unitein contained more active compounds with anti-inflammatory and immunity-enhancing properties than did unfermented Unitein. This study highlights the potential therapeutic role of Unitein in mitigating inflammation and enhancing immune responses, thereby deepening our understanding of its biological activities and underlying mechanisms. These findings underscore the significance of Unitein as a potential candidate for the development of novel anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":15802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Biochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140408709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}