Journal of Equine Veterinary Science最新文献

{"title":"Characterizing hay buying and feeding practices and attitudes among Pennsylvania horse owners","authors":"Laura B. Kenny ,&nbsp;Danielle N. Smarsh","doi":"10.1016/j.jevs.2024.105147","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jevs.2024.105147","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Existing data on the equine hay market and buying preferences in Pennsylvania (PA) is outdated and more recent data is needed. The objective of this project was to characterize the practices and attitudes of PA horse hay buyers. An online survey was created and distributed. It received 435 total responses (of these, 346 were complete responses) from PA horse hay buyers from October 2021 to February 2022. Data presented (descriptive statistics) represents the percentage of respondents answering that question. Most (76%) respondents were in the recreational sector of the horse industry and the majority (62%) purchased hay for 2-5 horses. Small square bales (2-string) were most commonly purchased (93%), and most respondents bought their hay exclusively by the bale (75%). The most common reasons for not purchasing large bales were not being able to transport or handle them (70%), followed by not having adequate storage (60%). Horse owners were most likely to buy hay directly from local farmers (90%) than any other source. The top three most important factors when purchasing hay were absence of mold, absence of weeds, and smell (rated “very important” by 98, 53, and 52% of respondents, respectively). Most respondents did not use hay feeders in stalls or outside (38 and 50%, respectively). Most hay buyers (63%) never have their hay analyzed for nutrient content. The data collected from this survey can help hay producers understand buying practices of horse owners and help equine nutritionists identify areas of need for horse owner education about hay.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15798,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Veterinary Science","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 105147"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141537977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lyophilization as an alternative for conservation of equine plasma as a source of immunoglobulin G for neonatal foals","authors":"G.G. Sobral ,&nbsp;O.C. Gomes Neto ,&nbsp;T.C. Lima ,&nbsp;G.F. Carneiro","doi":"10.1016/j.jevs.2024.105139","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jevs.2024.105139","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Providing plasma with immunoglobulins is essential for the health of foals with failure of passive transfer of immunity. The use of lyophilized plasma (LP) offers a simple and affordable option in terms of transportation and storage. This study aimed to measure the concentrations of immunoglobulin G (IgG), total protein (TP), and total solids (TS) in fresh equine plasma before and after lyophilization. Plasma was collected from six healthy male horses. The samples underwent freeze-drying and were reconstituted in deionized water to their original volume. The concentrations of IgG in both fresh and reconstituted LP were determined by simple radial immunodiffusion and TS and TP concentrations measured using refractometry. Results indicated that the IgG concentration in fresh plasma (8.9 ± 3.2 g/L) was not different from LP (7.1 ± 2.2 g/L; <em>P</em> &gt; 0.05). The TP concentration in fresh plasma was 6.6 ± 0.5 g/dL, which decreased to 5.7 ± 0.2 g/dL after lyophilization (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). The TS of fresh plasma were 7.5 ± 0.8 %, and also lower in LP 6.3 ± 0.5 % (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). The findings revealed that the lyophilization process preserves IgG concentration with small losses in TS and TP upon reconstitution. The research supports the potential of lyophilized equine plasma as a promising treatment option, with future efforts focused on optimizing the product, validating its efficacy and stability through clinical trials, and developing practical packaging solutions for use in the equine industry.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15798,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Veterinary Science","volume":"141 ","pages":"Article 105139"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141534540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Suspected envenomation by the common European adder (Vipera berus berus) in 28 horses in Finland","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jevs.2024.105145","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jevs.2024.105145","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Vipera berus berus</em> is the only venomous snake present in the Nordic countries and cases of envenomation in horses are reported during the warmer months. Little is known about the presentation, treatment and survival of horses with common European adder envenomation.</p><p>Clinical and laboratory findings, treatment and outcome are reported for 28 horses admitted to Helsinki University Equine Hospital in 2008–2023 due to suspicion of snake bite. Eleven of these horses received antivenom treatment. Other common treatments included non-steroidal anti-inflammatories (22/28), antimicrobials (19/28), intravenous fluid therapy (11/28), corticosteroids (9/28) and local treatment (11/28). All horses survived until discharge. No difference was detected in the length of hospital stay between horses with moderate envenomation that had or had not received antivenom treatment.</p><p>Horses with moderate envenomation are more likely to receive antivenom treatment and require longer hospital stay than horses with mild envenomation. Antivenom treatment is not associated with shorter hospital stay. Little evidence supports the use of corticosteroids and antibiotics in treatment of envenomation. Studies with larger numbers of animals are warranted to evaluate the effect of treatment, including administration of antivenom, on long-term outcome and survival from envenomation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15798,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Veterinary Science","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 105145"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0737080624001515/pdfft?md5=519a2cc562829f41165c3f98315b6348&pid=1-s2.0-S0737080624001515-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141498166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A demographic and performance assessment of horses used in draw-based Intercollegiate Horse Shows Association competitions","authors":"Hannah A. Price,&nbsp;Alyssa A. Logan,&nbsp;Alyson J. Snyder,&nbsp;Ariel H. Higgins","doi":"10.1016/j.jevs.2024.105146","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jevs.2024.105146","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Intercollegiate Horse Show Association (IHSA) competitions evaluate riders on equitation and skills when riding randomly drawn horses. This study considered demographic and competition-related variables of horses involved in IHSA competitions, and their correlation to performance through points accumulated. Demographics were recorded for fifty-nine horses in two-day Hunter Seat and Western IHSA shows along with use of artificial riding aids, day of competition, number of rides, and points, to evaluate performance. Data were analyzed using a mixed effect model and correlation coefficients with significance set at P &lt; 0.05 (SAS 9.4). Hunter Seat horses averaged more rides per day than Western (P &lt; 0.0001), but points per ride were not different between disciplines (P = 0.57) or days of shows (P = 0.47). Use of artificial aids did not impact points per ride a horse accumulated (P = 0.63 Hunter Seat, P = 0.41 Western). Age, (r = -0.10, P = 0.60; r = 0.02, P = 0.90), BCS (r = 0.15, P = 0.42; r = 0.17, P = 0.34), height (r = 0.20, P = 0.28; r = 0.15, P = 0.39), and weight (r = 0.23, P = 0.23; r = 0.20, P = 0.25) were weakly correlated with points earned for Hunter Seat and Western horses, respectively. Random draw in IHSA is suggested to be effective for equitation competitions, allowing a fair opportunity for riders, regardless of the horse-related factors evaluated in this study.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15798,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Veterinary Science","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 105146"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141498165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fluctuations in equine cutaneous pH and transepidermal water loss with time of day and ambient conditions","authors":"D.R. Discepolo,&nbsp;E. Gaare,&nbsp;G. Handlos,&nbsp;E.B. Perry","doi":"10.1016/j.jevs.2024.105140","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jevs.2024.105140","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cutaneous pH and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) are commonly utilized measures in dermatological research as they provide information concerning barrier function. The importance of dermal health has become more evident in recent years. Accordingly, the aim of this work was to identify natural fluctuations in the biophysical parameters of healthy equine skin. Cutaneous pH and TEWL was collected on nine mares at 6:00 AM, 12:00 PM, and 6:00 PM daily for five days on the nose, withers, girth area, mid-back, and base of tail. Ambient temperature and humidity were measured at each collection. Statistical analysis was completed using SAS On Demand. Tests included repeated measures, ANOVA, and regression analysis. Mean cutaneous pH significantly differed by day (P = 0.0052) and time (P = 0.0073) but was unaffected by anatomical location (P = 0.2841). Interestingly, cutaneous pH had a significant interaction of day and location (P = 0.0004). Mean TEWL measures significantly differed by day (P &lt; 0.0001), time (P &lt; 0.0001), and anatomical location (P = 0.0231). Interaction of day and time had a significant effect on TEWL (P &lt; 0.0001) and also resulted in a three-way interaction of day, time, and location (P = 0.0167). There were no significant associations of pH with temperature and humidity. All measures of TEWL across all locations were significantly correlated with temperature and humidity (P &lt; 0.0001). Cutaneous pH and TEWL measures are affected by environmental conditions which should be considered in future models and work using dermal characteristics of horses.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15798,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Veterinary Science","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 105140"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141476684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of squamous gastric disease in Colombian equids at slaughter: A postmortem comparative study among horses, donkeys and mules","authors":"Angie L. Medina B․ ,&nbsp;Rafael R. Faleiros ,&nbsp;José R. Martínez A․","doi":"10.1016/j.jevs.2024.105138","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jevs.2024.105138","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Equine Gastric Ulcer Syndrome (EGUS) occurs with variable prevalence in horses, donkeys, and mules. Due to the particularities of the mucous membranes, the syndrome is made up of Squamous Gastric Disease (ESGD) and Glandular Gastric Disease (EGGD). Given the multifactorial nature and multiple classification systems of the syndrome, significant differences have been reported between prevalence studies performed <em>ante mortem</em>, which are even more remarkable when compared with postmortem evaluations. This study aimed to determine the presence and grade of squamous gastric disease in horses, donkeys and mules immediately after slaughter. The postmortem examination considered the inspection of the squamous region (cardia, dorsal fundus, and margo plicatus) and the classification of the observed lesions. The general prevalence of ESGD in the entire population of study was 83.3 % (78 %, 89 %, and 83 % for horses, donkeys, and mules, respectively), compromising the margo plicatus in all cases. 75 % had more than 5 lesions and 50 % had deep lesions, lesions of varying severity and/or evidence of recent/active bleeding. The prevalence of ESGD was similar in horses, donkeys, and mules subjected to similar handling conditions prior to slaughter, including long-distance traveling, fasting, and stress factors.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15798,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Veterinary Science","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 105138"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0737080624001448/pdfft?md5=df7ee771a3efda91f8945418e3e9e21d&pid=1-s2.0-S0737080624001448-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141476685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physiological comparison of conditioned and non-conditioned university horses following semester break","authors":"J.M. Stellmack,&nbsp;A.A. Logan,&nbsp;A.H. Higgins,&nbsp;R.M. Hoffman","doi":"10.1016/j.jevs.2024.105143","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jevs.2024.105143","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Periods of limited activity during semester break may reduce performance during return to ridden work. This study evaluated fitness and muscling of horses when returning to work, following a 12-week period during which horses either continued (conditioned) or discontinued (non-conditioned) ridden work. It was hypothesized that non-conditioned horses would have a lower level of fitness, resulting in higher resting and peak heart rates and lower levels of muscling. Twelve mature, stock type horses aged 16 ± 5 years were assigned to either a conditioned group that maintained light-to-moderate riding or a non-conditioned group receiving no formal exercise. All horses had access to voluntary exercise for 12-24hr/d on grass pasture (1.5-2.5 hectares). Following the 12-week period, all horses were placed into a light-to-moderate intensity exercise program with resting heart rate, peak heart rate, body condition score, gaskin and forearm circumference, and topline muscle measurements performed on d 0, 14, and 28. Peak and resting heart rates were not different between groups (P &gt; 0.05) but increased for both groups throughout the study (P = 0.04). Gaskin circumference of non-conditioned horses was larger (P = 0.04), although non-conditioned horses tended to be heavier (551.4 versus 491.4 ± 21.4 kg; P = 0.07). Conditioned horses had greater average topline muscling scores (P = 0.02). Horses that were conditioned over a 12-week break had greater muscling, but changes in fitness were not detected. Pasture access could contribute to maintenance of fitness during unridden periods.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15798,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Veterinary Science","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 105143"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141468453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of novel lyophilized extenders on stallion post-thaw sperm motility","authors":"Márcio M. Nunes ,&nbsp;João Rafael C. Gurgel ,&nbsp;Maria Luiza Munhoz ,&nbsp;Valdemar de Giuli Jr. ,&nbsp;Gustavo F. Carneiro ,&nbsp;Marcelo H. Miragaya ,&nbsp;M. Florencia Gallelli ,&nbsp;José D. Guimaraes","doi":"10.1016/j.jevs.2024.105144","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jevs.2024.105144","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The aim of this study was to assess the effect of lyophilized freezing extenders, which can be stored at room temperature, on stallion post-thaw sperm total motility (TM). Ejaculates of 28 stallions were frozen with four different extenders: two commercial freezing extenders offered worldwide and two novel lyophilized extenders (STAR and MX3), and two different cryopreservation protocols (CP1 with an equilibration period of 20 min. and CP2 with an equilibration period of 60 min.). The TM was assessed after thaw. Mean TM did not show significant differences between cryopreservation protocols within each extender. Mean TM was greater in samples diluted with STAR than in samples diluted with Botucrio (<em>P</em> ˂ 0.05), but no significant differences were observed for this variable between the other studied extenders. From all evaluated samples, twenty ejaculates showed the greatest TM when using the lyophilized extenders and the CP1. Thus, lyophilized extenders are a promising option for stallion sperm cryopreservation and have the advantage of storage and distribution at room temperature for at least one year.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15798,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Veterinary Science","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 105144"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141468438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Employment in the equine industry in 2022: Insights into career types, salaries, and benefits","authors":"Hannah L. Lochner ,&nbsp;Aubrey L. Jaqueth ,&nbsp;W. Burton Staniar ,&nbsp;Krishona L. Martinson","doi":"10.1016/j.jevs.2024.105142","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jevs.2024.105142","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The equine industry contributes $74 billion and provides 1.3 million jobs annually to the United States economy. However, limited information is available on the current salaries and benefits of equine professionals. In 2022, an online survey was conducted to assess salaries, benefits, and education levels of equine professionals across several career types in the equine industry. The survey consisted of 38 questions with conditional branching and was distributed through social media and e-newsletters. Survey branching focused on grouping participants by career type into the following categories: farm management, government, industry, nonprofit, private practice, and university. The most prevalent career type represented was farm management (34%) followed by private practice (18%), academia (17%), industry (15%), nonprofit (12%), and government (4%). Associations between variables were examined with Chi-squared analysis. An association was observed between education level and salary (<em>P</em> = 0.001, X² = 103.17) with salaries greater than $50,000 being more prevalent with advanced degrees. Similarly, job type and salary were associated (<em>P</em> = 0.001, X² = 73.47), where salaries for academia and industry careers were often greater than $50,000 and nonprofit and farm management salaries were more often less or equal to $50,000. Compared to professionals in farm management or in private practice, those in academia and government received more benefits (<em>P</em>&lt;0.05). Data collected from this survey creates a baseline for evaluating compensation across the equine industry and exposed opportunities for improvements in future surveys. Outside of industry salary comparisons, survey data can be used by educators to emphasize the benefit of further education to increase salary and benefits.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15798,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Veterinary Science","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 105142"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141468439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbial populations vary between the upper and lower respiratory tract, but not within biogeographic regions of the lung of healthy horses","authors":"Rebecca C. Bishop ,&nbsp;Alessandro Migliorisi ,&nbsp;Jessica R. Holmes ,&nbsp;Ann M. Kemper ,&nbsp;Mark Band ,&nbsp;Scott Austin ,&nbsp;Brian Aldridge ,&nbsp;Pamela A. Wilkins","doi":"10.1016/j.jevs.2024.105141","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jevs.2024.105141","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Understanding normal microbial populations within areas of the respiratory tract is essential, as variable regional conditions create different niches for microbial flora, and proliferation of commensal microbes likely contributes to clinical respiratory disease. The objective was to describe microbial population variability between respiratory tract locations in healthy horses. Samples were collected from four healthy adult horses by nasopharyngeal lavage (NPL), transtracheal aspirate (TTA), and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) of six distinct regions within the lung. Full-length 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing and microbial profiling analysis was performed. There was a large amount of diversity, with over 1797 ASVs identified, reduced to 94 taxa after tip agglomeration and prevalence filtering. Number of taxa and diversity were highly variable across horses, sample types, and BAL locations. Firmicutes, proteobacteria, and actinobacteria were the predominant phyla. There was a significant difference in richness (Chao1, p = 0.02) and phylogenetic diversity (FaithPD, p = 0.01) between NPL, TTA, and BAL. Sample type (p = 0.03) and horse (p = 0.005) contributed significantly to Bray-Curtis compositional diversity, while Weighted Unifrac metric was only affected by simplified sample type (NPL and TTA vs BAL, p = 0.04). There was no significant effect of BAL locations within the lung with alpha or beta diversity statistical tests. Overall findings support diverse microbial populations that were variable between upper and lower respiratory tract locations, but with no apparent difference in microbial populations of the six biogeographic regions of the lung, suggesting that BAL fluid obtained blindly by standard clinical techniques may be sufficient for future studies in healthy horses.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15798,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Veterinary Science","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 105141"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0737080624001473/pdfft?md5=61f8cbdba79e54357b4cfe9354b8e676&pid=1-s2.0-S0737080624001473-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141468452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}