Effects of sand, asphalt, and a three degrees hind toe or heel elevation on equine cervical and thoracolumbosacral kinematics at walk and trot

IF 1.6 3区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Equine Veterinary Science Pub Date : 2025-09-04 DOI:10.1016/j.jevs.2025.105697

S. Caure , K. Miljak , Ph. Dendaw , L. Thesée , E. Villedey , A. Malinvaud , M. Cousty , V. Prié , K. Horan , R. Weller

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background

Effects of ground surface and hoof angles on equine cervical and thoracolumbosacral kinematics are poorly understood. However, the equine cervical and thoracolumbosacral areas present frequent lesions and he management of factors that might improve treatment and rehabilitation outcomes, such as ground surface and hoof angles, requires more investigation.

Aims

Our objectives were to determine the influence of ground surface (asphalt versus sand) and a 3 degrees hind toe or heel elevation on cervical and thoracolumbosacral kinematics during walking and trotting.

Methods

Six saddle horses were equipped with reflective markers and shod with reference shoes (REF), consisting of fore aluminium (REF F) and hind steel racehorse (REF H) shoes. Two-dimensional videos, performed with a camera placed perpendicularly to the horse, were used to compare kinematic parameters when walking and trotting in hand on asphalt and sand. On asphalt, REF was also compared with REF F and a modified REF H using additional three degrees hind toe or heel wedges.

Results

During walking or trotting, horses showed increased mid-cervical flexion (2±0.8°), cervicothoracic extension (5±1.5°) and thoracolumbar flexion (2.3±0.8°), and a reduction in lumbosacral range of motion (3±0.8°) on asphalt versus sand. Hind heel or toe elevation increased both adaptative cervicothoracic flexion (5±1.6°) and lumbosacral extension (3±0.9°) at walk, relative to REF. An increased plantar hoof angle induced more lumbosacral extension (3±1.3°) at walk. At trot, toe elevation reduced thoracothoracic flexion (2.7±1.1°) and heel elevation reduced thoracothoracic extension (2.9±1.1°).

Conclusion

These observations could be useful for clinical, rehabilitation, training, and performance assessments.

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沙子、沥青和脚趾或脚跟后抬高3度对马在步行和小跑时颈椎和胸腰骶骨运动学的影响。

背景：地面表面和蹄角对马颈椎和胸腰骶骨运动学的影响尚不清楚。然而，马的颈椎和胸腰骶骨区域经常出现病变，如何处理可能改善治疗和康复结果的因素，如地面和蹄角，需要更多的研究。目的：我们的目的是确定地面表面（沥青与沙子）和3度后趾或脚跟抬高对行走和小跑期间颈椎和胸腰骶运动学的影响。方法：在6匹马鞍上安装反射标志，并穿参考蹄（REF），参考蹄由前铝蹄（REF）和后钢蹄（REF）组成。用垂直放置在马身上的摄像机拍摄二维视频，用来比较马在沥青和沙子上走路和小跑时的运动学参数。在沥青路面上，REF还与REF F和改良REF H进行了比较，REF F和REF H使用了额外的三度后趾或后跟楔。结果：在步行或小跑时，马在沥青路面上比在沙地上表现出颈中屈（2±0.8°）、颈胸伸（5±1.5°）和胸腰屈（2.3±0.8°）的增加，腰骶活动范围（3±0.8°）的减少。与REF相比，后脚跟或脚趾抬高可增加步行时的适应性颈胸屈曲（5±1.6°）和腰骶伸展（3±0.9°）。足底蹄角增加可增加步行时的腰骶伸展（3±1.3°）。小跑时，脚趾抬高可降低胸廓屈曲度（2.7±1.1°），脚跟抬高可降低胸廓伸度（2.9±1.1°）。结论：这些观察结果可用于临床、康复、训练和绩效评估。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 农林科学-兽医学

CiteScore

2.70

自引率

7.70%

发文量

249

审稿时长

77 days

期刊介绍： Journal of Equine Veterinary Science (JEVS) is an international publication designed for the practicing equine veterinarian, equine researcher, and other equine health care specialist. Published monthly, each issue of JEVS includes original research, reviews, case reports, short communications, and clinical techniques from leaders in the equine veterinary field, covering such topics as laminitis, reproduction, infectious disease, parasitology, behavior, podology, internal medicine, surgery and nutrition.