ML Caldevilla , AA Ferrante , MC Gambarotta , MH Miragaya , DM Neild
{"title":"Evaluation of equine semen frozen in extenders free of egg yolk using two different freezing curves","authors":"ML Caldevilla , AA Ferrante , MC Gambarotta , MH Miragaya , DM Neild","doi":"10.1016/j.jevs.2024.105080","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jevs.2024.105080","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A chemically defined cryopreservation extender that maintains seminal parameters is relevant. Fifteen ejaculates from 5 stallions (n= 5; r=3) were diluted in 5 extenders: 1) EDTA-glucose based extender with egg-yolk and dimethylformamide (EY); 2) commercial equine extender (CE); 3) CE with dimethylformamide (CE-3); 4) bovine commercial extender with liposomes (OP); 5) bovine commercial extender with soybean lecithin (BIO), and frozen using a slow and a rapid temperature descent curve. Post-thaw evaluations were: sperm kinematic parameters, viability and acrosome status, membrane lipoperoxidation and DNA fragmentation. Sperm data were analysed using an ANOVA or Friedman test (results mean ± SD). Paired comparison between the two freezing curves was analysed using the Wilcoxon test. Total and progressive motility were significantly higher <em>(P<0.05</em>) in the EY and CE-3 samples using the slow curve, whereas for the fast curve, total and progressive motility were significantly higher <em>(P<0.05)</em> in the EY samples compared to all the extenders and the samples frozen in CE-3 were significantly higher than the remaining extenders <em>(P<0.05)</em>. The percentages of live acrosome intact sperm and of live non-peroxidized sperm were significantly higher <em>(P<0.05</em>) in the EY extender when using either of the freezing curves and in turn, were significantly higher <em>(P<0.05)</em> in samples frozen in CE-3 compared to the remaining extenders. Intact DNA was significantly lower <em>(P<0.05)</em> in the BIO extender, using the rapid curve. To conclude, the commercial equine extender with 3% dimethylformamide, without egg-yolk, could be a suitable alternative for extenders with egg-yolk.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15798,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Veterinary Science","volume":"137 ","pages":"Article 105080"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140863120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Owner perceptions and experiences with equine necropsy","authors":"Z.E. Inglis , A.M. Firshman , H.L. Lochner , K.L. Martinson","doi":"10.1016/j.jevs.2024.105065","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jevs.2024.105065","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In recent years, the number of horses submitted for necropsy has been in decline. This study aimed to identify the perceptions and barriers of equine necropsy through an online survey of horse owners. The data were analyzed by multivariate models for associations and factors that influenced decision making regarding necropsy. The survey yielded 1,366 usable responses. Respondents had higher familiarity with the term “autopsy” compared to “necropsy” (<em>P</em> < 0.001) and showed a greater level of comfort using the terms “body” and “mortality” compared to “carcass” (<em>P</em> < 0.001). Most respondents (82 %) had experienced euthanizing a horse, but few (27 %) were offered a necropsy. Of those offered a necropsy, a majority (81 %) opted to perform one. When asked about their reasons for choosing to have a necropsy performed, recommendations from veterinarians (77.87 OR, 95 % CI: 49.3, 127.5) and already knowing the cause of death (1.85 OR, 95 % CI: 1.2, 30) were positively associated while a benefit to herd health was negatively associated (0.55 OR, 95 % CI: 0.3, 1.0). Owning horses for use as competition animals (1.44 OR, 95 % CI: 0.9, 2.2), the desire for personal closure (1.76 OR, 95 % CI: 1.1, 2.9), and the goals to protect human health (1.29 OR, 95 % CI: 1.0, 1.6) and to improve herd health (1.43 OR, 95 % CI: 1.1, 1.9) were positively associated with a likelihood of choosing to have a necropsy performed or recommending necropsies in the future. This research highlights the need for education of horse owners about the option and benefits of necropsy, and the use of more societally accepted language.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15798,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Veterinary Science","volume":"136 ","pages":"Article 105065"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140789932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Bernard , C.G. Donnelly , A. Miller , M. Diel de Amorim
{"title":"Diagnosis and management of placentitis with severe funisitis in a multiparous Warmblood mare","authors":"M. Bernard , C.G. Donnelly , A. Miller , M. Diel de Amorim","doi":"10.1016/j.jevs.2024.105075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2024.105075","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Placentitis is an important cause of reproductive losses in the equine industry. Many cases of clinical placentitis are not diagnosed until late in the course of the disease, and for this reason there is variability in the timing of intervention, diagnostic measurements, and treatment protocols. An 8-year-old multiparous Dutch Warmblood mare that was recently exposed to EHV-1 in the herd of origin presented for routine foaling management. Placentitis was diagnosed upon intake, and medical treatment was initiated. The mare delivered a term foal, and diagnostics for infectious etiology were unrewarding. While there were obvious clinical signs supporting a diagnosis of placentitis, histopathologic examination did not reveal active inflammatory lesions in the chorioallantois; however, severe funisitis was present. This report reviews early diagnosis and management of placentitis, demonstrates an array of classic and subtle pathologic lesions seen on microscopic examination, and discusses pathophysiology of placentitis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15798,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Veterinary Science","volume":"137 ","pages":"Article 105075"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140843552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Sielhorst , K. Koether , N. Volkmann , M. Blanco , R. Vicioso , S. Baade , N. Kemper , A.M. de Mestre , H. Sieme
{"title":"Occurrence of ultrasonographic assessed placental abnormalities, treatments, pregnancy outcome, and subsequent fertility on a large warmblood stud farm: A retrospective field study","authors":"J. Sielhorst , K. Koether , N. Volkmann , M. Blanco , R. Vicioso , S. Baade , N. Kemper , A.M. de Mestre , H. Sieme","doi":"10.1016/j.jevs.2024.105076","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jevs.2024.105076","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Little is known about the incidence and outcome of high-risk pregnancies in equine practice and clinical studies on spontaneous occurring placentitis cases and treatments are missing. Therefore, the aims of this retrospective field study were to (1) describe the incidence and severity of ultrasonographic assessed placental abnormalities (UPA) in 4,192 pregnancies on a large commercial warmblood stud farm in 2017 – 2019 and (2) characterize these UPA cases and their pregnancy outcome. UPA severity (Placental abnormality score (PSc) 1-3; low to high), nine treatment regimens (TM1-9) used in UPA cases and treatment duration as well as subsequent fertility were analyzed in the group of UPA mares.</p><p>The proportion of pregnancies affected by UPA was 4.2 % (<em>n</em>=177/4192). Placental abnormality severity was scored as PSc1 (51.4 %), PSc2 (32.8 %) and PSc3 (15.8 %).</p><p>The generalized mixed model revealed PSc was affected by mare age and mare status (own pregnancy (OP) or embryo transfer recipient (ER)) (P=0.035) with ER mares having increased PSc compared with mares having their own pregnancy. Abortion occurred in 17/177 (9.6 %) UPA pregnancies.</p><p>Overall, at the end of the next season, 61.1 % of UPA mares were pregnant, 32.0 % barren, and 6.9 % open (n=175). Pregnancy was established in 62/91(68.1 %) of mares with PSc1, 31/58 (53.4 %) with PSc2 and 14/26 (53.8 %) with PSc3. Most pregnancies were achieved in the first 81/107 (75.7 %) or second 18/107 (16.8 %) inseminated cycle.</p><p>In conclusion, early detection and treatment of ultrasonographic assessed placental abnormalities can save high-risk pregnancies in > 90 % of cases with a satisfying subsequent fertility.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15798,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Veterinary Science","volume":"137 ","pages":"Article 105076"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140865307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L.L. Esterl-Byrne , C.J. Huseman , C. Haynes , L.A. Kinman , T.N. Jones
{"title":"COVID-19 effects on horses in-transition: A survey analysis of United States equine industry perspectives","authors":"L.L. Esterl-Byrne , C.J. Huseman , C. Haynes , L.A. Kinman , T.N. Jones","doi":"10.1016/j.jevs.2024.105077","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jevs.2024.105077","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The welfare of unwanted horses presents a significant concern for the equine industry. However, there is a lack of research on how unwanted horses are affected by major crises. The drastic changes that resulted from the COVID-19 pandemic presented ample opportunity to investigate how unwanted horses are impacted by challenging circumstances. Study objectives were to evaluate the COVID-19 pandemic's impact on the unwanted horse population and determine the current perceptions of horses in-transition. A 23-question online survey designed using Qualtrics<sup>TM</sup> was administered electronically to adults living in the United States. Questions pertained to effects on equine ownership, equine management, event participation, and perceptions of unwanted horses. Frequency analysis combined with Chi-squared analyses and analyses of variance identified the impacts of COVID-19 on horse owners, non-horse owners, and equine professionals. From survey results, equine ownership, management practices, and time spent with horses proved to be unaffected (<em>P</em> < 0.001) by the coronavirus pandemic. A decreased ability to participate in equine events was evident across all groups (<em>P</em> ≤ 0.03). Financial hardship, unmanageable behavior, and injury were cited as leading causes for horses becoming \"in-transition.\" Euthanasia was the transitioning method perceived as most accessible, while donation to an equine program was least accessible. Based on results, the COVID-19 pandemic had negligible impact on the number of unwanted horses in the United States. Long-term effects of COVID-19 on equine ownership and management decisions should be considered to provide a deeper base of knowledge for how major crises affect the horse in-transition population.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15798,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Veterinary Science","volume":"137 ","pages":"Article 105077"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140860351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effect of hospitalization on equine local intestinal immunoglobulin A (IgA) concentration measured in feces","authors":"A. May , H. Gerhards , B. Wollanke","doi":"10.1016/j.jevs.2024.105078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2024.105078","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>During hospitalization horses may develop gastrointestinal conditions triggered by a stress-associated weak local immune system. The prospective, clinical trial was conducted to find out whether fecal immunoglobulin A (IgA) concentrations could be determined in hospitalized horses and how they changed during hospitalization and in response to various stressors. Samples were obtained from 110 horses and a control group (<em>n</em> = 14). At arrival in the hospital, horses were categorized into pain grades (1-5), and elective versus strenuous surgery (> 2 hours, traumatic and emergency procedures). Feces were collected on day 1, day 2, day 3, and day 7 in all horses. Blood samples were obtained at the same intervals, but additionally after general anaesthesia in horses undergoing surgery (day 2). IgA concentration in feces was determined by ELISA and measured in optical density at 450nm. The control group showed constant IgA concentrations on all days (mean value 0.30 OD<sub>450</sub> ±SD 0.11, 1.26 mg/g; <em>n</em> = 11). After general anaesthesia fecal IgA concentrations decreased considerably independent of duration and type of surgery (<em>P</em> < 0.001 for elective and <em>P</em> = 0.043 for traumatic surgeries). High plasma cortisol concentrations were weakly correlated with low fecal IgA on the day after surgery (<em>P</em> = 0.012, day 3, correlation coefficient <em>r</em> = 0.113). Equine fecal IgA concentrations showed a decline associated with transport, surgery, and hospitalization in general, indicating that stress has an impact on the local intestinal immune function and may predispose horses for developing gastrointestinal diseases such as enterocolitis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15798,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Veterinary Science","volume":"137 ","pages":"Article 105078"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0737080624000844/pdfft?md5=368e08ab701c29a149c4419fd9e0d098&pid=1-s2.0-S0737080624000844-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140843550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Analysis of Tokyo 2020 Olympic modern pentathlon equestrian jumping results","authors":"Jonathan H. Foreman","doi":"10.1016/j.jevs.2024.105068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2024.105068","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Modern Pentathlon (MP) includes an equestrian Jumping discipline, with horses drawn blindly by unfamiliar riders. At the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Summer Games, concerns regarding inadequate horsemanship generated adverse publicity for MP. Conventional stadium Jumping in Tokyo provided an opportunity for comparison of the two closest Olympic equestrian Jumping disciplines. The objectives of this study were to complete an objective analysis of the Tokyo MP riding phases, and to test the hypothesis that MP riding faults in women's and men's Tokyo competitions combined were more frequent than in the Individual Jumping Qualifier (JQ). Types of faults for Tokyo MP (<em>n</em> = 71 riders) and JQ (<em>n</em> = 73 riders) were tabulated from published official results and detailed observation of online videos of each competition. Fault distributions were compared using Chi-square analysis (significance at <em>P</em> < .05). MP riders had more jumping faults (15.4 %) than JQ (7.8 %, <em>P</em> < .0001). Both MP and JQ riders had more faults at oxers (17.1 %, <em>P</em> < .0001 and 9.7 %, <em>P</em> = .0171, respectively) than verticals (14.5 % and 6.2 %). JQ (9.8 %, <em>P</em> = .0093) but not MP (15.7 %, <em>p</em> = .5166) riders had more faults in the second half of the course compared to the first half (5.7 % and 15.0 %, respectively). Double clear rounds (no jumping or time faults) were 4.9 times more likely in JQ (34.2 %) than in MP (6.9 %: <em>P</em> < .0001). Proposed solutions to decrease MP fault frequency include lower maximum fence heights, fewer jumping efforts, and a more liberal re-ride policy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15798,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Veterinary Science","volume":"136 ","pages":"Article 105068"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140807723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Analysis of current equine feeding practices in the netherlands and identification of potential nutrient leaching and environmental contamination factors","authors":"Gulsah Kaya Karasu , Chris W Rogers","doi":"10.1016/j.jevs.2024.105071","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jevs.2024.105071","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The aim of this study was to estimate the potential for nutrient leaching based on current feeding practices of horses in the Netherlands. An online survey of horse owners collected data on the demographics of the horses (<em>n</em> = 274) and feeding practices. The median age was 8 years, the majority being warmblood and geldings with a mean bodyweight of 542.4 ± 101.9 kg. Most horses (85 %) had access to a limited area of pasture (<200m<sup>2</sup> per horse), with a median grazing time of 10 hours. Grass hay was the predominant conserved forage offered (77 %) within diets. Concentrate feeds were provided to most horses (93.8 %) as well as the dietary supplements (80 %). The majority of the horses were offered high levels of metabolizable energy (ME) (90 %), starch (mean 2.4 ± 0.8 g/kg bw) and sugar intake (mean 1.4 ± 1.2 g/kg bw) compared to NRC recommendations. The estimated potential nitrogen excretion per horse per day was 228 ± 134 g, or 8.47 kg of nitrogen per ton of manure. Consequently, the estimated daily fecal excretion rates of microminerals for each horse were as follows: Copper (Cu) at 141.0 ± 151.3 mg, Zinc (Zn) at 593.1 ± 504.4 mg, Manganese (Mn) at 957 ± 541.2 mg, and Cobalt (Co) at 2.3 ± 3.5 mg. The analysis indicated that many equine diets in the Netherlands offered excess ME, CP and the minerals Cu, Zn, Mn and Co. To mitigate these concerns, it is crucial to promote sustainable feeding practices and better educate horse owners.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15798,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Veterinary Science","volume":"137 ","pages":"Article 105071"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0737080624000777/pdfft?md5=efdc3b7fcd358661c7142bcd791095c1&pid=1-s2.0-S0737080624000777-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140866390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Okur , L.E. Yanmaz , H. Çınar , A. Gölgeli , Ö.T. Orhun , F. Turgut , M.G. Şenocak , T. Arslan
{"title":"Comparison of first, second, and third versus the average of six probe-corneal touches for intraocular measurement of two rebound tonometers in healthy horses","authors":"S. Okur , L.E. Yanmaz , H. Çınar , A. Gölgeli , Ö.T. Orhun , F. Turgut , M.G. Şenocak , T. Arslan","doi":"10.1016/j.jevs.2024.105074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2024.105074","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The aim of this study was to evaluate the intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements obtained from first, second, and third probe-cornea touch (PCT) and compare them with the average of six PCTs using two rebound tonometers in horses. This study enrolled a total of thirty-eight stallions, comprising of 24 Arabian horses and 14 cross-breeds (with an average age of 8 ± 3 years). The IOP measurements of first, second, and third, as well as the average of six PCTs were obtained using either Tonovet (TV) or Tonovet Plus (TV+) rebound tonometers. The mean differences (95% limits of agreement) between the average of six PCTs and the first, second, and third PCTs were 0.1 (-4.8 to 5), 0.2 (-4.8 to 4.5), and 0.2 (-3.6 to 4.0) mmHg with TV, respectively. With TV+, the differences were 0.3 (-6.6 to 7.2), 1.1 (-8.6 to 10.8), and -0.2 (-3.6 to 4.0) mmHg, respectively. Compared to the average of six PCTs, only 89.5%, 92.1%, and 97.4% of IOP measurements obtained from TV and 78.9%, 73.3%, and 65.8% of IOP measurements obtained from TV+ were within 4 mmHg of the average of six PCTs for first, second, and third PCTs, respectively. In conclusion, the measurement of IOP in the first PCT achieved best agreement with the IOP measurement of six average PCTs. Therefore, the first PCT could be considered as an alternative option for measuring IOP in horses when obtaining an average of six PCTs is not feasible.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15798,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Veterinary Science","volume":"136 ","pages":"Article 105074"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140633160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}