Journal of Equine Veterinary Science最新文献

{"title":"Readers Information","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S0737-0806(25)00303-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0737-0806(25)00303-X","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15798,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Veterinary Science","volume":"151 ","pages":"Article 105645"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144596250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Arteritis, aneurysm and thromboembolic colic caused by migration of Strongylus vulgaris larvae in equids","authors":"E.P.F. Souto ,&nbsp;V.W. Dantas ,&nbsp;A.M. Oliveira ,&nbsp;D.S. Garcia ,&nbsp;V.L.R. Vilela ,&nbsp;E.G. Miranta Neto ,&nbsp;R.A. Mota ,&nbsp;A.F.M. Dantas","doi":"10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105650","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105650","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div><em>Strongylus vulgaris</em> remains a significant cause of disease in equids, especially in regions with insufficient deworming practices.</div></div><div><h3>Aims/Objectives</h3><div>To describe the epidemiological, clinical, pathological, and parasitological findings of vascular and extravascular lesions associated with <em>S. vulgaris</em> in equids.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A retrospective analysis was conducted on necropsy reports from equids examined at the Animal Pathology Laboratory, Federal University of Campina Grande (2000–2024), targeting cases of vascular lesions associated with <em>S. vulgaris</em>. Epidemiological, clinical, and pathological findings were reviewed. Tissue samples were routinely processed for histopathology, and nematodes within vascular lesions were identified by light microscopy.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of 938 necropsied equids, 804 (85.7 %) were horses, 89 (9.4 %) donkeys, and 45 (4.7 %) mules. Cranial mesenteric artery (CMA) lesions were identified in 54 animals (5.7 %), comprising 45 horses, 6 donkeys, and 3 mules. Affected equids ranged from 3 months to 30 years of age, and included 29 females and 25 males. Most were mixed-breed (66.7 %), raised under a semi-intensive system (98.1 %), and from states in northeastern Brazil. Nearly all cases (98.1 %) were incidental necropsy findings, except for one fatal case of thromboembolic colic. Gross vascular lesions included segmental focal thickening (92.6 %) or aneurysms (7.4 %), often with intralesional nematodes. Histopathology revealed endarteritis, fibrinocellular thrombi, and intralesional <em>S. vulgaris</em> larvae, identified by parasitological evaluation.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Verminous lesions by <em>S. vulgaris</em> should be considered in the differential diagnosis of vascular and extravascular abnormalities in equids. This study highlights the importance of examining the CMA during necropsies and laparotomies in equids from endemic regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15798,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Veterinary Science","volume":"152 ","pages":"Article 105650"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144618551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction on reproductive performance in Thoroughbred mares","authors":"H. Murase ,&nbsp;S. Wachi ,&nbsp;R. Matsuyama ,&nbsp;K. Makita ,&nbsp;F. Sato","doi":"10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105651","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105651","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID) is an age-related disease considered to have a negative impact on fertility. To understand the true impact of PPID on fertility, the influence of age must be considered.</div></div><div><h3>Aims/objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to assess the impact of PPID on fertility while accounting for the effect of aging.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 332 Thoroughbred mares aged 10–20 years and managed across 137 private farms in Hidaka, Hokkaido, Japan were classified as PPID, equivocal, or non-PPID based on plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone concentration in 2019 and 2020. The prevalence of PPID and its associations with age and blood biochemistry parameters, including prolactin, were investigated. Multivariable logistic regression analyses, adjustments for potentially confounders including mare’s age, PPID status were conducted to evaluate their impact on fertility.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The prevalence of PPID was 9.04 %. No significant differences in prolactin concentrations were observed among PPID status groups. The adjusted odds ratio (AOR) for the interaction between age and PPID status was 0.49 (95 %CI; 0.26-0.91, <em>p</em> = 0.02), indicating a greater age-related decline in pregnancy rate in PPID mares compared to non-PPID mares. Of the 30 PPID mares, 24 were assigned to either treated or untreated groups, and monitored for pregnancy outcomes in the following spring. Pregnancy rates were 80 % (12/15) in treated mares and 44.4 % (4/9) in untreated mares (<em>p</em> = 0.10). The AOR for pregnancy in treated mares, relative to untreated mares, was 2.98 (95 %CI; 0.26-24.61, <em>p</em> = 0.31).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>PPID was suggested to negatively impact on fertility with aging.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15798,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Veterinary Science","volume":"152 ","pages":"Article 105651"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144618569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mixed infection of Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum and Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis in a mare (Equus ferus caballus) from Minas Gerais State, Southeastern Brazil.","authors":"Anna Luiza Moreira Martins, Letícia Gracielle Tôrres de Miranda Estevam, Marina Andrade Freire, Ana Cristina Vianna Mariano da Rocha Lima, Flávia Carvalho Bitencourt de Oliveira, Felipe Dutra-Rêgo, Gustavo Mayr de Lima Carvalho, Vitor Márcio Ribeiro, Gustavo Fontes Paz","doi":"10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105649","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Equine leishmaniasis is a widespread disease in Brazil, mainly caused by Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis, with occasional cases involving Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum. This study reports a mixed infection in a 6-year-old mare from rural Itabirito, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The mare exhibited nodular cutaneous lesions on all limbs but had no other health issues. Skin and bone marrow samples were collected and analyzed using parasitological and molecular methods targeting the hsp70 gene and ITS1 region. Both L. (V.) braziliensis and L. (L.) infantum were identified, confirming a mixed infection. Notably, this is the first confirmed isolation of L. (V.) braziliensis from equine cutaneous lesions. These findings highlight the importance of recognizing equids as potential reservoirs in the transmission of leishmaniasis, which has implications for disease control and epidemiological surveillance.</p>","PeriodicalId":15798,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Veterinary Science","volume":" ","pages":"105649"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144618570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the extent to which ataxia and responsiveness to stimuli reflect the efficacy of xylazine sedation using pharmacokinetics","authors":"Elouise K. Bacon ,&nbsp;Carrie J. Finno ,&nbsp;Callum G. Donnelly ,&nbsp;Bianca Haase ,&nbsp;Heather K. Knych ,&nbsp;Brandon D. Velie","doi":"10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105652","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105652","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Clinical assessments of equine sedation typically rely on subjective observations, the accuracy of which is paramount to the safety of equine veterinary procedures.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>To assess the degree in which subjective clinical sedative evaluations reflect pharmacokinetic measurements of equine drug metabolism, xylazine hydrochloride, an alpha-2 adrenoreceptor agonist, was administered to 36 horses of varying breed and age at a dosage of 0.5 mg/kg body weight. Subjective clinical parameters were scored at 5-, 15-, 30-, 45- and 60-minutes post xylazine administration and included responsiveness to sound, touch, visual stimuli, and observed degree of ataxia. Blood samples were collected at each time interval and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry was performed to determine serum plasma concentrations of xylazine (XC) and 4-OH-xylazine (OHXC). Spearman’s and Kendall’s rank correlations assessed associations between subjective and objective measures of xylazine sedation.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Ataxia demonstrated the strongest association, showing moderate positive correlation with both XC and OHXC (<em>r</em> = 0.63 and <em>r</em> = 0.58 respectively). Whilst all individual stimuli measures were significantly (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05) associated with both XC and OHXC, correlation for each was classified as negligible, ranging from <em>r</em> = -0.158 to -0.247. Combined stimuli responsiveness scores marginally improved the correlation with both XC and OHXC over that of individual stimuli measures yet remained classified as negligible correlation (XC <em>r</em> = -0.29, OHXC <em>r</em> = -0.28).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study highlights the limited correlation between stimuli-based sedation assessments and xylazine plasma concentrations, underscoring the importance of multifactorial evaluations with the inclusion of ataxia when assessing sedation for clinical procedures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15798,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Veterinary Science","volume":"152 ","pages":"Article 105652"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144613877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics analysis of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection after intravenous and per os administration in Thoroughbred horses","authors":"Taisuke Kuroda ,&nbsp;Yohei Minamijima ,&nbsp;Hidekazu Niwa ,&nbsp;Hiroshi Mita ,&nbsp;Motoi Nomura ,&nbsp;Minoru Ohta","doi":"10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105640","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105640","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>A pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) approach was used to determine the dosage regimens of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole for methicillin-resistant <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> (MRSA) infections after intravenous (IV) and per os (PO) administration in horses.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole plasma concentrations were measured in six horses after a single IV administration of 15 mg/kg (2.5 mg/kg trimethoprim and 12.5 mg/kg sulfamethoxazole) and PO administration of 30 mg/kg (5.0 mg/kg trimethoprim and 25.0 mg/kg sulfamethoxazole). The data were modeled using a nonlinear mixed-effects model. The probability of target attainment (PTA) of the PK/PD target defined as the ratio of the area under the free plasma concentration-time curve to the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) over 25 h was calculated for 5000 horses using Monte Carlo simulations.</div></div><div><h3>Results and conclusion</h3><div>Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole dosage regimens of 15 mg/kg IV and 30 mg/kg PO at the approved interval of q12h did not attain therapeutic targets for MRSA infections in horses. More frequent administration (q8h) may be necessary to achieve these targets. In addition, this standard dosage achieved only 90 % PTA against the MIC of 0.125/2.38 mg/L and did not achieve against the MIC for the CLSI breakpoint for humans (2.0/38 mg/L).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15798,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Veterinary Science","volume":"152 ","pages":"Article 105640"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144588463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What ‘knot’ to do whilst castrating donkeys. A retrospective comparison of ligation method on spermatic cord haemorrhage in 261 donkeys castrated by vet students in rural Malawi using transfixing and modified millers' ligatures","authors":"A. Yeomans ,&nbsp;R. Hampson ,&nbsp;T. Razemba","doi":"10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105639","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105639","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Special considerations for donkeys undergoing castration compared with horses include the presence of large scrotal vessels, larger testicular artery and vein and the consequential increased risk of post-operative haemorrhage which necessitates spermatic cord ligation.</div></div><div><h3>Aims/objectives</h3><div>This retrospective study compares haemorrhagic complication rates between two methods of spermatic cord ligation in donkeys castrated in rural Malawi.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>All donkeys presenting to Veterinary Education Malawi / Lilongwe Society for the Protection and Care of Animals rural large animal outreach clinics for castration between February 2020 and August 2024 that underwent castration, performed by veterinary studentswho had undergone training in surgical castration were included. From 02.2020-02.2024 a transfixing ligature was placed and from February 2024 a modified millers’ knot was placed. Age, weight and incidence of spermatic cord haemorrhage were recorded.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Two-hundred-sixty-one donkeys were included, with a median age of 4 years (inter-quartile-range (IQR); 3.5). Spermatic cord haemorrhage was recorded during significantly more procedures where a transfixing ligature was placed (6; 3.8 %, confidence interval 95 % (CI): 0.7-7 %) compared with procedures where a modified millers’ knot was placed (0; 0 %, CI: 0-0 %). Age or weight did not significantly differ between treatment groups or between cases where haemorrhage was and was not recorded.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This is the first study to compare the outcomes between two methods of spermatic cord ligation in donkeys. The modified millers’ knot is easy to apply, provides excellent hemostasis and may be preferentially used over the transfixing ligature for ligation of the spermatic cord in donkeys undergoing castration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15798,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Veterinary Science","volume":"152 ","pages":"Article 105639"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144553714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying insulinemic responses of ID horses offered varying levels of NSC and meal-sizes","authors":"B.S. Kerley ,&nbsp;P. Harris ,&nbsp;E. Jacquay ,&nbsp;M. Askins ,&nbsp;M. McClendon ,&nbsp;A.A. Adams","doi":"10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105638","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105638","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Feeding small meals (∼1 g/kg BW DM basis) providing &gt;10% nonstructural carbohydrates (NSC; starch + water soluble carbohydrate; WSC) has resulted in an augmented insulin response (AIR) in insulin dysregulated (ID) horses, but it’s unclear if AIR reflects NSC content or the g NSC/kg BW/meal.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives and methods</h3><div>The insulinemic responses of ID (<em>n</em> = 7) and non-insulin dysregulated (NID; <em>n</em> = 8) horses fed four feeds (<em>A</em> = 6.8% NSC; <em>B</em> = 14.9% NSC; <em>C</em> = 35.5% NSC; <em>D</em> = 44.6% NSC) at three levels of NSC intake (0.06, 0.11-0.12 and 0.17-0.18 g/kg BW) were evaluated in a randomized Latin square design across two phases.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>ID horses had higher incremental area under the curve (IAUCi; ID: 3223.05±3229.5 vs. NID: 907.2 ± 976.4 IU/mL*minute), 60-minutes post-meal consumption (T60; ID: 43.4 ± 48.8 vs. NID: 12.6 ± 14.6 µIU/ mL) and delta (ID: 20.9 ± 41.7 vs. NID: 6.2 ± 11.4 µIU/mL) insulin for all treatment diets compared to NID horses (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.0001). In Phase 1, ID horse T60 insulin for feedstuff A, was higher with 0.17 compared to 0.06 and 0.11 g NSC/kg BW/meal (<em>p</em> = 0.02); and for B, again, greater for the 0.11 and 0.17 than the 0.06 g NSC/kg BW/meal (<em>p</em> = 0.002). In Phase 2, the T60 insulin of ID horses was higher when given D at 0.18 compared to 0.06 and 0.12 g NSC/kg BW/meal (<em>p</em> = 0.008).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Augmented post-prandial insulinemic responses occurred in ID horses fed small meals of pelleted feedstuffs with ≥0.11-0.12 g NSC/kg BW regardless of feed % NSC; however, considerable variation suggests the need for individual monitoring.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15798,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Veterinary Science","volume":"151 ","pages":"Article 105638"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144528169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Carbohydrate digestion in the stomach of horses grazed on pasture, fed hay or hay and oats” [Journal of Equine Veterinary Science Volume 141 (2024) 105152]","authors":"Martin Bachmann ,&nbsp;Gerald Fritz Schusser ,&nbsp;Monika Wensch-Dorendorf ,&nbsp;Caroline Pisch ,&nbsp;Mandy Bochnia ,&nbsp;Milena Marie Santo ,&nbsp;Hanna Netzker ,&nbsp;Gerhard Woitow ,&nbsp;Jens Thielebein ,&nbsp;Stefan Kesting ,&nbsp;Gerhard Riehl ,&nbsp;Jörg Michael Greef ,&nbsp;Karin Heinichen ,&nbsp;Annette Zeyner","doi":"10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105635","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105635","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15798,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Veterinary Science","volume":"151 ","pages":"Article 105635"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144491938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of use of respiratory physiotherapy in treatment of young foals with pneumonia","authors":"H.S. Rossi ,&nbsp;A.K. Mykkänen ,&nbsp;A.M. Teppo ,&nbsp;J.J.T. Junnila ,&nbsp;H.K. Hyytiäinen","doi":"10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105637","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105637","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Pneumonia is a common condition in young, hospitalized foals, causing accumulation of inflammatory secretions to the airways. In humans, respiratory physiotherapy is commonly used as a supplementary treatment for pneumonia with varying results regarding its efficacy, but the efficacy in foals has not been assessed to date.</div></div><div><h3>Aims</h3><div>This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of respiratory physiotherapy as a supplementary therapy method for young foals with pneumonia.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 44 foals with pneumonia aged under a month were used. The prospective intervention group receiving daily respiratory physiotherapy (<em>n</em> = 16) was compared with a historical control group (<em>n</em> = 28) consisting of foals previously treated for pneumonia without respiratory physiotherapy. Respiratory physiotherapy included manual techniques aiming to clear secretions from the airways such as chest wall percussion and vibration, and postural drainage. The main outcomes assessed before and after physiotherapy interventions included oxygenation evaluation via pulse oximetry measurements and arterial blood samples, determination of respiratory rate, assessment of breathing sounds and respiratory type, and assessment of adverse effects.</div></div><div><h3>Results and conclusion</h3><div>Respiratory physiotherapy as a supplementary therapy for foal pneumonia was found to be safe and feasible. However, it did not result in significant clinical improvements in the evaluated parameters, apart from a potential increase in oxygen saturation immediately after the intervention (95.1 ± 4.5 % before and 96.1 ± 3.8 % after physiotherapy, <em>P</em> = 0.015). This finding warrants further investigation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15798,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Veterinary Science","volume":"151 ","pages":"Article 105637"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144511966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}