Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Benzalkonium chloride and polyhexanide disinfectant (F10 SC) requires off-label use for environmental disinfection to be effective against Nannizziopsis guarroi","authors":"Varun Seth, Laura Adamovicz, Krista A Keller","doi":"10.1053/j.jepm.2024.01.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1053/j.jepm.2024.01.005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15801,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine","volume":"97 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139827792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of intramuscular alfaxalone as a sedative for thoracic radiographic positioning in companion rats (Rattus norvegicus)","authors":"Julianne E. McCready ,&nbsp;Alison A. Smith ,&nbsp;Pratyaydipta Rudra ,&nbsp;Brynn McCleery","doi":"10.1053/j.jepm.2024.01.009","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.jepm.2024.01.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Alfaxalone is used in laboratory and companion rodents for sedation and anesthesia. The purpose of this study was to determine if 5 mg/kg alfaxalone administered intramuscularly provides safe and effective sedation for radiography in client-owned rats.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Eleven rats were recruited. Heart rate, respiratory rate, and rectal temperature were measured prior to and during sedation. Reflexes (forelimb withdrawal, hind limb withdrawal, tail pinch, ear flick) were evaluated. Induction, sedation, and recovery quality were scored. Sedation depth was scored by 3 different observers based on video recordings. Ten minutes post-injection, thoracic radiographs were obtained.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Nine rats were healthy, while two had mild respiratory signs. The mean (95% confidence interval [CI]) time to first effect was 3 (95%CI 1.3–4.7) minutes. Duration of sedation was 21.6 (95%CI 17.3–25.8) minutes. Vitals remained within clinically acceptable limits. Mild, self-limiting tremoring was noted in 3/11 rats. Reflexes tended to be preserved but were occasionally decreased or absent in some rats. Induction and recovery quality were very smooth in most rats. Radiographs were able to be performed in all rats. The time from radiographs to recovery was 4.7 (95%CI 1.4–8.1) minutes.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions and clinical relevance</h3><p>Alfaxalone had rapid onset and recovery. It was effective for radiographic positioning, but an additional sedative could be considered in healthy rats to provide greater sedation depth and duration. The protocol appeared safe in a very small sample size of clinically ill rats, but further research is needed to confirm safety.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15801,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine","volume":"48 ","pages":"Pages 50-55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139663009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vesicular gland infection caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa with secondary prostatitis in a guinea pig (Cavia porcellus)","authors":"Leon Picazo ,&nbsp;Ayla Del Romero ,&nbsp;Jorge Rosell ,&nbsp;Jordi Aguilo-Gisbert","doi":"10.1053/j.jepm.2024.01.002","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.jepm.2024.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15801,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine","volume":"48 ","pages":"Pages 20-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139375456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of In Vitro blood compatibility of the domestic ferret (Mustela putorious furo) with feline and canine blood","authors":"Typhanie Tan ,&nbsp;Isabelle Langlois ,&nbsp;Marie-Claude Blais","doi":"10.1053/j.jepm.2023.11.002","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.jepm.2023.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Numerous diseases may result in severe anemia requiring transfusion in ferrets (<span><em>Mustela putorius</em><em> furo</em></span><span>). Intraspecies pretransfusion compatibility assessment is not required given that ferrets do not have blood groups. However, in emergency situations where allotransfusion can be unachievable, xenotransfusion with feline<span> or canine blood may be considered as a life-saving procedure. This study aims to determine the </span></span><em>in vitro</em> compatibility of ferrets with feline or canine blood through investigation of crossmatch compatibility.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p><span>Ten transfusion-naive ferrets, five cats (all type A), and five </span>dogs (three Dog Erythrocyte Antigen (DEA) 1+ and two DEA 1-) were enrolled. All ferrets were crossmatched against each other, and against all cats and dogs, using a standardized gel column technology.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Nearly all ferrets (89 of 90 compatible crossmatches) were compatible with each other, one presenting a weakly positive autocontrol and weakly positive incompatibility reaction to another ferret. All ferrets had naturally occurring alloantibodies against all feline red blood cell (RBC) tested (50 of 50 incompatible crossmatches). Blood compatibility to canine RBC was variable: while most ferrets were compatible to all dogs (7 of 10), two had alloantibodies against all canine RBC, and one was incompatible to one dog (total 11 of 50 incompatibles crossmatches). In contrast, except for 1 crossmatch between one dog and one ferret, all minor crossmatches were positive (99 of 100 incompatibles crossmatches), demonstrating the presence of alloantibodies in cats and dogs against ferret RBC.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions and clinical relevance</h3><p>Based on blood compatibility assessment, transfusions between ferrets should be preferred. If not possible, xenotransfusion with crossmatched-compatible canine packed RBC (as opposed to whole blood) can be considered.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15801,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine","volume":"48 ","pages":"Pages 6-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135764171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of neurologic testing in guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus)","authors":"Josephine Dietzel ,&nbsp;Thomas Grochow ,&nbsp;Irene C. Böttcher","doi":"10.1053/j.jepm.2023.12.002","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.jepm.2023.12.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Specialized literature provides very little information on performing and interpreting clinical neurological tests on guinea pigs.</p></div><div><h3>Study description</h3><p>Two neurologists performed separate neurological examinations<span> of 25 guinea pigs. The structure of the examination was like those performed in other companion animals. Each test was evaluated for feasibility, reproducibility, and associated stress level for the animals.</span></p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The foll wing tests revealed an excellent ability to elicit the expected response: hopping reaction in the thoracic limbs, wheelbarrowing and hemiwalking, medial and lateral palpebral reflex, auricular sensitivity, maxillary sensitivity, horizontal oculocephalic reflex, tone of the jaw, voluntary movement of the tongue, direct pupillary light reflex. On the other hand, a poor ability to elicit the expected response was observed in the following tests: visual paw replacement of the thoracic limbs, tactile paw replacement in thoracic and pelvic limbs, paper test for thoracic and pelvic limbs, mandibular sensitivity, vertical oculocephalic reflex, menace response, patellar reflex, cutaneous trunci reflex, perineal reflex. The most reliable spinal reflex test with a good ability to elicit the expected response was the withdrawal reflex for both thoracic and pelvic limbs.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion and relevance</h3><p>It is possible to apply several neurological tests on guinea pigs and produce meaningful results. Therefore, we propose a possible protocol for neurological examination in guinea pigs. This is the first study to evaluate a full range of clinical neurological tests performed on guinea pigs. The results of this study could lead to a better understanding of lesion localization and guide further diagnostic and therapy in guinea pigs with neurological diseases.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15801,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine","volume":"48 ","pages":"Pages 31-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138687523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Avian & Exotic News","authors":"","doi":"10.1053/j.jepm.2024.01.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1053/j.jepm.2024.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15801,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine","volume":"48 ","pages":"Pages 41-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139935591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiographic, ultrasonographic, and computed tomographic characteristics of a diaphragmatic liposarcoma in a meerkat (Suricata suricatta) with a splenorenal shunt","authors":"Chang-eun Lee ,&nbsp;Junemoe Jeong ,&nbsp;Kichang Lee ,&nbsp;Hakyoung Yoon","doi":"10.1053/j.jepm.2023.12.003","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.jepm.2023.12.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p><span><span>Liposarcomas<span> are malignant tumors of the adipose tissue that are locally invasive and have a high recurrence rate but low metastatic potential in </span></span>dogs<span><span> and cats. </span>Portosystemic shunts (PSS) are abnormal blood vessels in which the portal system bypasses the liver and connects to the systemic </span></span>vascular system. To date, there have been no reports of abdominal liposarcoma or PSS in meerkats. We aimed to report the imaging features of abdominal liposarcoma in a meerkat with a splenorenal shunt and detail the surgical procedure for liposarcoma removal, histopathologic findings, and follow-up care.</p></div><div><h3>Case description</h3><p>A 3-year-old spayed female meerkat (<span><em>Suricata suricatta</em></span><span><span>) without clear clinical symptoms was brought to the animal hospital for a checkup. A mass was observed between the right lobe of the liver and the diaphragm using several imaging modalities. The mass appeared radiolucent on radiography, partially hyperechoic on ultrasonography, heterogeneously attenuated with a fat-like area on </span>computed tomography<span> (CT), and was histopathologically diagnosed as a liposarcoma. Additionally, a mildly radiopaque structure caudal to the left kidney was observed on radiography and as a tubular vessel on ultrasonography, and a splenorenal shunt originating from the splenic vein and terminating in the left renal vein was confirmed on CT. There were no remarkable findings during the follow-up 7 months after surgery.</span></span></p></div><div><h3>Conclusions and case relevance</h3><p>We describe the imaging features of a meerkat with an abdominal liposarcoma and a splenorenal shunt. In cases of abdominal heterogeneous attenuated masses with fat-like areas on CT in meerkats, liposarcoma should be included in the differential diagnosis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15801,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine","volume":"48 ","pages":"Pages 13-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138692906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of a commercial oral moxidectin plus praziquantel combination for treatment of the respiratory nematode Crenosoma striatum in rescued Southern white-breasted hedgehogs (Erinaceus concolor)","authors":"Nitzan Adam,&nbsp;David Eshar","doi":"10.1053/j.jepm.2023.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.jepm.2023.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p><em>Crenosoma striatum</em><span> lungworm infestation is common in many free-ranging hedgehogs. This report describes the clinical experience when using a commercial moxidectin/praziquantel combination against natural </span><em>C. striatum</em> infestation in rescued Southern white-breasted hedgehogs (<span><em>Erinaceus</em><em> concolor</em></span>).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>In total, 24 hedgehogs received a commercial moxidectin/praziquantel combination at 1.2 mg per kg and 7.0 mg per kg bodyweight orally after showing <em>C. striatum</em> larvae in their feces. Weekly fecal rechecks were performed over 4 weeks.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>There were no apparent adverse responses, and nearly all treated hedgehogs (96%) had increased their body weights before their release to the wild. When compared to their initial positive check, none of the treated hedgehogs had showed <em>C. striatum</em> larvae in their last fecal recheck.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion and Clinical Relevance</h3><p>Based on our observations, a single oral administration of moxidectin/praziquantel is safe and effective for treatment of <em>C. striatum</em> lungworm infestation in Southern white-breasted hedgehogs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15801,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine","volume":"48 ","pages":"Pages 17-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138516922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of a plasma retinol reference interval in leopard geckos (Eublepharis macularius)","authors":"Brandon J. Louth ,&nbsp;J. Jill Heatley ,&nbsp;McAllister Council-Troche","doi":"10.1053/j.jepm.2024.01.007","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.jepm.2024.01.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Leopard geckos (<em>Eublepharis macularius</em>) are a popular captive bred species of reptile in the exotic pet trade that are commonly seen for clinical presentations consistent with hypovitaminosis A. There has been a lack of antemortem diagnostics available for minimally invasive and appropriate diagnosis of this disease. Reference intervals for retinol have not been published or validated in leopard geckos or any closely related species.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Plasma, with a sample volume of only 50 µl, from 40 healthy captive bred leopard geckos, 20 males and 20 females were analyzed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) to determine plasma retinol concentrations.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Using UPLC/MS analysis data was normally distributed and a reference interval for plasma retinol in the leopard gecko was 0.06 to 0.55µg/mL (0.01–0.08µmol/L). A mean of 0.31µg/mL with a lower limit 95% confidence interval being 0.03 to 0.10 µg/mL and upper limit of 0.52 to 0.59 µg/mL. No significant variations of plasma retinol were found based on gecko color morph, age or weight. Female leopard geckos had a slightly higher mean plasma retinol compared to males, but was not significantly different.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance</h3><p>This study will allow veterinary clinicians to better diagnose and treat hypovitaminosis A and to provide advice on dietary supplementation and dietary improvement for the leopard gecko and possibly other gecko species as well. In addition, these values can be used to design and evaluate other studies for nutritional needs of this species. Limitations of this study include only a single season of collection, no same time comparison to liver values, and the evaluation of only captive bred individuals.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15801,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine","volume":"48 ","pages":"Pages 43-49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139663085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visualization of radiographic mineral opacities in guinea pigs in the location of the bulbourethral glands may be underdiagnosed","authors":"Amanda D. Wong ,&nbsp;Krista A. Keller ,&nbsp;Anthony J. Cerreta ,&nbsp;Kirstin Cook ,&nbsp;Joanna K. Webb ,&nbsp;Kenneth R. Welle ,&nbsp;Martha A. Delaney ,&nbsp;Audrey Billhymer","doi":"10.1053/j.jepm.2023.12.001","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.jepm.2023.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p><span>Pathology of male guinea pig accessory sex glands is minimally described. Mineral opacities caudal to the pelvis were identified during evaluation of two index cases presenting with </span>urinary<span> signs. The objective of this study was to identify the prevalence of this radiographic finding, suspected to be bulbourethral glands, and to describe associated clinical signs.</span></p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p><span>A retrospective review of medical records from a single academic institution was performed identifying male guinea pigs with abdominal radiographs, abdominal computed tomography, and/or </span>necropsy. Available imaging studies were evaluated for mineral opacities caudal to the pelvis and necropsy reports were reviewed. Medical case histories meeting the inclusion criteria were summarized.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Six cases met the inclusion criteria, with a prevalence of 5.17% (6/116) amongst male guinea pigs with abdominal imaging that included the soft tissues caudal to the pelvis. Collimation of 25% (28/112) of radiographic studies and 50% (4/8) of computed tomographic studies excluded this region. One necropsy report (3.23%, 1/31) during the study period evaluated the accessory sex glands. The most common clinical signs in identified cases were hematuria (66.7%, 4/6) and stranguria (50%, 3/6).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions and clinical relevance</h3><p>The clinical significance of radiographic mineralization in the vicinity of the bulbourethral glands is unknown. This radiographic finding may be underreported due to collimation practices which may exclude the soft tissues caudal to the pelvis. Purposeful evaluation of these organs should be performed during imaging and necropsy evaluation to screen and develop better understanding of the clinical significance of this radiographic finding.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15801,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine","volume":"48 ","pages":"Pages 25-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139035179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}