Journal of Food Biochemistry最新文献

{"title":"Multiparameter Characterization of Vietnamese Rubber and Melaleuca Honey: Volatiles, Minerals, Sugars, and Pollen","authors":"Thi Quynh Nhu Nguyen,&nbsp;Le Thi Hong Anh,&nbsp;Hoang Yen Vu,&nbsp;Vojtech Kruzik,&nbsp;Iveta Sistkova,&nbsp;Tereza Skorpilova,&nbsp;Maria Erika Borakova,&nbsp;Sinem Argun,&nbsp;Matej Pospiech,&nbsp;Helena Cizkova,&nbsp;Van Nguyen Tran","doi":"10.1155/jfbc/4468019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/jfbc/4468019","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study presents a comparative analysis of Vietnamese rubber (<i>Hevea brasiliensis</i>) and melaleuca (<i>Melaleuca cajuputi</i>) honeys, focusing on their pollen composition, physicochemical parameters, and volatile compound profiles. Melissopalynological analysis confirmed that both samples are monofloral, with dominant pollen types exceeding 45%. Rubber honey had a higher total pollen count and a more limited variety of pollen types, while melaleuca honey showed greater pollen diversity. Good manufacturing practice and quality indicators, such as moisture content, free acidity, and electrical conductivity (EC), were generally consistent across the samples. The moisture content averaged approximately 20.3%, marginally exceeding the Codex standard for honey. The free acidity levels adhered to established standards, with rubber honey measuring 24.5 ± 3.0 meq/kg and melaleuca honey at 22.5 ± 5.9 meq/kg. EC was comparable between the samples, recording values of 49.1 and 49.0 mS/m, respectively, both below the specified threshold for nectar honey. Freshness markers indicated low levels of hydroxymethylfurfural, with rubber honey at 8.6 ± 9.0 mg/kg and melaleuca honey at 9.7 ± 13.9 mg/kg. Diastase activity was higher in rubber honey (20.3 ± 3.9) compared to melaleuca honey (13.5 ± 2.5). The color appeared varied, with melaleuca measuring 52.0 ± 18.1 mm and rubber measuring 82.3 ± 15.1 mm (Pfund). Analysis of volatile compounds indicated that melaleuca honey possesses a more intricate chemical and aromatic profile, with methyl salicylate, terpinen-4-ol, and linalool oxides exerting significant influence on the classification of melaleuca samples. Conversely, isophorone and its derivatives appear to significantly impact rubber honey positioning. These results highlight the importance of volatile profiling for honey authentication and quality assurance.</p>","PeriodicalId":15802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Biochemistry","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/jfbc/4468019","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148166912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antilipogenic Effect of Cirsium japonicum var. maackii According to Harvest Time and Plant Part in High-Fat Diet-Induced Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease","authors":"Yeon-Ji Kim,&nbsp;Ki Mo Kim,&nbsp;Seung-Hyung Kim,&nbsp;Sanghyun Lee,&nbsp;Jin Won Hyun,&nbsp;Ki-Shuk Shim,&nbsp;Taesoo Kim,&nbsp;Kyungho Kim,&nbsp;Sungwook Chae","doi":"10.1155/jfbc/3260026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/jfbc/3260026","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The global rise in obesity has been closely linked to an increasing incidence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a major metabolic disorder. In this study, we evaluated the lipid-lowering and hepatoprotective effects of <i>Cirsium japonicum</i> var. maackii (CJ) harvested at different times, spring (CJ-sp), fall (CJ-fall), and from pappus (CJ-pap), a tuft of bristles in CJ, in a high-fat diet (HFD) mouse model. Male C57BL/6 mice were assigned to either a normal control diet (NOR) or HFD, with treatment groups receiving CJ-sp, CJ-fall, CJ-pap (100 and 200 mg/kg), cirsimaritin (Cirsi, 25 mg/kg), or milk thistle (MT, 100 mg/kg). Administration of the CJ extract markedly reduced body weight gain, food efficiency ratio (FER), and serum lipid parameters compared with the HFD control (CTL). Among the extracts, CJ-sp and CJ-pap most effectively alleviated hepatic steatosis, as evidenced by decreased fat deposition and reduced inflammatory changes in liver tissue. In addition, CJ-treated mice displayed significantly lower white adipose tissue mass and smaller adipocyte size than CTL mice. These improvements were associated with the downregulation of hepatic lipogenic genes and activation of fatty acid oxidation pathways. Collectively, CJ supplementation improved metabolic homeostasis and protected against HFD-induced obesity and liver dysfunction. Notably, CJ-sp and CJ-pap exerted greater efficacy than other CJ fractions or MT, suggesting their potential application as functional food ingredients for the prevention of NAFLD.</p>","PeriodicalId":15802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Biochemistry","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/jfbc/3260026","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148093085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Triterpenoid-Enriched Bitter Melon Leaf Extract Mitigates Hepatic Lipotoxicity and Necroptosis in Diet-Induced Obese Zebrafish","authors":"Mei-Ling Chang,&nbsp;Jia-Hui Cai,&nbsp;Tzu-Chieh Hsu,&nbsp;Yen-Tzu Tseng,&nbsp;I-Hsuan Liu","doi":"10.1155/jfbc/3734609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/jfbc/3734609","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is closely linked to obesity, lipid dysregulation, and hepatic oxidative stress. Wild bitter melon (WBM, <i>Momordica charantia</i> L. var. <i>abbreviata</i> Ser.) leaves contain triterpenoids that have demonstrated anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activities.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A diet-induced obesity (DIO) zebrafish model was established using a hyperphagic feeding regimen. The effects of a triterpenoid-enriched extract (TEE) derived from WBM leaves were evaluated. Metabolic parameters, hepatic lipid accumulation, oxidative stress markers, and gene expression profiles were analyzed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>TEE treatment significantly reduced fasting blood glucose and cholesterol levels without affecting body weight or body mass index. Hepatic lipid accumulation and triglyceride levels were markedly decreased, accompanied by downregulation of genes associated with lipogenesis and cholesterol metabolism. TEE also reduced hepatic lipid peroxidation, as indicated by decreased thiobarbituric acid–reactive substances (TBARS), while reduced glutathione levels remained unchanged. In addition, expression of necroptosis-related genes was suppressed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>TEE exerts hepatoprotective effects in a zebrafish DIO model by improving lipid and glucose metabolism and attenuating lipid-associated oxidative damage. These findings highlight the potential of TEEs as natural interventions for MASLD and support the use of zebrafish as a model for studying metabolic improvements independent of weight reduction.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Biochemistry","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/jfbc/3734609","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148094879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hepatoprotective Effects of Cipollotto Nocerino Leaf Extract in HepG2 Cells: SIRT1-Mediated Regulation of Lipid Metabolism and Oxidative Stress","authors":"Maria Rosaria Miranda,&nbsp;Giovanna Aquino,&nbsp;Tania Ciaglia,&nbsp;Giuseppina Amodio,&nbsp;Manuela Giovanna Basilicata,&nbsp;Mario Felice Tecce,&nbsp;Vincenzo Vestuto,&nbsp;Pietro Campiglia,&nbsp;Michele Manfra,&nbsp;Giacomo Pepe","doi":"10.1155/jfbc/3782560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/jfbc/3782560","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Cipollotto Nocerino (<i>Allium cepa</i> L.), a Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) spring onion from the Campania region (Southern Italy), yields leaves that are a neglected agri-food by-product, typically discarded despite their rich phytochemical profile, and remain largely unexplored, particularly regarding their potential to counteract hepatic steatosis. This study evaluated the hepatoprotective activity of a CN leaf alcoholic extract in HepG2 cells exposed to oleic acid (OA) and palmitic acid (PA) to induce steatosis, in both two- and three-dimensional culture systems. UHPLC-HRMS/MS analysis revealed a complex phytochemical profile comprising polar and apolar lipids, chlorophylls, carotenoids, and flavonoids. These metabolites, known to regulate oxidative stress, inflammation, and lipid metabolism, likely mediate CN’s protective effects against lipotoxicity. In HepG2 cells, CN markedly improved cell viability, attenuated lipid droplet accumulation, restored redox balance, alleviated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, preserved mitochondrial membrane potential, and reduced inflammation markers. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) expression and activity were enhanced by CN in the presence of OA/PA, and the pharmacological modulation confirmed its partial involvement in these protective effects. These findings demonstrate that CN counteracts free fatty acid–induced lipotoxicity through an integrated mechanism targeting lipid metabolism, oxidative and ER stress, mitochondrial function, and inflammation, with SIRT1 activation acting as a central, although not exclusive, mediator supporting its potential as a promising, sustainable nutraceutical for the prevention or adjunct management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":15802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Biochemistry","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/jfbc/3782560","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148094884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of Functional Corn Silk Beverages: Impact of Fermentation, Drying, and Infusion Methods on Bioactive and Sensory Attributes","authors":"Durratul Zanan Aunu,&nbsp;Shumia Islam Shampa,&nbsp;Rubayat Binte Amir Santa,&nbsp;Nushrat Yeasmen,&nbsp;Md. Hafizur Rahman Bhuiyan,&nbsp;Poly Karmoker,&nbsp;M. Wakilur Rahman,&nbsp;Mohammed Gulzarul Aziz","doi":"10.1155/jfbc/8900398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/jfbc/8900398","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Corn silk is an underutilized agricultural byproduct rich in bioactive compounds, yet its application in functional beverages is limited by poor extractability, processing losses, and suboptimal sensory quality. This study investigated the combined effects of lactic acid fermentation, drying methods, and infusion conditions on the nutritional, phytochemical, structural, and sensory attributes of cornsilk-based beverages. Corn silk was fermented using lactic acid bacteria and subsequently processed by sun drying, steamed vacuum drying, fermented sun drying, or fermented vacuum drying, followed by preparation of hot and cold infusions. Fermentation coupled with vacuum drying significantly enhanced protein, ash, and vitamin C contents while reducing moisture and fat. Microstructural (SEM) and FTIR analyses revealed matrix loosening and protein conformational changes that favored phytochemical release. Fermented vacuum-dried samples, particularly cold infusions, exhibited the highest total phenolic and flavonoid contents and strongest antioxidant activity. Sensory evaluation showed superior color, flavor, and overall acceptability for fermented vacuum-dried infusions. Overall, fermentation combined with oxygen-limited drying proved most effective for developing high-quality functional corn silk beverages.</p>","PeriodicalId":15802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Biochemistry","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/jfbc/8900398","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148094878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutritional Composition, Phenolic Constituents, and Antioxidant Activity of the Edible Desert Truffle Terfezia claveryi (Chatin)","authors":"Onur Bulut,&nbsp;Osman Altunbaş,&nbsp;Çağla Sönmez","doi":"10.1155/jfbc/4824933","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/jfbc/4824933","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The edible desert truffle, <i>Terfezia claveryi,</i> is a highly valued wild macrofungal species native to the semiarid regions of Central Anatolia. This study provides molecular identification and a comprehensive biochemical evaluation of <i>T. claveryi</i>, using lyophilized material to assess its nutritional composition, phenolic profile, and antioxidant potential. Proximate analysis revealed high carbohydrate (69.93 ± 1.69%) and moderate protein (13.8 ± 0.55%) contents, a low lipid level (3.45 ± 0.14%), and notably high vitamin C concentration (86.90 ± 0.33 mg 100 g⁻¹ DW). Linoleic (C18:2%, 67.63%), oleic (C18:1%, 17.29%), and palmitic (C16:0%, 10.81%) acids predominated in the fatty acid profile. Amino acid analysis showed an exceptionally high lysine proportion (30.9% of total amino acids) and an essential-to-nonessential amino acid ratio (1.64) exceeding the FAO/WHO reference value, indicating superior protein quality. Mycotoxins were not detected using chromatographic methods, confirming the safety of the samples. Solvent extracts of lyophilized <i>T. claveryi</i> were prepared using methanol–water and acetone–water mixtures at varying ratios, as well as ethyl acetate and hexane. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were highest in aqueous methanol and acetone extracts, which also exhibited strong radical scavenging and reducing activities in DPPH, FRAP, and ABTS assays. RP-HPLC analysis identified gallic acid, rutin, quercetin, and vanillic acid as major phenols, “with gallic acid being predominant” (154.81 ± 5.50 μg g⁻¹ DW). A strong correlation (<i>R</i>² <i> </i>&gt;<i> </i>0.95; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) was observed between phenolic content and antioxidant capacity. Overall, <i>T. claveryi</i> represents a safe, nutrient-rich, and phenolic-dense functional food with significant potential to complement lysine-deficient cereal-based diets.</p>","PeriodicalId":15802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Biochemistry","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/jfbc/4824933","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148088975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to “Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Defatted Rice Bran (Oryza Sativa L.) Protein Hydrolysates on Raw 264.7 Macrophage Cells”","authors":"","doi":"10.1155/jfbc/9782308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/jfbc/9782308","url":null,"abstract":"<p>T. Saisavoey, P. Sangtanoo, O. Reamtong, and A. Karnchanatat, “Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Defatted Rice Bran (<i>Oryza Sativa</i> L.) Protein Hydrolysates on Raw 264.7 Macrophage Cells,” <i>Journal of Food Biochemistry</i>, 2016, no. 40, 731–740, https://doi.org/10.1111/jfbc.12266.</p><p>In the article titled “Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Defatted Rice Bran (<i>Oryza Sativa</i> L.) Protein Hydrolysates on Raw 264.7 Macrophage Cells,” an error occurred in Figures 4 and 5, where the figures were inadvertently interchanged during production. The corrected versions of Figures 4 and 5 are provided as follows:</p><p>We apologize for this error.</p>","PeriodicalId":15802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Biochemistry","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/jfbc/9782308","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148088029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green Coffee Bean Extract Mitigates Alzheimer’s Disease in Male Rats","authors":"Amal S. Abu-Almakarem,&nbsp;Othman R. Alzahrani,&nbsp;Rasha Abu-Khudir,&nbsp;S. R. Alassar,&nbsp;Karim Samy El-Said,&nbsp;Sahar Abdulrahman Alkhodair,&nbsp;Abeer A. Banjabi,&nbsp;Maha M. Al-Bazi,&nbsp;Maysa A. Mobasher,&nbsp;Mohamed Mostafa Soliman","doi":"10.1155/jfbc/5511502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/jfbc/5511502","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Green coffee bean extract (GCBE) has shown potential for antioxidants and anti-inflammation due to its rich composition of bioactive compounds and polyphenols that possess neuroprotective properties, which have been suggested to counteract neurodegenerative processes associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This study investigated the effect of GCBE treatment on aluminum chloride (AlCl₃)-induced AD in male rats. The pharmacokinetic properties of GCBE bioactive compounds were analyzed using the ADMET Lab 2.0 web servers, and molecular docking studies were performed using AutoDock Vina. Forty male Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into four equal groups; Group I was the negative control group; Group II received 250 mg/kg of GCBE (1/10 of LD₅₀) from the 25^th day to the 36^th day; Group III was given AlCl₃ (175 mg/kg) orally for 25 days, and Group IV was administered AlCl₃ for 25 days, like in Group III, and then treated with GCBE as in Group II. The results indicated that GCBE demonstrated promising phytochemical constituents with safe pharmacokinetic profiles. The LD₅₀ of GCBE was 2500 mg/kg b. wt. Behavioral assessments revealed significant improvement in cognitive performance in GCBE-treated rats compared with the untreated AD group. Biochemical analyses demonstrated that GCBE significantly reduced oxidative stress and inflammatory markers. Moreover, GCBE markedly upregulated the expression of protein kinase (Akt1), cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) indicating activation of neuroprotective signaling pathways. Histopathological examination further confirmed the protective effects of GCBE on hippocampal neuronal integrity. These findings suggest that GCBE exerted significant neuroprotective effects against AD, potentially through upregulation of the Akt/CREB/BDNF pathway, highlighting its potential as a promising therapeutic strategy for neurodegenerative disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":15802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Biochemistry","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/jfbc/5511502","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148084128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation, Structure, and Mechanism of Action of Bioactive Polysaccharides From Steamed Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua","authors":"Qiguo Wu,&nbsp;Jiao Hou,&nbsp;Changli Hu,&nbsp;Xueqing Chen,&nbsp;Zhi Chen,&nbsp;Ting Hu,&nbsp;Yeqing Hu","doi":"10.1155/jfbc/4896872","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/jfbc/4896872","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Polygonatum cyrtone</i>ma Hua (PCH) is valued for its dual medicinal and edible properties, largely due to its polysaccharide content. This study optimized the extraction of polysaccharide from steamed PCH (PSP) using response surface methodology (RSM). The optimal extraction conditions were determined as a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:15 g mL⁻¹, an extraction time of 60 min, and two rounds of decocting. In vitro assays showed that PSP exhibited dose-dependent antioxidant activity, with DPPH scavenging rates increasing from 36.87% to 61.80% and hydroxyl radical scavenging from 18.91% to 37.83% within 2–10 mg mL⁻¹. PSP also significantly enhanced RAW264.7 macrophage proliferation and phagocytosis at 25–1600 μg mL⁻¹ (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). To further elucidate the functional mechanisms underlying its immunomodulatory effects, transcriptomic analysis was performed. By comparing the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) common to the PSP vs. negative control (NC), lipopolysaccharide (LPS) vs. NC, and PSP vs. LPS groups, 172 genes were identified as important targets. Subsequent Gene Ontology (GO) annotation, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses revealed that PSP primarily modulates immune responses through the Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, with key targets including IL-1<i>β</i>, CCL5, CXCL10, and IRF7. Secondary regulatory mechanisms involve genes such as Ifi44, Isg15, and Rsad2, which are associated with pathways including TNF, IL-17, TLR, NF-<i>κ</i>B, and JAK-STAT. These findings provide a systematic understanding of the immunomodulatory mechanisms of PSP, supporting its potential as a functional ingredient in food and health products.</p>","PeriodicalId":15802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Biochemistry","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/jfbc/4896872","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148080062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Production, Characterization, and Assessment of Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Bioactive Protein Hydrolysates Derived From Hake (Merluccius merluccius) Coproducts","authors":"Hamza Belkhodja,&nbsp;Abderrahmane Remil,&nbsp;Mohammed Harir,&nbsp;Nadhem Aissani,&nbsp;Ferjani Zouidi,&nbsp;Fatima Belkhadem,&nbsp;Djilali Bouhadi","doi":"10.1155/jfbc/2622117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/jfbc/2622117","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study aims to produce and evaluate protein hydrolysates from <i>Merluccius merluccius</i> coproducts using enzymatic, acid, and alkaline methods. Their functional, spectroscopic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties were assessed. Antioxidant potential was determined using DPPH radical scavenging and iron reduction assays. At the same time, anti-inflammatory potential was evaluated through protein denaturation inhibition and antihemolytic tests against hydrogen peroxide–induced lysis. Functional analysis showed that the enzymatic hydrolysate exhibited superior properties compared to acid and alkaline hydrolysates. It achieved the highest extraction yield (6.93 ± 1.46%) compared with the acid (6.23 ± 0.33%) and alkaline (5.91 ± 1.75%) methods. Infrared spectroscopy confirmed the presence of characteristic amide peaks (A, B, I, II, and III) in all hydrolysates. Regarding bioactivity, the enzymatic hydrolysate displayed the strongest DPPH radical scavenging capacity (74.86 ± 0.43%), whereas the acid hydrolysate showed the highest iron-reducing power. In anti-inflammatory assays, the enzymatic hydrolysate demonstrated the most significant inhibition of protein denaturation (84.02 ± 0.24%), surpassing acid (71.66 ± 1.11%) and alkaline (64.56 ± 0.33%) hydrolysates. Overall, enzymatic hydrolysis of <i>M. merluccius</i> coproducts produced hydrolysates with enhanced functional, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities, highlighting their potential as bioactive ingredients.</p>","PeriodicalId":15802,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Biochemistry","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/jfbc/2622117","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148077786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}