Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Perineal urethrostomy in a castrated male pet rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) after development of a urethral stricture","authors":"Stephanie Lamb","doi":"10.1053/j.jepm.2024.02.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1053/j.jepm.2024.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Perineal urethrostomies are commonly reported in veterinary literature in cats and involve anastomosing the urethra to the skin to make a urinary stoma. There are various urinary tract disorders that can necessitate this procedure with obstructions, trauma and stenosis cited as common issues.</p></div><div><h3>Case description</h3><p>A 2-year-old, male, castrated, mixed breed rabbit (<em>Oryctolagus cuniculus</em>) presented to the hospital with a history of straining to urinate for several hours. One month prior a urethrotomy surgery was performed to remove an obstructing urolith. Diagnostics revealed a stricture was present and a perineal urethrostomy was performed.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion and case relevance</h3><p>This report discusses the surgical approach to a perineal urethrostomy in a domestic rabbit and describes the differences from surgical descriptions reported in cats. A clinician presented with a similar case could consider this surgical technique for management of a urethral stricture in a castrated male rabbit.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15801,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine","volume":"49 ","pages":"Pages 18-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140134763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assay validation and determination of the reference interval for symmetric dimethylarginine in healthy rabbits","authors":"Marilyn Strong-Townsend ,&nbsp;Niora Fabian ,&nbsp;Gerry Skinner ,&nbsp;Rachel Murphy ,&nbsp;Evan Hegarty ,&nbsp;Sarah Peterson ,&nbsp;Michael Coyne","doi":"10.1053/j.jepm.2024.02.002","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.jepm.2024.02.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is common in older rabbits. The renal biomarkers blood urea and creatinine can be insensitive as indicators of renal disease in rabbits. Symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) has been shown to be an earlier and more sensitive biomarker for the assessment of glomerular filtration rate and the evaluation of CKD in several animal species. An immunoassay for SDMA has been validated in a number of species. The purpose of this study was to validate the SDMA immunoassay for rabbit serum and plasma and to determine the normal rabbit reference interval (RI) for SDMA.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Clinically healthy rabbits (<em>n</em> = 167) between 5 months and 8 years of age, of any breed or sex, participated in the study. Heparinized plasma or serum was collected for clinical chemistry and used for assay validation. Analytical validation of the SDMA immunoassay for rabbit serum and plasma was performed and included assessment of assay accuracy, precision, analytical sensitivity, linearity, interference testing, and plasma/serum bias. The SDMA reference interval (RI) was determined.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The SDMA immunoassay met all set quality requirements assessed in analytical validation. The RI for SDMA was determined to be between 4–18 µg/dL.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions and clinical relevance</h3><p>The SDMA immunoassay demonstrated acceptable performance in both rabbit serum and heparinized plasma as determined by the validation criteria. The utility of SDMA as a biomarker of renal disease in rabbits has not been determined yet.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15801,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine","volume":"49 ","pages":"Pages 12-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1557506324000107/pdfft?md5=fe031329fffd292c5e0a3a8ebf60da6c&pid=1-s2.0-S1557506324000107-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139946348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Benzalkonium chloride and polyhexanide disinfectant (F10 SC) requires off-label use for environmental disinfection to be effective against Nannizziopsis guarroi","authors":"Varun Seth ,&nbsp;Laura Adamovicz ,&nbsp;Krista A Keller","doi":"10.1053/j.jepm.2024.01.005","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.jepm.2024.01.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p><em>Nannizziopsis guarroi</em> causes contagious dermatomycosis in lizards. Treatment failures are commonly encountered and may be related to the prolonged environmental persistence of this microbe. F10 SC, containing benzalkonium chloride and polyhexanide, is a commercially available disinfectant often used in management of reptile infections particularly by hobbyists and breeders.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Three molecularly confirmed isolates of <em>N. guarroi</em> were aseptically collected into aqueous suspensions and diluted to 2 fungal concentrations. Each concentration of each isolate was exposed to 3 dilutions of F10 SC (1:20, 1:100, 1:500) for a 10-minute contact time based upon product label recommendations. Culture growth on standard potato-dextrose agar after 10 days of incubation was assessed for characteristic colony growth and cytology evaluation for fungal elements. The experimental design included control conditions as well as biological and technical replication.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>All control conditions grew characteristic fungal colonies with fungal elements visualized cytologically. Both concentrations of all 3 isolates exhibited no growth after contact with the highest concentration of the disinfectant (1:20) however fungal growth was evident after contact with the lowest concentration of disinfectant (1:500).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions and clinical relevance</h3><p>Environments exposed and/or contaminated with <em>N. guarroi</em> can be effectively disinfected using F10 SC for a contact time of 10 minutes. Exposure to living tissue has not been evaluated and cannot be recommended at this time. Further work evaluating F10 SC disinfection against clinically relevant microbes should be pursued.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15801,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine","volume":"49 ","pages":"Pages 1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139887602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scrotal hernia with irreducible small intestine in an intact ferret (Mustela putorius furo)","authors":"Nithida Boonwittaya ,&nbsp;Teerapat Rungnirundorn","doi":"10.1053/j.jepm.2024.01.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1053/j.jepm.2024.01.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Scrotal hernia is an inguinal hernia, in which the visceral organs protrude through the inguinal ring into the scrotum. No clinical report of a scrotal hernia in a ferret has been documented based on the literature search.</p></div><div><h3>Case Description</h3><p>A one-year-old intact male ferret was presented with a history of several months of slowly progressive, right, cord-like scrotal swelling. On physical examination, a scrotal hernia was suspected and the protruding contents were unable to be reduced. Radiography and ultrasonography revealed a herniated small intestinal loop inside the swollen scrotum which confirmed the diagnosis of irreducible scrotal hernia. Following reduction of the small intestine into the abdomen, inguinal herniorrhaphy and castration were performed. Recurrence and other clinical abnormalities were not identified during post-operative follow-ups at 3 months and 1 year.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions and Case Relevance</h3><p>This case involved a scrotal hernia in an intact male ferret with an irreducible herniated small intestine. This report describes the diagnostic findings and surgical treatment with a successful outcome. Scrotal hernia should be considered in ferrets with scrotal swelling.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15801,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine","volume":"49 ","pages":"Pages 5-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140042045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Successful treatment of a mandibular multilobular tumor of bone in a ferret (Mustela putorius furo)","authors":"Rae Porter-Blackwell ,&nbsp;Angela M. Lennox ,&nbsp;Jarvon Tobias ,&nbsp;Nicolas Vecchio","doi":"10.1053/j.jepm.2024.01.006","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.jepm.2024.01.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Multilobular tumor of the bone is a rarely described neoplasia in the ferret.</p></div><div><h3>Case Description</h3><p>A 2-yr-old, male neutered ferret was presented for an oral swelling. On physical examination, a firm swelling was noted surrounding the base of tooth 409 with no discharge. The remainder of the physical examination was unremarkable. Differential diagnoses included oral neoplasia or abscess. A biopsy was recommended with possible extraction of the affected tooth. Medical management was initiated and a biopsy was scheduled. In surgery, the mass was determined to be firm. The initial biopsy results indicated a chondrosarcoma. A partial hemimandibulectomy was successfully performed without complications. The final histopathology report showed a multilobular tumor of bone. At 8 months postoperative and at the time of writing, no recurrence had been noted.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion and Case Relevance</h3><p>This case reports an unusual presentation of a mandibular swelling in a ferret. Although rare, a multilobular tumor of bone should be considered as a differential for mandibular swelling in ferrets. Surgical intervention may be a viable treatment option.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15801,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine","volume":"49 ","pages":"Pages 9-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139770734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Benzalkonium chloride and polyhexanide disinfectant (F10 SC) requires off-label use for environmental disinfection to be effective against Nannizziopsis guarroi","authors":"Varun Seth, Laura Adamovicz, Krista A Keller","doi":"10.1053/j.jepm.2024.01.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1053/j.jepm.2024.01.005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15801,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine","volume":"97 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139827792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of intramuscular alfaxalone as a sedative for thoracic radiographic positioning in companion rats (Rattus norvegicus)","authors":"Julianne E. McCready ,&nbsp;Alison A. Smith ,&nbsp;Pratyaydipta Rudra ,&nbsp;Brynn McCleery","doi":"10.1053/j.jepm.2024.01.009","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.jepm.2024.01.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Alfaxalone is used in laboratory and companion rodents for sedation and anesthesia. The purpose of this study was to determine if 5 mg/kg alfaxalone administered intramuscularly provides safe and effective sedation for radiography in client-owned rats.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Eleven rats were recruited. Heart rate, respiratory rate, and rectal temperature were measured prior to and during sedation. Reflexes (forelimb withdrawal, hind limb withdrawal, tail pinch, ear flick) were evaluated. Induction, sedation, and recovery quality were scored. Sedation depth was scored by 3 different observers based on video recordings. Ten minutes post-injection, thoracic radiographs were obtained.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Nine rats were healthy, while two had mild respiratory signs. The mean (95% confidence interval [CI]) time to first effect was 3 (95%CI 1.3–4.7) minutes. Duration of sedation was 21.6 (95%CI 17.3–25.8) minutes. Vitals remained within clinically acceptable limits. Mild, self-limiting tremoring was noted in 3/11 rats. Reflexes tended to be preserved but were occasionally decreased or absent in some rats. Induction and recovery quality were very smooth in most rats. Radiographs were able to be performed in all rats. The time from radiographs to recovery was 4.7 (95%CI 1.4–8.1) minutes.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions and clinical relevance</h3><p>Alfaxalone had rapid onset and recovery. It was effective for radiographic positioning, but an additional sedative could be considered in healthy rats to provide greater sedation depth and duration. The protocol appeared safe in a very small sample size of clinically ill rats, but further research is needed to confirm safety.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15801,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine","volume":"48 ","pages":"Pages 50-55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139663009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vesicular gland infection caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa with secondary prostatitis in a guinea pig (Cavia porcellus)","authors":"Leon Picazo ,&nbsp;Ayla Del Romero ,&nbsp;Jorge Rosell ,&nbsp;Jordi Aguilo-Gisbert","doi":"10.1053/j.jepm.2024.01.002","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.jepm.2024.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15801,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine","volume":"48 ","pages":"Pages 20-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139375456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of In Vitro blood compatibility of the domestic ferret (Mustela putorious furo) with feline and canine blood","authors":"Typhanie Tan ,&nbsp;Isabelle Langlois ,&nbsp;Marie-Claude Blais","doi":"10.1053/j.jepm.2023.11.002","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.jepm.2023.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Numerous diseases may result in severe anemia requiring transfusion in ferrets (<span><em>Mustela putorius</em><em> furo</em></span><span>). Intraspecies pretransfusion compatibility assessment is not required given that ferrets do not have blood groups. However, in emergency situations where allotransfusion can be unachievable, xenotransfusion with feline<span> or canine blood may be considered as a life-saving procedure. This study aims to determine the </span></span><em>in vitro</em> compatibility of ferrets with feline or canine blood through investigation of crossmatch compatibility.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p><span>Ten transfusion-naive ferrets, five cats (all type A), and five </span>dogs (three Dog Erythrocyte Antigen (DEA) 1+ and two DEA 1-) were enrolled. All ferrets were crossmatched against each other, and against all cats and dogs, using a standardized gel column technology.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Nearly all ferrets (89 of 90 compatible crossmatches) were compatible with each other, one presenting a weakly positive autocontrol and weakly positive incompatibility reaction to another ferret. All ferrets had naturally occurring alloantibodies against all feline red blood cell (RBC) tested (50 of 50 incompatible crossmatches). Blood compatibility to canine RBC was variable: while most ferrets were compatible to all dogs (7 of 10), two had alloantibodies against all canine RBC, and one was incompatible to one dog (total 11 of 50 incompatibles crossmatches). In contrast, except for 1 crossmatch between one dog and one ferret, all minor crossmatches were positive (99 of 100 incompatibles crossmatches), demonstrating the presence of alloantibodies in cats and dogs against ferret RBC.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions and clinical relevance</h3><p>Based on blood compatibility assessment, transfusions between ferrets should be preferred. If not possible, xenotransfusion with crossmatched-compatible canine packed RBC (as opposed to whole blood) can be considered.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15801,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine","volume":"48 ","pages":"Pages 6-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135764171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of neurologic testing in guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus)","authors":"Josephine Dietzel ,&nbsp;Thomas Grochow ,&nbsp;Irene C. Böttcher","doi":"10.1053/j.jepm.2023.12.002","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.jepm.2023.12.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Specialized literature provides very little information on performing and interpreting clinical neurological tests on guinea pigs.</p></div><div><h3>Study description</h3><p>Two neurologists performed separate neurological examinations<span> of 25 guinea pigs. The structure of the examination was like those performed in other companion animals. Each test was evaluated for feasibility, reproducibility, and associated stress level for the animals.</span></p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The foll wing tests revealed an excellent ability to elicit the expected response: hopping reaction in the thoracic limbs, wheelbarrowing and hemiwalking, medial and lateral palpebral reflex, auricular sensitivity, maxillary sensitivity, horizontal oculocephalic reflex, tone of the jaw, voluntary movement of the tongue, direct pupillary light reflex. On the other hand, a poor ability to elicit the expected response was observed in the following tests: visual paw replacement of the thoracic limbs, tactile paw replacement in thoracic and pelvic limbs, paper test for thoracic and pelvic limbs, mandibular sensitivity, vertical oculocephalic reflex, menace response, patellar reflex, cutaneous trunci reflex, perineal reflex. The most reliable spinal reflex test with a good ability to elicit the expected response was the withdrawal reflex for both thoracic and pelvic limbs.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion and relevance</h3><p>It is possible to apply several neurological tests on guinea pigs and produce meaningful results. Therefore, we propose a possible protocol for neurological examination in guinea pigs. This is the first study to evaluate a full range of clinical neurological tests performed on guinea pigs. The results of this study could lead to a better understanding of lesion localization and guide further diagnostic and therapy in guinea pigs with neurological diseases.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15801,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine","volume":"48 ","pages":"Pages 31-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138687523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}