Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Pharmacokinetics and innocuity of a single dose of intravenous, intramuscular, and subcutaneous methadone in the domestic rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)","authors":"Julie Pujol ,&nbsp;Claire Vergneau-Grosset ,&nbsp;Francis Beaudry ,&nbsp;Fleur Gaudette ,&nbsp;Annabelle Vigneault ,&nbsp;Inga-Catalina Cruz Benedetti","doi":"10.1053/j.jepm.2023.08.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1053/j.jepm.2023.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p><span>This study describes the pharmacokinetics<span> and adverse effects of methadone in six healthy female New Zealand white rabbits (</span></span><span><em>Oryctolagus cuniculus</em></span>).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>In a randomized crossover study, methadone was administered at 0.3 mg/kg intravenously (IV), 0.6 mg/kg intramuscularly (IM), and 1 mg/kg subcutaneously (SC), with 10-day washout periods. The same catheter was used for IV methadone administration and blood sampling. Plasma methadone concentrations were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry immediately before and up to 24 hours after drug administration. Respiratory rates and sedation scores were assessed at each timepoint. Food and water intake, stool, and urine outputs were quantified.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>For IV, IM, and SC routes, the median elimination half-life was 2.3, 3.4, and 5.8, hours, respectively. Median clearance was 1.5 L/h/kg and the volume of distribution was 4.1 L/kg for the IV route. Median bioavailability for IM and SC was 21.5% and 18.0% respectively. Median maximum plasma concentrations were 41.8 and 26.4 ng/mL at 0.2 and 0.4 hours after IM and SC administration, respectively. High interindividual variability was noted. At the doses tested, methadone did not cause sedation. Water intake was decreased immediately after, and food intake was decreased two days after methadone administration. No effects were noted on urine, fecal production, and respiratory rate.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions and clinical relevance</h3><p>At the doses administered, IV reached higher methadone plasmatic concentrations, followed by IM and SC. However, results obtained for the IV should be confirmed in future studies using different catheters for drug administration and blood collection. The minimum effective plasma concentration of methadone is unknown in rabbits; caution should therefore be used when extrapolating from other species. Further studies are warranted to evaluate the pharmacodynamics of methadone in rabbits.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15801,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine","volume":"47 ","pages":"Pages 41-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49901407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clostridium perfringens type A-associated disseminated necrogranulomas in a red-eyed crocodile skink (Tribolonotus gracilis)","authors":"Imogen L. Payne ,&nbsp;Rowena Killick ,&nbsp;Asia Bell ,&nbsp;Andrew F. Rich","doi":"10.1053/j.jepm.2023.08.005","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.jepm.2023.08.005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15801,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine","volume":"47 ","pages":"Pages 39-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48240016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Population pharmacokinetics of single dose oral pimobendan in the ferret (Mustela putorius furo)","authors":"Megan L. Cabot ,&nbsp;Mark G. Papich ,&nbsp;Tara M. Harrison ,&nbsp;Andrea E. Thomson ,&nbsp;Teresa DeFrancesco ,&nbsp;Sarah M. Ozawa","doi":"10.1053/j.jepm.2023.09.002","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.jepm.2023.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p><span>Therapeutic options and dosing recommendations for congestive heart failure in the domestic ferret are currently extrapolated from domestic dogs and </span>cats<span>. The goal of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetics of oral pimobendan in the domestic ferret.</span></p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Twelve domestic ferrets were administered a single dose (average 0.4 mg/kg) of pimobendan in a commercially available, chewable, meat-flavored tablet formulation. High-performance liquid chromatography and fluorescence detection were used to measure pimobendan and the metabolite O-desmethylpimobendan (ODMP) in plasma samples collected at 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 9, and 12 hours after administration using a sparse sampling protocol.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Pharmacokinetic parameters for pimobendan and ODMP were as follows: peak plasma concentration, 14.29 ng/mL and 16.88 ng/mL; time to peak plasma concentration, 1.69 hours and 1.97 hours; area under the curve, 129.87 ng*h/mL and 190.97 ng*h/mL; and elimination half-life, 4.97 hours and 6.32 hours, respectively. No adverse events were noted.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions and clinical relevance</h3><p>A single dose of oral pimobendan in ferrets reached concentrations higher than that reported for dogs by the manufacturer and similar to peak plasma concentrations correlated with a therapeutic effect in healthy dogs in a separate study. Individual variability was high and plasma concentrations in at least half of the ferrets remained at or below the lower limit of quantification throughout the duration of the study. Additional studies are needed to characterize the pharmacodynamics, oral bioavailability, and duration of action to facilitate dosing recommendations for pimobendan in the domestic ferret.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15801,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine","volume":"48 ","pages":"Pages 1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135638301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacokinetics and innocuity of a single dose of intravenous, intramuscular and subcutaneous methadone in domestic rabbit","authors":"Julie Pujol, C. Vergneau-Grosset, F. Beaudry, F. Gaudette, Annabelle Vigneault, Inga-Catalina Cruz Benedetti","doi":"10.1053/j.jepm.2023.08.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1053/j.jepm.2023.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15801,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41983310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anesthetic effects of dexmedomidine-ketamine sedation followed by isoflurane induction and maintenance in the Saker falcon (Falco cherrug)","authors":"Eugenio Gaudio, Cristiano Franceschinis, Peter McKinney, P. Azmanis","doi":"10.1053/j.jepm.2023.07.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1053/j.jepm.2023.07.004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15801,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47673126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Successful management of acinar adenocarcinoma by pulmonary lobectomy in a pet rabbit","authors":"L. Mercado, I. Desprez, F. Lafuma, D. Sarran, Julien Brune, Minh Huynh, J. Abadie, E. Risi","doi":"10.1053/j.jepm.2023.06.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1053/j.jepm.2023.06.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15801,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41460829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of two point of care lactate instruments in guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus)","authors":"Ivana H. Levy ,&nbsp;Alexa P. Spittler ,&nbsp;Kelly S. Santangelo ,&nbsp;Miranda J. Sadar","doi":"10.1053/j.jepm.2023.03.002","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.jepm.2023.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Lactate measurements have been utilized as diagnostic and prognostic tools for a variety of veterinary species. Reference intervals for lactate have not been published or validated in guinea pigs.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Whole blood from 48 anesthetized laboratory guinea pigs (46 Dunkin Hartley [38 males, eight females]; two Strain 13 [two males]) was analyzed using two point of care instruments (iSTAT and Lactate Plus). There were two consecutive timepoints on the iSTAT (iSTAT time 1 and time 2) and three consecutive timepoints on the Lactate Plus (Lactate Plus time 1, time 2, and time 3).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>There was agreement with no constant or proportional bias between the two instruments compared at equivalent timepoints (iSTAT time 1 and Lactate Plus time 3) as determined by Bland-Altman (bias: −0.19; 95% LoA: −0.55 to 0.16) and Deming linear regression analyses (slope: 1.092, 95% confidence intervals (CI): −0.9 to 1.29; y-intercept: 0.09, 95% CI: −0.12 to 0.30). Reference intervals for iSTAT time 1 were 0.49 to 1.83 mmol/L and Lactate Plus time 1 were 0.60 to. 2.2 mmol/L. There was a significant increase in lactate values from iSTAT time 1 to iSTAT time 2 and from Lactate Plus time 1 to Lactate Plus time 3.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance</h3><p><span>This study found strong agreement between the point of care instruments. Reference intervals for lactate for both the iSTAT and Lactate Plus instruments were similar to canine and </span>feline intervals. Analysis should occur within 5 minutes of sample collection. Future work should assess lactate as a prognostic indicator in guinea pigs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15801,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine","volume":"46 ","pages":"Pages 7-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44257567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ABSTRACTS Compiled and amended by Molly Gleeson DVM, DACZM","authors":"","doi":"10.1053/j.jepm.2023.05.001","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.jepm.2023.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15801,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine","volume":"46 ","pages":"Pages 38-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48497090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subcutaneous alfaxalone for sedation of the domestic ferret (Mustela putorius furo)","authors":"Michelle Yee ,&nbsp;Barbara Ambros ,&nbsp;Hugues Beaufrère ,&nbsp;Isabelle Desprez","doi":"10.1053/j.jepm.2023.03.005","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.jepm.2023.03.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Veterinary care of the domestic ferret often utilizes chemical restraint for venipuncture, radiographs, and ultrasonography<span><span>. Common forms of chemical restraint for ferrets include inhalant anesthetics and parenteral sedatives. Disadvantages of these forms of chemical restraint include adverse patient reaction and environmental contamination for inhalant anesthetics while small muscle mass and patient reactivity are challenging for intramuscular injections. </span>Alfaxalone<span> is a unique neurosteroid anesthetic that can be used as an induction agent intravenously and a sedative agent intramuscularly and subcutaneously. Subcutaneous injection appears to be well tolerated in small exotic species due to the increased volume the subcutaneous space can accommodate as well as the ease of administration.</span></span></p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p><span>A randomized, blinded, complete crossover study evaluating two doses (10 mg/kg and 12.5 mg/kg) of subcutaneous (SC) alfaxalone alone was performed in 10 clinically healthy ferrets (5 neutered males and 5 spayed females). Once alfaxalone was administered sedation scores (body posture, righting reflex, jaw tone, front limb withdrawal, and toe pinch) and vital parameters (heart rate, respiratory rate, rectal temperature, SpO</span>₂ and blood pressure) were evaluated at regular intervals.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Sedation characterized by the loss of righting reflex for more than ten minutes was observed in 90% of ferrets in both groups. The higher dose of alfaxalone (12.5 mg/kg) produced a statistically significant increase in the duration of sedation, as well as in the values of all sedation scores. Temperature significantly decreased over time for both groups, while SpO₂ and respiratory rate did not display any significant changes. At both doses, no cardiovascular depression was noted but there were significant increases in heart rate and blood pressure parameters.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Subcutaneous alfaxalone in ferrets produces adequate sedation characterized by the loss of righting reflex and easy limb manipulation with no significant adverse effects. This type of sedation is appropriate for noninvasive procedures such as a physical exam, ultrasonography, and radiographic positioning without manual restraint. The limitations for SC alfaxalone, as a sole sedative agent, include the variable range in times to onset and variable durations of sedation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15801,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine","volume":"46 ","pages":"Pages 12-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43899214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnosis and surgical management of intussusception in an axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum)","authors":"Sabrina Vieu ,&nbsp;Charlotte Coeuriot ,&nbsp;Laetitia Dorso ,&nbsp;Marion Fusellier","doi":"10.1053/j.jepm.2023.03.006","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.jepm.2023.03.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Intussusception diagnosis and surgical management in axolotls (<em>Ambystoma mexicanum)</em> is poorly documented.</p></div><div><h3>Case Description</h3><p><span>A client-owned, 5-year-old, sexually intact, female axolotl was presented for hyporexia of 4-week duration associated with regurgitation after feedings. Clinical examination showed lethargy, weight loss, and firm tissue at coelomic palpation. Coelomic ultrasonography was consistent with an intestinal intussusception. An exploratory coeliotomy was performed, followed by an intestinal resection and anastomosis of a thickened portion of intestinal loop. Following surgical excision of the invaginated intestinal loops, anorexia was not resolved, and the axolotl died 4 days later. A </span>necropsy revealed a serofibrinous coelomitis. Histopathology confirmed the presence of an obstructive mass in the resected portion of the intestines.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion and Case Relevance</h3><p>This report describes an intussusception diagnosis and attempted treatment in an axolotl. Ultrasonography in axolotls with nonspecific gastrointestinal symptoms is recommended for evaluation of the coelomic organs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15801,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine","volume":"46 ","pages":"Pages 19-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44558146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}