Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Ultrasound-guided external oblique intercostal block technique in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus): a cadaveric study","authors":"Carrie A. Schroeder ,&nbsp;Marissa F. Rosen ,&nbsp;Tracy L. Baker ,&nbsp;Rebecca A. Johnson","doi":"10.1053/j.jepm.2024.03.001","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.jepm.2024.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Locoregional anesthesia is an essential component of multimodal analgesic and anesthetic techniques. However, few are described in rabbits, especially those aimed at the cranial abdominal wall. The aim of this study was to describe the external oblique intercostal (EOI) block technique in rabbits and compare the spread of two injectate volumes across the paracostal region and cranial abdominal wall.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Eight rabbit cadavers (16 hemithoraces) were randomized to receive ultrasound-guided injections between the external abdominal oblique and external intercostal muscles. Each rabbit received 0.25 mL/kg (LV) and 0.5 mL/kg (HV) of 1% new methylene blue with immediate tissue dissection. Site of needle insertion, spread of injectate, and number of stained intercostal spaces and nerves were assessed by a blinded investigator.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Injection points ranged from intercostal spaces 5–12. There were no differences between HV and LV groups in the number of covered intercostal spaces or dorsal, caudal, and total (cranial + caudal) spread. There was significantly more ventral and cranial spread in the HV group as well as staining of intercostal nerves.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance</h3><p>Injection within the EOI fascial plane successfully stained intercostal nerves associated with the thoracic wall and cranial abdomen; higher volumes provided significantly more spread in the cranial and ventral directions and stained more intercostal nerves. While the EOI block using a volume of 0.5 mL/kg could be a technique used to provide regional anesthesia of the rabbit paracostal region and cranial abdomen, future studies would be needed to determine clinical safety and efficacy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15801,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine","volume":"49 ","pages":"Pages 35-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140153424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Avian & Exotic News","authors":"","doi":"10.1053/j.jepm.2024.03.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1053/j.jepm.2024.03.006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15801,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine","volume":"49 ","pages":"Pages 51-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140643801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation of aerobic bacteria from abscesses and wounds in rabbits and antibiotic susceptibility testing of Staphylococcus spp. and Pseudomonas spp. isolates","authors":"Mareike Schwab ,&nbsp;Maria Brockmann ,&nbsp;Petra Stumpf ,&nbsp;Johannes Pfabe ,&nbsp;Elisabeth Müller ,&nbsp;Michael Pees ,&nbsp;Rachel E. Marschang","doi":"10.1053/j.jepm.2024.03.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1053/j.jepm.2024.03.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Wound infections and abscesses in rabbits are a common problem in veterinary practice and their treatment can be challenging. Bacterial culture and antimicrobial susceptibility testing are important tools in these cases. While some studies are available on bacteria associated with wound infections and abscesses in rabbits, the numbers of animals included is generally limited. Monitoring of antibiotic resistance in clinical practice is also an important part of good antibiotic stewardship. Multiple antibiotic resistances are frequently encountered in <em>Staphylococcus</em> and <em>Pseudomonas</em> spp., 2 groups of bacteria commonly associated with abscesses in rabbits.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This retrospective study evaluated the results of aerobic bacterial cultures and antibiotic susceptibility tests in swabs from abscesses (A) (n = 541) and from skin and wounds (SW) (n = 308) submitted to a commercial diagnostic laboratory. Samples submitted between January 2017 and October 2020 were included in the study. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing for <em>Staphylococcus</em> and <em>Pseudomonas</em> spp. was evaluated and compared.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>In A, 465 bacterial isolates including 35 different species were isolated while 394 bacterial isolates, including 35 different species, were found in SW. The most frequently isolated bacteria were <em>Staphylococcus</em> spp. (A = 21.7%, SW = 36.5%) followed by <em>Pasteurella</em> spp. in A (13.3%) and aerobic spore-forming bacteria in SW (11.2%). <em>Pseudomonas</em> spp. was the third most commonly isolated genus in both sample types (A = 11.6%, SW = 8.9%). <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> isolated from A were more often resistant to the tested antibiotics than other <em>Pseudomonas</em> species. These results support the need for bacterial culture and antibiotic susceptibility testing in small mammal practice.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15801,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine","volume":"49 ","pages":"Pages 41-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140638823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Atrial septal defect in a chinchilla","authors":"Teresa Bousquet ,&nbsp;Cameron Friesen ,&nbsp;Eryn Hanak","doi":"10.1053/j.jepm.2024.03.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1053/j.jepm.2024.03.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Atrial septal defects have not previously been reported in pet chinchillas.</p></div><div><h3>Case Description</h3><p>An 8-year-old intact male chinchilla was presented with concerns of hyporexia of 4 days duration. On physical examination, the chinchilla was found to have evidence of dental disease and a grade 4/6 systolic murmur with a point of maximal intensity over the left side of the chest. Thoracic radiography showed evidence of moderate to severe right-sided cardiomegaly. Echocardiographic evaluation revealed a left-to-right shunt through a 4 millimeter atrial septal defect. No treatment was instituted at the time of diagnosis, and further follow up examination was declined. At a follow-up by phone 6 months after initial presentation, the owner reported that the chinchilla was doing well.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion and Case Relevance</h3><p>This case report is significant because cardiac diseases are not well reported in chinchillas. An atrial septal defect should be considered as a differential in chinchilla patients that present with a cardiac murmur.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15801,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine","volume":"49 ","pages":"Pages 53-57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140647124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Initial sterility study of a rabbit hemorrhagic recombinant subunit vaccine when used in a multidose manner across 16 days","authors":"Logan Kopp ,&nbsp;Sreekmari Rajeev ,&nbsp;Rebekah D. Jones","doi":"10.1053/j.jepm.2024.03.004","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.jepm.2024.03.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The introduction of a domestically produced Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease type 2 (RHDV2) Vaccine (Medgene Labs) has been a welcome relief to veterinarians, rabbitries, and pet rabbit caretakers. Currently, the vaccine is only available in a 10-dose vial that must be used immediately. The purpose of this study was to determine if the vaccine can maintain sterility as a multidose vial across 16 days.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Over a period of 16 days, a total of ten 0.5 mL samples were aseptically collected from 2 experimental vaccine bottles, and 1 control bottle was sampled on day 10. A total of 21 aerobic bacterial cultures and 5 fungal cultures were collected. The samples were collected daily, that all vials were opened on the first day of the experiment and the control vial was pierced for the first time on day 10.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Of the 21 aerobic bacterial cultures collected and 5 fungal cultures collected over 16 days, there was no growth detected by the microbiology lab.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion and clinical relevance</h3><p>In summary, this study provided evidence that when collected with appropriate aseptic precautions, the recombinant subunit RHDV2 vaccine could potentially be used extra-label, once fully approved by the USDA, as a multidose vial for at least 16 calendar days without compromising sterility, pending pyrogen and endotoxin testing as well as anaerobic cultures and potentially next generation DNA sequencing.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15801,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine","volume":"49 ","pages":"Pages 23-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140153265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnosis and post-mortem findings of intracardiac thrombosis in guinea pigs with cardiac disease: 3 cases (2020–2022)","authors":"Chelsey Tournade ,&nbsp;Sonja S. Tjostheim ,&nbsp;Andrea Kerr ,&nbsp;Sophie Aschenbroich ,&nbsp;Seng Wai Yap ,&nbsp;Shawna Hawkins","doi":"10.1053/j.jepm.2024.03.002","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.jepm.2024.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Cardiac disease is diagnosed with increased frequency in pet guinea pigs (<em>Cavia porcellus</em>) prompting the need for an improved understanding of disease-related sequelae. There are currently no reports describing intracardiac thrombosis associated with concurrent cardiac disease in guinea pigs.</p></div><div><h3>Case descriptions</h3><p>Three guinea pigs were presented with varying degrees of dyspnea. Cardiomegaly and intracardiac thrombi were identified via echocardiogram or contrast-enhanced computed tomography. Two guinea pigs diagnosed with dilated cardiomyopathy were subsequently treated with varying combinations of cardiac therapeutic drugs. The third guinea pig was euthanized following imaging diagnosis and subsequently diagnosed with fibrinosuppurative myocarditis and endocarditis on post-mortem examination. On antemortem imaging and post-mortem examination, all three guinea pigs had left atrial thrombus present, and one guinea pig had concurrent left ventricular and caudal vena caval thrombi. All guinea pigs were euthanized 1–180 days after diagnosis due to congestive heart failure.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion and case relevance</h3><p>Intracardiac thrombosis may be an important consideration for guinea pigs in congestive heart failure. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography and/or echocardiogram are useful antemortem diagnostic tests which can direct appropriate medical management and prognosis determination. Further investigation of predispositions to intracardiac thrombosis and appropriate therapy in guinea pigs is needed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15801,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine","volume":"49 ","pages":"Pages 28-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140057508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Canine xenotransfusion in a ferret (Mustela putorius furo) with a hepatic abscess causing septic peritonitis","authors":"Julianne E. McCready ,&nbsp;Gary Kwok Cheong Lee ,&nbsp;Melissa A. MacIver ,&nbsp;Tainor Tisotti ,&nbsp;Omar A. Zaheer ,&nbsp;R. Darren Wood","doi":"10.1053/j.jepm.2024.03.003","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.jepm.2024.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15801,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine","volume":"49 ","pages":"Pages 26-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140056239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perineal urethrostomy in a castrated male pet rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) after development of a urethral stricture","authors":"Stephanie Lamb","doi":"10.1053/j.jepm.2024.02.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1053/j.jepm.2024.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Perineal urethrostomies are commonly reported in veterinary literature in cats and involve anastomosing the urethra to the skin to make a urinary stoma. There are various urinary tract disorders that can necessitate this procedure with obstructions, trauma and stenosis cited as common issues.</p></div><div><h3>Case description</h3><p>A 2-year-old, male, castrated, mixed breed rabbit (<em>Oryctolagus cuniculus</em>) presented to the hospital with a history of straining to urinate for several hours. One month prior a urethrotomy surgery was performed to remove an obstructing urolith. Diagnostics revealed a stricture was present and a perineal urethrostomy was performed.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion and case relevance</h3><p>This report discusses the surgical approach to a perineal urethrostomy in a domestic rabbit and describes the differences from surgical descriptions reported in cats. A clinician presented with a similar case could consider this surgical technique for management of a urethral stricture in a castrated male rabbit.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15801,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine","volume":"49 ","pages":"Pages 18-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140134763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assay validation and determination of the reference interval for symmetric dimethylarginine in healthy rabbits","authors":"Marilyn Strong-Townsend ,&nbsp;Niora Fabian ,&nbsp;Gerry Skinner ,&nbsp;Rachel Murphy ,&nbsp;Evan Hegarty ,&nbsp;Sarah Peterson ,&nbsp;Michael Coyne","doi":"10.1053/j.jepm.2024.02.002","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.jepm.2024.02.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is common in older rabbits. The renal biomarkers blood urea and creatinine can be insensitive as indicators of renal disease in rabbits. Symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) has been shown to be an earlier and more sensitive biomarker for the assessment of glomerular filtration rate and the evaluation of CKD in several animal species. An immunoassay for SDMA has been validated in a number of species. The purpose of this study was to validate the SDMA immunoassay for rabbit serum and plasma and to determine the normal rabbit reference interval (RI) for SDMA.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Clinically healthy rabbits (<em>n</em> = 167) between 5 months and 8 years of age, of any breed or sex, participated in the study. Heparinized plasma or serum was collected for clinical chemistry and used for assay validation. Analytical validation of the SDMA immunoassay for rabbit serum and plasma was performed and included assessment of assay accuracy, precision, analytical sensitivity, linearity, interference testing, and plasma/serum bias. The SDMA reference interval (RI) was determined.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The SDMA immunoassay met all set quality requirements assessed in analytical validation. The RI for SDMA was determined to be between 4–18 µg/dL.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions and clinical relevance</h3><p>The SDMA immunoassay demonstrated acceptable performance in both rabbit serum and heparinized plasma as determined by the validation criteria. The utility of SDMA as a biomarker of renal disease in rabbits has not been determined yet.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15801,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine","volume":"49 ","pages":"Pages 12-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1557506324000107/pdfft?md5=fe031329fffd292c5e0a3a8ebf60da6c&pid=1-s2.0-S1557506324000107-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139946348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Benzalkonium chloride and polyhexanide disinfectant (F10 SC) requires off-label use for environmental disinfection to be effective against Nannizziopsis guarroi","authors":"Varun Seth ,&nbsp;Laura Adamovicz ,&nbsp;Krista A Keller","doi":"10.1053/j.jepm.2024.01.005","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.jepm.2024.01.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p><em>Nannizziopsis guarroi</em> causes contagious dermatomycosis in lizards. Treatment failures are commonly encountered and may be related to the prolonged environmental persistence of this microbe. F10 SC, containing benzalkonium chloride and polyhexanide, is a commercially available disinfectant often used in management of reptile infections particularly by hobbyists and breeders.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Three molecularly confirmed isolates of <em>N. guarroi</em> were aseptically collected into aqueous suspensions and diluted to 2 fungal concentrations. Each concentration of each isolate was exposed to 3 dilutions of F10 SC (1:20, 1:100, 1:500) for a 10-minute contact time based upon product label recommendations. Culture growth on standard potato-dextrose agar after 10 days of incubation was assessed for characteristic colony growth and cytology evaluation for fungal elements. The experimental design included control conditions as well as biological and technical replication.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>All control conditions grew characteristic fungal colonies with fungal elements visualized cytologically. Both concentrations of all 3 isolates exhibited no growth after contact with the highest concentration of the disinfectant (1:20) however fungal growth was evident after contact with the lowest concentration of disinfectant (1:500).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions and clinical relevance</h3><p>Environments exposed and/or contaminated with <em>N. guarroi</em> can be effectively disinfected using F10 SC for a contact time of 10 minutes. Exposure to living tissue has not been evaluated and cannot be recommended at this time. Further work evaluating F10 SC disinfection against clinically relevant microbes should be pursued.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15801,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine","volume":"49 ","pages":"Pages 1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139887602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}