Journal of Equine Veterinary Science最新文献

{"title":"How prior racing performance influences competition level in off-the-track Thoroughbred horses’ post-racing eventing careers","authors":"Elouise K Bacon,&nbsp;Danica Parnell,&nbsp;Gary Muscatello,&nbsp;Jaimie McElroy,&nbsp;Brandon D Velie","doi":"10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105679","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105679","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The ongoing discussion surrounding the well-being of retired racehorses underscores the importance of implementing effective rehoming strategies that prioritise animal welfare. A significant knowledge gap persists regarding whether a horse’s success in racing can be used to reliably predict its performance in different equestrian sports upon retirement from racing.</div></div><div><h3>Aims/Objectives</h3><div>To examine the association between racehorse performance metrics and eventing metrics in off-the-track Thoroughbreds that compete in eventing within Australia.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Racing metrics and eventing metrics for a sample of off-the-track Thoroughbreds (<em>n</em> = 6,828) registered with Equestrian Australia were collated. Summary statistics of racing metrics were estimated and assessed for differences between horses competing in eventing at level EvA95 and above versus horses competing at levels below EvA95. Generalised linear models were applied to assess the influence of racing performance metrics on eventing performance measures at levels EvA95 and above.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Horses that failed to reach an eventing level of EvA95 were shown to have had significantly (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01) better racing performance and longer racing careers. Time elapsed since last race was shown to be favourably associated with most eventing parameters assessed and longer best race distances were shown to be significantly associated with higher levels of eventing achieved.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Riders seeking high-level eventing prospects may want to prioritize Thoroughbreds that excelled at longer race distances; however, racing performance alone does not appear to be a reliable predictor of success in eventing. Other factors, such as stride characteristics and the suitability of the rider-horse partnership, also warrant thoughtful consideration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15798,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Veterinary Science","volume":"154 ","pages":"Article 105679"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144933791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of mixed polyphenol supplementation on lower airway inflammation in horses with Equine Asthma Syndrome","authors":"K.M. Andrews,&nbsp;L.J. Berghaus,&nbsp;K.A. Hart","doi":"10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105681","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105681","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Equine Asthma Syndrome (EAS) is a chronic inflammatory respiratory disease of adult horses. While dietary polyphenols have shown anti-inflammatory effects in human asthma, their use in equine asthma has not been studied.</div></div><div><h3>Aims</h3><div>To evaluate the effects of a mixed polyphenol supplement on systemic and pulmonary inflammation, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cytology, and clinical respiratory signs in healthy and asthmatic horses. We hypothesized that polyphenol supplementation would decrease systemic and pulmonary inflammation in both healthy and asthmatic horses and would improve BAL cytology and clinical respiratory signs in asthmatic horses.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In Part One, 18 horses (eight healthy, 10 asthmatic) received a daily mixed polyphenol supplement for 6–8 weeks. Physical examination, BAL cytology, and cytokine concentrations in serum and BAL fluid were assessed before and after supplementation. In Part Two, 10 asthmatic horses were randomized into supplemented and control groups (<em>n</em> = 5/group). After 4 weeks on a low-dust diet with or without supplementation, airway inflammation was exacerbated using dusty hay for 4 weeks. Clinical respiratory signs, rebreathing exam findings, and pulmonary inflammation were assessed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In asthmatic horses in Part One, BAL % neutrophils and BAL IL-6 concentrations significantly decreased post-supplementation (<em>P</em> = 0.02; 95 % CI = 93.86 to 913.2 pg/ml), and a greater decrease in BAL IL-10 was observed in asthmatic compared to healthy horses (<em>P</em> = 0.02; 95 % CI = -22.4 to -0.01). In Part Two, the proportion of horses with abnormal rebreathing exams differed significantly between groups (<em>P</em> = 0.002; 95 % CI = 0.11 to 0.41), and supplemented horses had significantly lower respiratory rates (<em>P</em> = 0.008; 95 % CI = -18.0 to -4.0).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Polyphenol supplementation may modulate pulmonary inflammation and improve clinical signs in mildly asthmatic horses when combined with environmental management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15798,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Veterinary Science","volume":"154 ","pages":"Article 105681"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144956609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cytoplasmic and nuclear Survivin expression in healthy gastric mucosae of equids: A comparative study between horses, donkeys, and mules","authors":"A.L. Medina-Bolívar ,&nbsp;J.D. Muñoz-Duque ,&nbsp;J.R. Martínez-Aranzales","doi":"10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105678","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105678","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Information regarding Survivin protein expression in the gastric mucosa of equids is scarce. This protein has been associated with functions related to modulating apoptosis and promoting mitosis in epithelial cells and is considered part of gastric cytoprotection mechanisms in humans and mice, maintaining mucosal integrity and regulating cellular renewal.</div></div><div><h3>Aims/objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to determine the expression of cytoplasmic and nuclear Survivin in gastric mucosae of equids (horses, donkeys, and mules).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 30 healthy stomachs, 10 from each species, were evaluated using histology and immunohistochemistry techniques. Survivin protein was detected with antibody EP119 and with the polymer method.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Immunohistochemistry revealed survivin expression in the gastric mucosa of equids. In horses and mules, the survivin index was evident in the cytoplasm of both glandular (59 ± 55; 55 ± 40) and squamous (15 ± 16; 18 ± 19) mucosa, being significantly higher in the glandular mucosa (P = 0.001; P = 0.041), respectively. In contrast, donkeys showed a higher survivin index in the cytoplasm, but no significant difference was observed between the two types of mucosa (P = 0.506).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Survivin expression in the healthy gastric tissue of equids was localized to the lamina propria and the basal layer of the epithelial layer, predominantly within the cytoplasmic compartment of the cells. However, further techniques are needed to study this protein in Equine Gastric Ulcer Syndrome (EGUS) to assess its potential role in cytoprotection and gastro-adaptation in these species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15798,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Veterinary Science","volume":"153 ","pages":"Article 105678"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144895785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphometric characteristics of quarter horses in barrel racing events: impacts on performance and competitive success","authors":"Giovanna Polo Freitag ,&nbsp;Luis Gustavo Freitag de Lima ,&nbsp;Luiz Ernandes Kozicki ,&nbsp;Fernando Andrade Souza ,&nbsp;Eriklis Nogueira ,&nbsp;Leonir Bueno Ribeiro","doi":"10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105676","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105676","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aims</h3><div>This study investigated the influence of morphometric characteristics on performance in Quarter Horses competing in barrel racing.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 125 horses were assessed using 28 linear and angular body measurements derived from standardized left-side photographs captured via smartphone and analyzed with open-source software.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Measurements were subjected to exploratory factor analysis, extracting six principal components (forequarters, hindquarters, midsection, posterior angles, scapular traits, age and weight), which together explained 83.0 % of the morphological variance. Forequarter morphology, including withers height and limb lengths, accounted for 37.4 % of the variation in race performance. Hierarchical cluster analysis grouped horses by trial times, revealing that animals with faster times exhibited significantly larger ribcage dimensions, longer scapulae, and greater coxofemoral angles. A multivariate regression model incorporating the principal components predicted individual potential trial times with high accuracy (R² = 0.6848; <em>P</em> = 0.0388), and comparisons with actual times confirmed the model’s validity. Age and body weight were also relevant, with younger, well-muscled horses demonstrating superior performance.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Forequarter conformation, scapular inclination, and indicators of respiratory and muscular capacity were strong predictors of barrel racing success in Quarter Horses, and image-based morphometric analysis was a valuable tool for performance prediction and selection in this study.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15798,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Veterinary Science","volume":"153 ","pages":"Article 105676"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144873419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Readers Information","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S0737-0806(25)00325-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0737-0806(25)00325-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15798,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Veterinary Science","volume":"152 ","pages":"Article 105667"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144842600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) improved semen quality and sperm DNA of frozen-thawed Arabian stallions preserved in modified INRA-82 extender","authors":"Amal M. Aboelmaaty ,&nbsp;Islam El-Sayed El-Seadawy ,&nbsp;Mohamed Saeed Kotp ,&nbsp;Alaa A. Mohamed ,&nbsp;Hazem Ahmed El-Debaky ,&nbsp;Diya A. El-Badry ,&nbsp;Abeer M. Anwer ,&nbsp;Tsvetan Tsvetkov ,&nbsp;Teodora Daneva ,&nbsp;Mahmoud A. Elgabry","doi":"10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105675","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105675","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Alpha-tocopherol is one of the non-enzymatic lipophilic antioxidants. Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) is a synthetic analog with similar modes of action in protecting the cryopreserved sperms.</div></div><div><h3>Aims/objectives</h3><div>This study hypothesized that a certain concentration of any antioxidant is suitable for improving the post-thaw semen quality of stallions.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>To determine the optimum BHT concentration, a synthetic antioxidant similar to vitamin E in potency and scavenging oxidative stress power in concentrations of 0.0, 0.25, 0.50, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 mM/ml were added to semen extender. The post-thaw sperm progressive motility at 0, 1 h, 2 h, and 3 h, the sperm viability index, the plasma membrane integrity tested by the hypo-osmotic swelling test (HOST), the acrosome integrity, non-fragmented DNA, % of DNA in the comet head, % of DNA in the comet tail, comet tail length, and comet tail moment were compared.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>According to our hypothesis, 1.0 mM BHT was the most suitable concentration that preserved the highest (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.0001) post-thaw sperm progressive motility at 0.0, 1 h, 2 h, 3 h., the highest viability index (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.0001), plasma membrane and acrosome integrities (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.0001),non-fragmented DNA (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001), and % of DNA in the comet head (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001), the lowest DNA % in the comet tail (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) and comet tail moment (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.0001), and the shortest (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.0001) comet tail length.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The concentrations of BHT around 1.0 mM/ml (0.5, 2.0mM/ml) proved better post-thaw semen characteristics, but increasing BHT concentrations from &gt;2.0mM/ml to 4.0 mM/ml started to deteriorate semen quality than non-supplemented control. The optimum BHT concentration for modified INRA-82 is 1.0 mM/ml.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15798,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Veterinary Science","volume":"153 ","pages":"Article 105675"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144862249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emergence of a new alveolar dental element after extraction of a molar tooth in a horse","authors":"L.L.V. Oliveira ,&nbsp;M.C.A.R. Caldas ,&nbsp;L.M.E. Marval ,&nbsp;C.A. Marval ,&nbsp;J.G.S. Carvalho ,&nbsp;J.J.R.T. Matos ,&nbsp;B.D. Malacarne ,&nbsp;C.F.R. Paz","doi":"10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105673","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105673","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A 2-year-old mixed-breed mare was examined at the property due to swelling and fistula on the right mandible. Oral examination and radiographs revealed the presence of an apical abscess involving the 410 tooth. The tooth was extracted entirely and confirmed radiographically. One year later, the owner reported a reoccurrence of clinical signs. A new radiographic evaluation revealed a radiopaque area in the alveolar socket of the 410 tooth filled with spongy-looking bone. An extraoral approach to the alveolar socket was performed, and the content removed had the appearance of a dental element.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15798,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Veterinary Science","volume":"153 ","pages":"Article 105673"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144847072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management of retained fetal membranes by umbilical vessel infusion in mares submitted to elective C-section","authors":"Marcos Eduardo Neto ,&nbsp;Bruna R. Curcio ,&nbsp;Leandro A. Rafael ,&nbsp;Giovana M. Pivato ,&nbsp;Gabriela C. Silva ,&nbsp;Rafaela P. Souza ,&nbsp;Mariana A. Mousquer ,&nbsp;Carlos E.W. Nogueira","doi":"10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105662","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105662","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The cesarian section (C-section) is a potential risk factor for retained fetal membranes (RFM) in mares, requiring prompt diagnosis and treatment to enhance outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the use of umbilical vessel infusion for the treatment of RFM after elective C-section in mares. Ten pregnant criollo type-mares at 315 days of gestation were monitored daily and underwent elective C-section upon readiness for birth. All mares exhibited RFM, with placentas retained beyond three hours careful extraction of the foal by C-section. Those were randomly assigned into two groups: Umbilical vessel infusion (<em>n</em> = 5): using of low-pressure 0.9 % saline solution infusion into the umbilical vessel; or Counterweight (<em>n</em> = 5): involving a light counterweight (1 kg) attached to the exposed fetal membrane. Mares that presented time from onset treatment to full separation and expulsion of the fetal membrane by 40 min were classified as responsive to treatment. There were no differences in mares’ age (8 ± 2, 3-20 years), gestational length (333 ± 3, 328-360 d), foal weight (38 ± 2, 30-50 Kg), the surgical time to C-section (124 ± 5, 90-150 min), and time of uterine manipulation during C-section (57 ± 3, 45-70 min) between groups. Results showed that 80 % (<em>n</em> = 4/5) of mares in the Umbilical Vessel Infusion group achieved membrane expulsion within 40 minutes, while none (0 %, <em>n</em> = 0/5) in the Counterweight group responded within this timeframe (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Mares receiving the umbilical vessel infusion method have not experienced severe signs of discomfort, pain, or additional secondary side effects after the procedure. In conclusion, umbilical vessel infusion is an effective, safe, and practical method for the treatment of retained fetal membranes after C-section in mares.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15798,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Veterinary Science","volume":"153 ","pages":"Article 105662"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144804220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plasma Activin A concentrations are not a useful biomarker for detecting insulin dysregulation and predicting laminitis risk in ponies","authors":"C.J. McGuire ,&nbsp;E.J. Knowles ,&nbsp;P.A. Harris ,&nbsp;N.J. Menzies-Gow","doi":"10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105660","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105660","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Circulating insulin concentrations are used to quantify risk of laminitis in currently non-laminitic ponies. Basal serum activin A (AA) concentration has previously been positively correlated with serum insulin concentrations 60 minutes (T60) following an oral sugar test (OST) in ponies with equine metabolic syndrome. Therefore, circulating AA might be a useful marker for insulin dysregulation (ID) and laminitis risk.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To explore the relationship between circulating AA concentrations at baseline (T0) and T60 in ponies that developed laminitis within six months and non-laminitic ponies.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Case-control study. Forty-three ponies that developed laminitis (PLP) during a four-year surveillance period were selected from a larger cohort; 43 ponies from the same cohort that remained non-laminitic (NLP) were selected as controls. Plasma AA concentrations were measured using a validated ELISA at T0 and T60 and compared between groups at both time points using a Wilcoxon signed ranks test. Correlations with other previously measured metabolic markers were investigated using Spearman‘s rank correlation coefficients.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>There was a significant difference between T0 plasma AA (median 8.8; interquartile range [6.2, 13.1]ng/mL) and T60 (13.1; [8.8, 20.1]ng/mL) within the NLP group (P= &lt;0.001) and between plasma AA at T0 (7.4 [5.5, 12.4]ng/mL) and T60 (12.3 [6.9, 16.6]ng/ml) in the PLP group (P= &lt;0.001). There were no significant correlations between plasma AA (T0 or T60) and any other measured metabolic marker. Single timepoints and retrospective analysis were the main limitations.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Plasma AA concentration is not a useful marker for ID or predicting laminitis development in ponies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15798,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Veterinary Science","volume":"153 ","pages":"Article 105660"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144760284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical safety of intrauterine infusion of a uterine sanitizer in mares","authors":"Lorenzo Segabinazzi ,&nbsp;Fernando P. Lisboa ,&nbsp;Bruna Zutter","doi":"10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105657","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105657","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Limited response to conventional therapies and rising antibiotic resistance emphasize the need for alternative treatments for infectious endometritis. A recent <em>in vitro</em> study showed promising antimicrobial activity of a commercial uterine cleaning sanitizer (UCS) against endometritis pathogens. However, its safety and efficacy in mares remain untested.</div></div><div><h3>Aims/objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to assess the clinical safety of intrauterine infusion of UCS in reproductively sound mares.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Exp. 1. Six healthy mares with endometrial biopsies classified as I or IIA had two intrauterine infusions of UCS performed during estrus. Biopsies were taken 3 days post-treatment and 8- and 21-days post-ovulation. Exp. 2. Eleven reproductive sound mares had two estrous cycles randomly assigned to receive two intrauterine infusions of UCS or placebo (lactate ringer) at the beginning of estrus. Mares were inseminated 24 h after the last treatment. Embryo flushing was performed 8 days post-ovulation.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Exp. 1. There was a slight change in endometrial biopsy scores, primarily due to an increased inflammatory infiltrate in the endometrium, three days post-treatment with complete recovery to baselines at 8- and 21-days post-ovulation. Exp. 2. Embryo recovery rates were similar between UCS (9/11) and placebo (8/11) cycles.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>In conclusion, intrauterine infusion of UCS appears to be a safe therapy in broodmare practice and may offer a promising adjuvant therapy for endometritis in mares.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15798,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Veterinary Science","volume":"152 ","pages":"Article 105657"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144760283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}