Journal of Equine Veterinary Science最新文献

{"title":"Headshaking associated with a unique presentation of guttural pouches infection and otitis media in a Quarter Horse stallion: diagnosis, medical treatment and outcome.","authors":"G Forni, N Ellero, A Mannini, L Scacco, F Freccero","doi":"10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105616","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105616","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A 3-year-old Quarter horse stallion was referred for headshaking (HS) syndrome of one month duration. The horse underwent complete HS workup. Physical examination revealed up-and-down head movements associated with nose snorting during lunging and riding, in the absence of other abnormalities at rest or in motion. Lameness, neurologic and behavioural evaluations were unremarkable. Endoscopic examination of the upper respiratory tract showed bilateral guttural pouches (GPs) inflammation. The mucosal surface was altered by the presence of areas of microbullous appearance coalescing into some bullae of larger diameter. A bacterial culture obtained by flushing, brushing and biopsy of the GP mucosa was positive for Serratia marcescens. Computed tomographic evaluation was indicative of: moderate bilateral GP inflammation, bilateral otitis media, and nuchal ligament enthesopathy, with uncertain significance. The horse was treated with antimicrobials according to the sensitivity test, systemic NSAIDs and rest. At the one-month follow-up, HS condition was improved and the endoscopic examination showed a limited number of bullous lesions remaining. Bacterial culture re-obtained from the GPs lavages was positive for Streptococcus equi zooepidemicus. Based on the residual evidence of GP infection, the horse was re-treated with antimicrobials according to the sensitivity test, systemic NSAIDs and rest. At the two-month follow-up, HS condition was considered resolved based on clinical evaluation, the horse resumed gradually training with satisfactory results. Endoscopy and bacteriology showed resolution of GP infection. At one-year follow-up no relapses were reported.</p>","PeriodicalId":15798,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Veterinary Science","volume":" ","pages":"105616"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144181655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"Thermal comfort and seminal traits in stallion reproduction: new methods to understand these relationships\".","authors":"L M F Ribeiro, J V B Gomes, W H O Vega, A S Alves, M N Machado, L J Wutke, C R Quirino, R C Basile, P A Di Filippo","doi":"10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105615","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105615","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Stallion breeding is mostly based on desirable phenotypic traits, with little consideration for semen quality.</p><p><strong>Aims/objectives: </strong>To identify relationships among semen parameters in stallions using a non-invasive, integrative approach across summer and winter seasons.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-four stallions were evaluated, in which semen collections, testicular thermography, and Doppler velocimetry of the testicular artery by Doppler ultrasonography were performed, in addition to the measurement of physiological, environmental, and heat stress parameters, both in winter (coat weather) and summer (T-shirt weather). Statistical tests included univariate and multivariate analyses in software SPSS® (IBM).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sperm defects (22.4 ± 7.3%) and heat stress indices (THI: 79.7 ± 3.4; ThStress: 2.9 ± 0.7) were higher in summer (28.6 ± 2.7 °C) than in winter (12.5 ± 9.4%; 21.1 ± 2.4 °C; THI: 73.5 ± 8.6; ThStress: 1.1 ± 0.3). The heat stress indices were calculated by the equation: THI= [0.8 x (EnTemp + RH/100)] x [(EnTemp - 14.4) + 46.4]. In contrast, systolic/diastolic testicular blood flow velocities, motility, and vigor were greater in winter (33.3 ± 9.3 cm/s; 5.9 ± 2.2 cm/s; 81.2 ± 8.5%; 3.2 ± 0.4) than in summer (24.4 ± 6.7 cm/s; 4.0 ± 1.0 cm/s; 64.2 ± 21%; 2.7 ± 0.6). Significant correlations were found between thermal comfort indices and seminal traits in summer, and between Doppler/thermographic data and semen quality in winter.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The analyzed indices characterized thermal, circulatory, and seminal parameters in stallions, highlighting seasonal differences and correlations, and supporting the use of Doppler ultrasonography and infrared thermography in fertility assessment, thermal comfort, and optimal breeding season selection.</p>","PeriodicalId":15798,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Veterinary Science","volume":" ","pages":"105615"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144180013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Autologous seminal plasma and post-breeding uterine lavage as alternative options to improve fertility rates of jennies inseminated with cryopreserved jack semen","authors":"P.V.L.F. Oliveira ,&nbsp;L.G.T.M. Segabinazzi ,&nbsp;A.M. Crespilho ,&nbsp;J.V. Oliveira ,&nbsp;A.C. Silva ,&nbsp;C.P. Freitas-Dell’Aqua ,&nbsp;J.A. Dell’Aqua Jr ,&nbsp;F.O. Papa","doi":"10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105613","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105613","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Poor fertility of cryopreserved semen remains a challenge in donkeys.</div></div><div><h3>Aims/objectives</h3><div>This study evaluated strategies to enhance fertility of cryopreserved semen in donkeys.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Experiment 1 assessed <em>in vitro</em> parameters of semen cryopreserved with two freezing-semen protocols (BC and mINRA). For evaluation, samples were thawed and split into two aliquots: one served as a control, and the second was re-extended with seminal plasma (SP). Sperm motility, plasma membrane and acrosome integrity (PMAI), lipid peroxidation (LPO), and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) were analyzed. Experiment 2 involved 86 estrous cycles of 33 jennies, inseminated with semen cryopreserved using BC (n = 43 cycles) or mINRA (n = 43 cycles). Each group included control cycles (BC, n = 10; mINRA, n = 10) and three treatments: SP, frozen-thawed semen re-extended in SP (BC, n = 08; mINRA, n = 08); UL, uterine lavage (UL) 10 h post-AI (BC, n = 11; mINRA, n = 11); and SP+UL, frozen-thawed semen re-extended in SP followed by UL 10 h post-AI (BC, n = 14; mINRA, n = 14).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Post-thaw motility was similar between cryopreservation protocols (P &gt; 0.05), but adding SP reduced the motility parameters of cryopreserved semen (P &lt; 0.05). PMAI was higher, and LPO and H₂O₂ were lower in semen cryopreserved using BC (P &lt; 0.05). Seminal plasma addition did not affect PMAI but reduced LPO and H₂O₂ (P &lt; 0.05). Pregnancy rates did not differ between semen cryopreserved using BC (21 %) and mINRA (23 %; P &gt; 0.05). The SP+UL-assigned cycles had higher fertility rates (43 %; P = 0.01) compared to control-assigned cycles (0/20), whereas SP- (13 %) and UL-cycles (23 %) had intermediate pregnancy rates (P &gt; 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Cryopreservation protocol did not impact sperm quality or fertility. However, the association of semen re-extension in SP and post-insemination UL improved fertility outcomes in jennies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15798,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Veterinary Science","volume":"150 ","pages":"Article 105613"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144170249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chronic pancreatitis associated with hypertriglyceridemia in a domestic donkey (Equus asinus)","authors":"F.M. Pastor,&nbsp;A.L.S. Miranda,&nbsp;N.C.C. Monteiro,&nbsp;T.S. Carvalho,&nbsp;C.A. Diamantino,&nbsp;S.O. Barros,&nbsp;L.E.C. Torres,&nbsp;F.O. Paes Leme,&nbsp;R.P.A. Maranhão,&nbsp;N.M. Ocarino,&nbsp;R. Serakides","doi":"10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105612","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105612","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pancreatitis is extremely rare in domestic donkeys; hence, definitive antemortem diagnosis is difficult. Herein, we report the case of a four-year-old male domestic Pêga donkey (<em>Equus asinus</em>) with signs of abdominal pain and dysuria. The donkey was fed a high-calorie diet, was obese, and had high serum concentrations of triglycerides, lipase, and amylase. Despite analgesia, abdominal pain was uncontrollable, and the animal was euthanized. Clinical, laboratory, and pathological findings confirmed the diagnosis of chronic, multifocal to coalescent, lymphocytic, and necrotizing pancreatitis associated with hypertriglyceridemia. Pancreatitis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of equids that present with abdominal pain of unknown origin, particularly in those with high serum triglyceride concentrations. Appropriate species management, including a balanced diet and regular exercise, may help prevent obesity and the onset of associated endocrine and metabolic complications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15798,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Veterinary Science","volume":"150 ","pages":"Article 105612"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144127458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Survey of veterinarians’ usage and satisfaction with intra-articular polyacrylamide gel in horses","authors":"Mathilde Pluim ,&nbsp;Thibault Frippiat","doi":"10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105610","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105610","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polyacrylamide gel is increasingly used in equine veterinary medicine for osteoarthritis and other joint disorders. This study aimed to document the indications, treatment protocols, rehabilitation plans, outcomes, and satisfaction with intra-articular polyacrylamide gel in horses, as reported by equine veterinarians. An online questionnaire was distributed to practitioners through the European and American Colleges of Veterinary Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation mailing lists, social media, and direct contact. Of 197 respondents, 160 completed the survey, forming the basis for the descriptive statistical analysis. The primary indications for polyacrylamide gel use were chronic synovitis/osteoarthritis (87.1%) and failure of prior joint treatment (83.6%). Treatment protocols, post-treatment rehabilitation plans, and clinical outcomes varied among practitioners and respondent groups based on experience and disciplinary focus (assessed using automated A/B or Kruskal-Wallis with post-hoc Dunn’s test). Most respondents reported return to full exercise from week 4 post-treatment. Complications, worsening, or lack of improvement following treatment were rare, while complete recovery, partial improvement, or transient improvement were commonly observed. Median satisfaction score among respondents was rated 8/10. As expected with the study design, the responses limited detailed insights into individual experiences and may reflect response bias, with most respondents being specialized or focused on equine orthopedics. Despite these limitations, the survey highlights a general good satisfaction with intra-articular polyacrylamide gel, mainly for chronic synovitis/osteoarthritis and use after failure of prior joint treatment, with low reported complication rates and favorable outcomes. These findings support developing standardized guidelines for intra-articular polyacrylamide gel treatment and post-treatment rehabilitation protocols in horses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15798,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Veterinary Science","volume":"150 ","pages":"Article 105610"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144119898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of an intra-articular carboxymethylcellulose crosslinked hydrogel in horses with osteoarthritis","authors":"R. Rinnovati ,&nbsp;A. Spadari ,&nbsp;A. Malpighi ,&nbsp;F. Meistro ,&nbsp;M.V. Ralletti ,&nbsp;E. Marcucci ,&nbsp;M.A. Tarasconi ,&nbsp;R. Lo Chiatto ,&nbsp;S. Della Tommasa","doi":"10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105611","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105611","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Numerous treatment strategies have been proposed to manage osteoarthritis (OA) in sport horses. Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), is used in veterinary medicine for various purposes.</div></div><div><h3>Aims/objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to assess the efficacy of a CMC hydrogel in reducing clinical lameness in horses with OA affecting joint. The hypothesis was that intra-articular CMC would produce a sustained reduction in lameness compared to a control treatment.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Thirty client-owned horses diagnosed with OA-related lameness in the metacarpophalangeal joint were enrolled. Horses were randomly assigned to two groups: the treated group (n = 16) received a single intra-articular injection of CMC hydrogel (3 ml/joint); the control group (n = 14) received 12 mg/joint of triamcinolone acetonide (TA) and 20 mg/joint of hyaluronic acid (HA). Lameness was evaluated at baseline and at 15, 30, and 90 days using a standardized AAEP scoring system. Treatment success was defined as a reduction of at least one lameness grade without additional therapy. Statistical analysis included the Kruskal–Wallis test and Chi-Square test; significance was set at P &lt; 0.05.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>At 90 days, 12/16 horses (75%) in the treated group achieved success (mean score 1.3 ± 0.6), compared to 1/14 horses (7.1%) in the control group (mean reduction 0.2 ± 0.4; P = 0.001). At 15 days, 3/15 CMC horses (20%) improved vs. 13/14 controls (90%). At 30 days, success was 75% in both groups.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Intra-articular administration of CMC hydrogel provided a delayed but longer-lasting improvement in lameness compared to corticosteroid and HA treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15798,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Veterinary Science","volume":"150 ","pages":"Article 105611"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144115665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Readers Information","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S0737-0806(25)00263-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0737-0806(25)00263-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15798,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Veterinary Science","volume":"149 ","pages":"Article 105605"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144069780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Injection of the insertion of the collateral ligament of the distal interphalangeal joint in standing horses using the palmar radiographic-guided approach","authors":"C.J. Kirkpatrick ,&nbsp;N.S. Ernst ,&nbsp;T.N. Trumble","doi":"10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105600","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105600","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Injury to the collateral ligament (CL) of the distal interphalangeal joint (DIPJ) is recognized as a source of lameness in horses. Intralesional injection has been advocated to increase return to performance. This study was a proof-of-concept study in standing horses to evaluate success of a palmar radiographic-guided approach for injecting insertions of the DIPJ CLs previously described in cadaver limbs. Horses were sedated, nerve blocked, and placed on wooden blocks with the limb to be injected staggered approximately 20 cm cranially to the other limb. The DIPJ CL insertion was injected, using the palmar radiographic-guided technique, with 0.5 ml of new methylene blue (NMB) dye using an 18g, 9 cm spinal needle. The lateral or medial CL was randomly assigned to one forelimb for injection. Lateromedial and dorsopalmar radiographs were taken to confirm correct location of the needle. Following injection, needles were removed, and horses were euthanized. Two hours after euthanasia, the metacarpophalangeal joint was disarticulated, and the hoof wall was removed. The DIPJ, injected CL, and periligamentous structures (PLS) were assessed for presence of NMB dye. A total of 20 CLs, 10 medial and 10 lateral, were injected. Overall, 19/20 (95%) had dye in CL insertions; 4/20 (20%) had dye only in CL insertion, 6/20 (30%) had dye in CL insertion and DIPJ, and 9/20 (45%) had dye in CL insertion and PLS; 1/20 (5%) had dye only in PLS. A palmar radiographic-guided approach using a staggered stance is a reliable, repeatable way to inject DIPJ CL insertions in sedated horses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15798,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Veterinary Science","volume":"150 ","pages":"Article 105600"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144012236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does age and parity affect the oxidative profile of pregnant and postpartum mares?","authors":"R․R․ Rosa Filho ,&nbsp;D.S. França ,&nbsp;M.A. Alonso ,&nbsp;A.V. Riccio ,&nbsp;F.J. Affonso ,&nbsp;M.M. Brito ,&nbsp;M.C.P. Francischini ,&nbsp;M. Nichi ,&nbsp;Y. Boakari ,&nbsp;C.B. Fernandes","doi":"10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105597","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105597","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>During gestation, there is a higher energy demand which increases oxygen requirements. As a result, there is an elevated production of reactive oxygen species. Notably, unlike in horses, the effects of maternal age and parity on women's oxidative profiles are well-documented. Thus, this study aimed to investigate oxidative changes in mares during the last third of gestation and the postpartum period, considering age and parity. Seventeen mares were categorized by age (3-7, 8-11, ≥12 years) and parity (nulliparous, 1-3, 4-6 parities). Oxidative processes were assessed using Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS), protein oxidation, total iron, and magnesium. Antioxidant defenses were measured through glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and superoxide dismutase activities. Results indicated an age and gestational duration interaction, notably with magnesium levels. Glutathione peroxidase levels were higher in older mares, with a time effect observed among groups. Conversely, glutathione reductase, superoxide dismutase, lipid and protein oxidation, and total iron showed no significant variations during the study. In conclusion, maternal age influences glutathione peroxidase and magnesium concentrations during the final trimester of gestation, parturition, and postpartum phases in mares. This research sheds light on oxidative variations in mares during pregnancy and postpartum, offering insights into the role of maternal age in antioxidant mechanisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15798,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Veterinary Science","volume":"150 ","pages":"Article 105597"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143983221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differentiation of equine paranasal sinus cysts and progressive ethmoid haematomas on computed tomographic images","authors":"D. Berner ,&nbsp;M. Hellige ,&nbsp;G.G. Harvey ,&nbsp;K. Gerlach ,&nbsp;M. Iglesias-Garcia ,&nbsp;G. Manso-Diaz","doi":"10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105609","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105609","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Paranasal sinus cysts (PSC) and progressive ethmoid haematomas (PEH) are regularly observed in the paranasal sinus system. Due to their different prognosis and treatment options, differentiation of both lesions prior to surgery on computed tomographic (CT) images is important for guidance. It was hypothesised that PSC and PEH can be reliably differentiated on CT images. The database of four European equine referral centres were retrospectively searched for horses that had undergone a CT examination of the head and had a confirmed PSC or PEH. Additionally, cases with confirmed sinusitis were selected as control cases. Images were anonymised and evaluated by different observers to investigate their ability to differentiate these diseases. Multiple imaging characteristics were evaluated for all diseases. Ninety-seven horses were included, final diagnosis was PEH in 24, PSC in 28, and sinusitis in 45 horses. Substantial to almost perfect agreement between CT diagnosis and final diagnosis for all three observers was found. Heterogeneity and attenuation of the lesion were graded significantly higher in PEH. Mineralisation within the soft tissue structure, inner and outer distortion of bone and soft tissues, a mineralised wall, and dental distortion were significantly more common in PSC. Only cases that subsequently underwent treatment were included, therefore, most cases were at an advanced stage. Histological examination was not available in all cases. Differentiation between PEH and PSC on CT images was excellent, and the reported different characteristics might help clinicians to distinguish between both diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15798,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Veterinary Science","volume":"150 ","pages":"Article 105609"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143937339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}