Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Vertebral formulae and congenital vertebral anomalies in African pygmy hedgehogs (Atelerix albiventris)","authors":"Dominik Komenda ,&nbsp;Hana Moserová ,&nbsp;Michaela Petríková ,&nbsp;Lucia Kasalová ,&nbsp;Petr Linhart ,&nbsp;Pavel Proks","doi":"10.1053/j.jepm.2024.03.007","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.jepm.2024.03.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of vertebral formulae and congenital vertebral anomalies in African pygmy hedgehogs (<em>Atelerix albiventris</em>).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Sixty-five African pygmy hedgehogs (APHs) of both sexes were used in this retrospective study. Assessment of whole-body radiographs was done.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Five different vertebral formulae were recognized with C7/Th14/L6/S4/Cd8-12 (46.15% of APHs) being the most common. Other detected formulae were C7/Th14/L6/S3/Cd10-11 (7.69% of APHs), C7/Th14/L5/S4/Cd9-11 (13.85% of APHs), C7/Th15/L5/S4/Cd9-12 (13.85% of APHs), C7/Th13/L6/S4/Cd10 (1.54% of APHs). Presacral formula C7/Th14/L6 was the most common, detected in 53.85% of APHs. Congenital vertebral anomalies were detected in 11/65 (16.92%) APHs. Most of them were localized in the thoracolumbar junction in the form of a transitional vertebra (10/65; 15.38% of APHs) and one block vertebra was detected (1/65; 1.54% of APHs). No significant association with gender was detected.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion and clinical relevance</h3><p>This study establishes the most common vertebral formula and incidence of vertebral anomalies in <em>A. albiventris</em>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15801,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine","volume":"49 ","pages":"Pages 64-71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140271291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seminal vesiculitis in golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus): two cases (2022)","authors":"Shih Chieh Chan ,&nbsp;Matti Kiupel","doi":"10.1053/j.jepm.2024.03.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1053/j.jepm.2024.03.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Seminal vesiculitis is a disease characterized by inflammation of the seminal vesicles. It has been reported in stallions, bulls, rams, boars, rabbits, mice, and rats but has not been reported in golden hamsters.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Golden hamsters (<em>Mesocricetus auratus</em>) with seminal vesiculitis diagnosed by histopathologic examination in a private animal hospital between February and December 2022 were eligible for inclusion.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Two golden hamsters were included in the study. Both patients presented with lethargy and hematuria. Ultrasonographic examination of the seminal vesicles showed less distinct lobulation, wall thickening, and hyperechoic fluid in 1 case. One patient was treated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. The hamster died 11 days after presentation. The other patient was treated with a seminal vesiculectomy and was euthanized 66 days after surgery due to congestive heart failure and a left atrial mass. Histopathologic examination of seminal vesicles from both patients showed dilation, transmural necrosis, and inflammation.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions and clinical relevance</h3><p>Seminal vesiculitis should be considered as a differential in male golden hamsters with hematuria. In the cases presented here, ultrasonography was useful to formulate a diagnostic suspicion. Treatment options require further investigation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15801,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine","volume":"49 ","pages":"Pages 58-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140818613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacokinetics of a single, deep subcutaneous dose of buprenorphine hydrochloride in four-toed hedgehogs (Atelerix albiventris)","authors":"Grayson A. Doss ,&nbsp;Heather K. Knych","doi":"10.1053/j.jepm.2024.03.010","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.jepm.2024.03.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>There is little information regarding analgesia in pet hedgehogs. A recent study demonstrated that a single subcutaneous (SC) injection of buprenorphine hydrochloride in four-toed hedgehogs produced antinociception up to 36 to 48 hours, longer than for any other species. The goal of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of a single, deep SC dose of buprenorphine hydrochloride in four-toed hedgehogs to expand our understanding of clinical pharmacokinetics in this popular pet species.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Baseline blood samples were collected from the jugular veins of 6 adult hedgehogs under isoflurane anesthesia. Buprenorphine (0.05 mg/kg) was administered into the dorsal spined skin overlying the scapula at an approximate depth of 1.3 cm. Subsequent blood samples were collected at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72, 96, 120 hours after buprenorphine administration. Heparinized blood samples were stored on ice then centrifuged and plasma removed within 4 hours of collection. Plasma was frozen at -80ºC until analysis. Plasma levels of buprenorphine were quantified using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and a noncompartmental model was used to determine pharmacokinetic parameters.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Median (range) maximum plasma concentration was 1.6 (0.7–8.0) ng/mL and the time to maximum plasma concentration was 4.3 (0.5–36) hr. The plasma terminal half-life was 25.3 (16.9–41.5) hr.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance</h3><p>Buprenorphine hydrochloride has a very long half-life and marked variability in plasma concentrations following deep SC administration into the mantle in hedgehogs. Further research is needed to determine a correlation between plasma buprenorphine levels and a clinical analgesic effect in this species.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15801,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine","volume":"50 ","pages":"Pages 1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140793975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasound-guided external oblique intercostal block technique in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus): a cadaveric study","authors":"Carrie A. Schroeder ,&nbsp;Marissa F. Rosen ,&nbsp;Tracy L. Baker ,&nbsp;Rebecca A. Johnson","doi":"10.1053/j.jepm.2024.03.001","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.jepm.2024.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Locoregional anesthesia is an essential component of multimodal analgesic and anesthetic techniques. However, few are described in rabbits, especially those aimed at the cranial abdominal wall. The aim of this study was to describe the external oblique intercostal (EOI) block technique in rabbits and compare the spread of two injectate volumes across the paracostal region and cranial abdominal wall.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Eight rabbit cadavers (16 hemithoraces) were randomized to receive ultrasound-guided injections between the external abdominal oblique and external intercostal muscles. Each rabbit received 0.25 mL/kg (LV) and 0.5 mL/kg (HV) of 1% new methylene blue with immediate tissue dissection. Site of needle insertion, spread of injectate, and number of stained intercostal spaces and nerves were assessed by a blinded investigator.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Injection points ranged from intercostal spaces 5–12. There were no differences between HV and LV groups in the number of covered intercostal spaces or dorsal, caudal, and total (cranial + caudal) spread. There was significantly more ventral and cranial spread in the HV group as well as staining of intercostal nerves.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance</h3><p>Injection within the EOI fascial plane successfully stained intercostal nerves associated with the thoracic wall and cranial abdomen; higher volumes provided significantly more spread in the cranial and ventral directions and stained more intercostal nerves. While the EOI block using a volume of 0.5 mL/kg could be a technique used to provide regional anesthesia of the rabbit paracostal region and cranial abdomen, future studies would be needed to determine clinical safety and efficacy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15801,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine","volume":"49 ","pages":"Pages 35-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140153424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Avian & Exotic News","authors":"","doi":"10.1053/j.jepm.2024.03.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1053/j.jepm.2024.03.006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15801,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine","volume":"49 ","pages":"Pages 51-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140643801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation of aerobic bacteria from abscesses and wounds in rabbits and antibiotic susceptibility testing of Staphylococcus spp. and Pseudomonas spp. isolates","authors":"Mareike Schwab ,&nbsp;Maria Brockmann ,&nbsp;Petra Stumpf ,&nbsp;Johannes Pfabe ,&nbsp;Elisabeth Müller ,&nbsp;Michael Pees ,&nbsp;Rachel E. Marschang","doi":"10.1053/j.jepm.2024.03.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1053/j.jepm.2024.03.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Wound infections and abscesses in rabbits are a common problem in veterinary practice and their treatment can be challenging. Bacterial culture and antimicrobial susceptibility testing are important tools in these cases. While some studies are available on bacteria associated with wound infections and abscesses in rabbits, the numbers of animals included is generally limited. Monitoring of antibiotic resistance in clinical practice is also an important part of good antibiotic stewardship. Multiple antibiotic resistances are frequently encountered in <em>Staphylococcus</em> and <em>Pseudomonas</em> spp., 2 groups of bacteria commonly associated with abscesses in rabbits.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This retrospective study evaluated the results of aerobic bacterial cultures and antibiotic susceptibility tests in swabs from abscesses (A) (n = 541) and from skin and wounds (SW) (n = 308) submitted to a commercial diagnostic laboratory. Samples submitted between January 2017 and October 2020 were included in the study. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing for <em>Staphylococcus</em> and <em>Pseudomonas</em> spp. was evaluated and compared.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>In A, 465 bacterial isolates including 35 different species were isolated while 394 bacterial isolates, including 35 different species, were found in SW. The most frequently isolated bacteria were <em>Staphylococcus</em> spp. (A = 21.7%, SW = 36.5%) followed by <em>Pasteurella</em> spp. in A (13.3%) and aerobic spore-forming bacteria in SW (11.2%). <em>Pseudomonas</em> spp. was the third most commonly isolated genus in both sample types (A = 11.6%, SW = 8.9%). <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> isolated from A were more often resistant to the tested antibiotics than other <em>Pseudomonas</em> species. These results support the need for bacterial culture and antibiotic susceptibility testing in small mammal practice.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15801,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine","volume":"49 ","pages":"Pages 41-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140638823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Atrial septal defect in a chinchilla","authors":"Teresa Bousquet ,&nbsp;Cameron Friesen ,&nbsp;Eryn Hanak","doi":"10.1053/j.jepm.2024.03.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1053/j.jepm.2024.03.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Atrial septal defects have not previously been reported in pet chinchillas.</p></div><div><h3>Case Description</h3><p>An 8-year-old intact male chinchilla was presented with concerns of hyporexia of 4 days duration. On physical examination, the chinchilla was found to have evidence of dental disease and a grade 4/6 systolic murmur with a point of maximal intensity over the left side of the chest. Thoracic radiography showed evidence of moderate to severe right-sided cardiomegaly. Echocardiographic evaluation revealed a left-to-right shunt through a 4 millimeter atrial septal defect. No treatment was instituted at the time of diagnosis, and further follow up examination was declined. At a follow-up by phone 6 months after initial presentation, the owner reported that the chinchilla was doing well.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion and Case Relevance</h3><p>This case report is significant because cardiac diseases are not well reported in chinchillas. An atrial septal defect should be considered as a differential in chinchilla patients that present with a cardiac murmur.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15801,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine","volume":"49 ","pages":"Pages 53-57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140647124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Initial sterility study of a rabbit hemorrhagic recombinant subunit vaccine when used in a multidose manner across 16 days","authors":"Logan Kopp ,&nbsp;Sreekmari Rajeev ,&nbsp;Rebekah D. Jones","doi":"10.1053/j.jepm.2024.03.004","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.jepm.2024.03.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The introduction of a domestically produced Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease type 2 (RHDV2) Vaccine (Medgene Labs) has been a welcome relief to veterinarians, rabbitries, and pet rabbit caretakers. Currently, the vaccine is only available in a 10-dose vial that must be used immediately. The purpose of this study was to determine if the vaccine can maintain sterility as a multidose vial across 16 days.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Over a period of 16 days, a total of ten 0.5 mL samples were aseptically collected from 2 experimental vaccine bottles, and 1 control bottle was sampled on day 10. A total of 21 aerobic bacterial cultures and 5 fungal cultures were collected. The samples were collected daily, that all vials were opened on the first day of the experiment and the control vial was pierced for the first time on day 10.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Of the 21 aerobic bacterial cultures collected and 5 fungal cultures collected over 16 days, there was no growth detected by the microbiology lab.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion and clinical relevance</h3><p>In summary, this study provided evidence that when collected with appropriate aseptic precautions, the recombinant subunit RHDV2 vaccine could potentially be used extra-label, once fully approved by the USDA, as a multidose vial for at least 16 calendar days without compromising sterility, pending pyrogen and endotoxin testing as well as anaerobic cultures and potentially next generation DNA sequencing.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15801,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine","volume":"49 ","pages":"Pages 23-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140153265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnosis and post-mortem findings of intracardiac thrombosis in guinea pigs with cardiac disease: 3 cases (2020–2022)","authors":"Chelsey Tournade ,&nbsp;Sonja S. Tjostheim ,&nbsp;Andrea Kerr ,&nbsp;Sophie Aschenbroich ,&nbsp;Seng Wai Yap ,&nbsp;Shawna Hawkins","doi":"10.1053/j.jepm.2024.03.002","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.jepm.2024.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Cardiac disease is diagnosed with increased frequency in pet guinea pigs (<em>Cavia porcellus</em>) prompting the need for an improved understanding of disease-related sequelae. There are currently no reports describing intracardiac thrombosis associated with concurrent cardiac disease in guinea pigs.</p></div><div><h3>Case descriptions</h3><p>Three guinea pigs were presented with varying degrees of dyspnea. Cardiomegaly and intracardiac thrombi were identified via echocardiogram or contrast-enhanced computed tomography. Two guinea pigs diagnosed with dilated cardiomyopathy were subsequently treated with varying combinations of cardiac therapeutic drugs. The third guinea pig was euthanized following imaging diagnosis and subsequently diagnosed with fibrinosuppurative myocarditis and endocarditis on post-mortem examination. On antemortem imaging and post-mortem examination, all three guinea pigs had left atrial thrombus present, and one guinea pig had concurrent left ventricular and caudal vena caval thrombi. All guinea pigs were euthanized 1–180 days after diagnosis due to congestive heart failure.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion and case relevance</h3><p>Intracardiac thrombosis may be an important consideration for guinea pigs in congestive heart failure. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography and/or echocardiogram are useful antemortem diagnostic tests which can direct appropriate medical management and prognosis determination. Further investigation of predispositions to intracardiac thrombosis and appropriate therapy in guinea pigs is needed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15801,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine","volume":"49 ","pages":"Pages 28-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140057508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Canine xenotransfusion in a ferret (Mustela putorius furo) with a hepatic abscess causing septic peritonitis","authors":"Julianne E. McCready ,&nbsp;Gary Kwok Cheong Lee ,&nbsp;Melissa A. MacIver ,&nbsp;Tainor Tisotti ,&nbsp;Omar A. Zaheer ,&nbsp;R. Darren Wood","doi":"10.1053/j.jepm.2024.03.003","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.jepm.2024.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15801,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine","volume":"49 ","pages":"Pages 26-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140056239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}