Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health最新文献

{"title":"Prevalence and Factors with Potentially Inappropriate Prescribing among Older Surgical Outpatients in China: A Nationwide Cross-sectional Study in 100 Hospitals.","authors":"Fangyuan Tian, Zhaoyan Chen, Jinyuan Zhang, Ying Zhang, Qiyi Feng","doi":"10.1007/s44197-025-00378-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44197-025-00378-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Older outpatients face a heightened risk of potentially inappropriate prescribing (PIP). However, there is a paucity of evidence evaluating PIP in older outpatients attending surgical outpatient departments in China using Chinese-specific criteria. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of PIP and identify associated factors within this population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional design was employed, utilizing prescription data from older surgical outpatients across 100 hospitals in seven Chinese cities between January and December 2021. PIP was assessed based on Chinese criteria, and multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify risk factors. Trends were analyzed using the average annual percent change (AAPC) via joinpoint regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 357,135 prescriptions for older surgical outpatients were analyzed. The prevalence of PIP according to Chinese criteria was 13.06%. The five most commonly identified potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) were doxazosin, clopidogrel, tolterodine, estazolam, and the concurrent use of more than two NSAIDs, which together accounted for 52.73% of all PIMs. From January to December, the prevalence of PIP exhibited a slight decrease, from 13.29 to 13.21% (AAPC: -0.278%). Logistic regression revealed that factors such as tertiary-level hospital status, polypharmacy, pain, sleep disorders, hypertension, benign prostatic hyperplasia, and stone disease were positively associated with PIP in older surgical outpatients.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study found that while the prevalence of PIP among older surgical outpatients in China is relatively low, attention is needed to the widespread use of certain PIMs.</p>","PeriodicalId":15796,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health","volume":"15 1","pages":"39"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11903986/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143615405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Factors Associated With Hepatitis C Virus in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: A Large Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Nasser Alhaydar, Raghib Abusaris, Noof Alwatban","doi":"10.1007/s44197-025-00383-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44197-025-00383-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Viral hepatitis stands accountable for approximately 1.34 million deaths worldwide, with the number of fatalities steadily growing with time. This is partly due to the various genotypes of hepatitis C virus and having no vaccination developed yet. However, a paradigm shift in the epidemiology of hepatitis C was notable due to the emergence of direct-acting antiviral drugs. Nevertheless, related literature in the Saudi context still requires further investigations to improve strategies and interventions targeting HCV in Saudi Arabia.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study was conducted to estimate the lifetime prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HVC) in Riyadh, KSA, and assess factors associated with HCV that include demographics and co-morbidities.</p><p><strong>Methods and materials: </strong>This cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary healthcare facility, located in Riyadh. The patients' database was searched for data regarding hepatitis C screening and treatment in a time window from 2017 to 2022. The study sample was composed of all individuals screened for or diagnosed with hepatitis C infection in the previously mentioned settings.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our sample included a total of 16,690 participants, 929 of which had positive test results (5.6%; 95% CI: 5.2-5.9%), with the rate being significantly higher in post-COVID-19 years due to a decreased number of tests performed. Positive test results were associated with male gender (43.4%), chronic kidney disease (11.8%), diabetes mellitus (34.9%), and hypertension (35%). Adjusted odds ratios (aOR) were obtained, with male gender (aOR: 2.47), widowed (aOR: 7.8) or divorced (aOR: 2.07) marital status, diabetes mellitus (aOR: 1.97), and hypertension (aOR: 2.87). Singles were found to be at lower risk of infection (aOR: 0.38). For each additional year of the study window, the odds of infection increased by 1.18.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Between 2017 and 2022, The HCV RNA positive cases were estimated to be 5.6%. Several risk factors were identified, including male gender, being widowed or divorced, and having diabetes mellitus, and hypertension. These results underline several opportunities to improve public health efforts and clinical practice in Saudi Arabia. That will further enhance the agenda targeting the burden of HCV in the country.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":15796,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health","volume":"15 1","pages":"42"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11903971/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143615404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Subtypes of Breast Cancer in Arab Women: Distribution and Prognostic Insights.","authors":"Naser Elkum, Abdelilah Aboussekhra, Mouad Aboussekhra, Hanin Aldalham, Lama Alshehri, Saleh Alessy, Taher Al-Tweigeri, Ali Saeed Al-Zahrani","doi":"10.1007/s44197-025-00376-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44197-025-00376-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Understanding the ethnic molecular subtype characteristics of breast cancer (BC) in Saudi women is crucial for providing comprehensive prognostic information and optimizing patient outcomes, making it essential to study their distribution and impact on survival.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This hospital-based cohort study analyzed clinic-pathological data from 1,035 Saudi women diagnosed with invasive BC and followed for 12 years, at King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center. Cancers were classified into four molecular subtypes: luminal A, luminal B, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-enriched, and triple-negative. Survival outcomes were assessed using Kaplan-Meier survival curves and Cox proportional hazard models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Luminal A was the most common molecular subtype (41.7%), followed by luminal B (23.4%), triple-negative (19.5%), and HER2-enriched (15.4%). Age at diagnosis, menopause, and tumor grade were significantly associated with subtypes (p < 0.05). Survival outcomes varied significantly (p = 0.0202), with luminal A and B showing the highest 5-year survival rates (~ 83%), triple-negative at 76.4% (hazard ratio: 1.55), and HER2-enriched tumors had the lowest at 69.1%, with a 1.75-fold higher risk of death. Advanced-stage cancers (III and IV) were strongly associated with increased mortality, with hazard ratios of 2.5 and 7.6, respectively, compared to early-stage disease.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Molecular subtypes and stage at diagnosis are key predictors of mortality in Saudi women with BC. The poor outcomes for HER2-enriched and TNBC subtypes highlight the need for timely diagnosis and targeted treatments, emphasizing the importance of personalized care and addressing ethnic variations in BC diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":15796,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health","volume":"15 1","pages":"36"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11893967/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143597173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of Human Metapneumovirus-Associated Acute Respiratory Tract Infection Cases in the Pudong New Area, Shanghai, from 2014 to 2023.","authors":"Yanhong Ding, Li Zhang, Xiao Wang, Rongxin Wu, Anran Zhang, Bing Zhao, Chuchu Ye","doi":"10.1007/s44197-025-00380-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44197-025-00380-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study characterized Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) infection epidemiology and clinical features in patients with acute respiratory infections (ARIs) in Pudong New Area, Shanghai, China, compared by pre- and post-COVID-19 periods.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Between January 2014 and December 2023, the basic and clinical information, as well as respiratory tract specimens from ARIs, were collected at 14 sentinel hospitals in Shanghai Pudong. Specimens were tested for HMPV and other respiratory pathogens. The positivity rates were analyzed by age, period (pre- and post-COVID-19), season, and case type. Clinical characteristics of HMPV-infected versus non-infected cases were compared.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>14,488 ARI patients were enrolled, with a 1.77% HMPV-positive rate (257/14,488). Among the age groups, the highest positive rate was 5.39% (11 /204) in the 6-11-month age group, and all the HMPV-positive cases in the 6-11-month-old age group were inpatients. Among the < 6 months old, 1-2 years old, 3-5 years old, 6-14 years old, 15-64 years old, and ≥ 65 years old groups, the positivity rates were 1.92% (6/313), 2.92% (23/788), 2.21% (33/1494), 1.08% (25/2311), 1.46% (94/6443) and 2.21% (65/2935), respectively. HMPV-positive patients showed higher proportions of cough (p < 0.001), runny nose (p = 0.048), and sore throat (p = 0.0175) than HMPV-negative patients in children. Compared to HMPV-negative patients, there was a significant difference in pneumonia diagnosis in both children and adults (p < 0.001, p = 0.004). Before COVID-19, HMPV infection peaks occurred mainly in February and March. In October 2023, a significant peak (4.37%, 10/229) was observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Young children and elderly individuals are at higher risk for HMPV infection, with a reversal of seasonal patterns observed post-COVID-19. Surveillance of HMPV in children and the elderly is crucial for future epidemic Preparedness.</p>","PeriodicalId":15796,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health","volume":"15 1","pages":"38"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11893947/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143597171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) in Saudi Arabia: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.","authors":"Najm Z Alshahrani, Abdullah M Alarifi, Abdullah M Assiri","doi":"10.1007/s44197-025-00379-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44197-025-00379-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) pose a significant public health challenge in tropical and subtropical regions, particularly in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), where epidemiological data remain scarce. These diseases disproportionately affect vulnerable populations, leading to chronic morbidity and economic burdens. Understanding their distribution and burden is crucial for effective public health interventions. This study aimed to systematically evaluate the prevalence, distribution, and etiological patterns of NTDs in KSA, identifying key research gaps and informing future policy directions. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted on peer-reviewed studies published between 1950 and 2024 that investigated NTDs in humans in KSA. Ninety-four articles met the inclusion criteria. The majority (69.15%, n = 65) were published after 2010, with most studies concentrated in the western (n = 35, 37.23%) and southwestern (n = 15, 15.96%) regions, areas known for environmental and socioeconomic factors that may contribute to disease transmission. Protozoal NTDs were the most frequently reported (n = 28, 29.78%), followed by viral (n = 26, 27.66%), helminthic (n = 18, 19.15%), and ectoparasitic (n = 9, 9.57%) infections. Bacterial (n = 5, 5.32%), fungal (n = 4, 4.26%), and venom-related (n = 4, 4.26%) NTDs were less commonly reported. Meta-analysis yielded pooled prevalence estimates of leishmaniasis at 0.59 (95% CI: 0.38-0.77, I² = 94.2%) and dengue at 0.20 (95% CI: 0.05-0.53, I² = 98.8%), highlighting a substantial disease burden and high heterogeneity among studies. The findings emphasize the urgent need for strengthened national surveillance, improved diagnostic capacity, and region-specific interventions to control NTDs in KSA. Future research should focus on underrepresented regions, expand community-based epidemiological studies, and integrate cross-border surveillance strategies to mitigate disease importation risks. By addressing these gaps, KSA can enhance its preparedness and contribute to global NTD elimination efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":15796,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health","volume":"15 1","pages":"37"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11893951/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143597175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Epidemiological Impact of Community-Based Skin Camps on Leprosy Control in East Hararghe Zone, Ethiopia: a Modelling Study.","authors":"Thomas Hambridge, David J Blok, Ephrem Mamo, Jan Hendrik Richardus, Sake J de Vlas","doi":"10.1007/s44197-025-00370-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44197-025-00370-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease that remains a public health challenge in many low- and middle-income countries. The mainstay of leprosy control has been early detection and treatment through active case finding. In this study, we aimed to predict the epidemiological impact of community-based skin camps to shorten the period of leprosy case detection delay in a population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used the individual-based model SIMCOLEP to predict the epidemiological impact of two successive community-based skin camps with 50%, 70% and 90% target population coverage conducted five years apart (in 2024 and 2029). The model was calibrated to the leprosy situation in East Hararghe zone, Ethiopia (2008-2023).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was a short-term rise in the new case detection rate due to a backlog of cases being discovered, but no difference in the long run compared to the baseline situation (i.e., no intervention). However, all strategies substantially decreased the prevalence of undiagnosed symptomatic cases in the population. Skin camps with 50% coverage resulted in 21.8% (95% CI: 20.1-23.5%) fewer cases per million in 2035, while increasing the coverage to 90% led to a reduction of 33.0% (95% CI: 31.5-34.4%) in 2035. This impact was sustained for the skin camps with 90% coverage, with a 30.9% reduction compared to baseline in 2040.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings suggest that shortening the period of leprosy case detection delay through community-based skin camps could substantially reduce the prevalence of symptomatic cases in high endemic regions, leading to improved disease control.</p>","PeriodicalId":15796,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health","volume":"15 1","pages":"34"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11880465/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143542168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel Cricket World Cup Mass Gatherings Surveillance for Event-Based Surveillance in the Caribbean Region.","authors":"Keston Daniel, Mohamed Elsherbiny, Sastee Kissoondan, Lisa Indar","doi":"10.1007/s44197-025-00362-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44197-025-00362-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To proactively identify and respond to potential health threats during mass gathering (MG) events using the regional MG Surveillance Framework across host countries for the 2024 T20 Cricket World Cup.</p><p><strong>Designs/methods: </strong>This framework, using multiple data sources, including the MG Surveillance module, provided daily intelligence and threat analysis to host nations. Specifically, the module allowed on-the-field data entry and immediate analysis; its infrastructure featured an Alerting mechanism built upon thresholds customized for MG events. Alerts were generated once thresholds were passed, notifying the relevant stakeholders immediately.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty-one MG and Health Facility Sites were registered onto the system and surveillance teams across the host countries were able to digitally capture 146 cases (generating 17 syndromic cases; 14 acute gastroenteritis-related and 3 fever with respiratory symptoms). The system reported non-communicable health issues like accidents/injuries (33 cases) and heat-related illnesses (22 cases).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The MG surveillance module illustrated its ability to provide health care practitioners and decision-makers with real-time data, syndromic alerts and analytics. The early warning and response mechanism facilitated early identification, communication and response to disease threats emanating from these events, and consequently reduce the risk of outbreak events that can overwhelm the health systems in the Caribbean.</p>","PeriodicalId":15796,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health","volume":"15 1","pages":"35"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11880437/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143542166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regional and National Burden of Traumatic Brain Injury and Spinal Cord Injury in North Africa and Middle East Regions, 1990-2021: A Systematic Analysis for The Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.","authors":"Seyed Ali Mofidi, Shahryar Rajai Firouzabadi, Ida Mohammadi, Aryan Aarabi, Mohammadreza Alinejadfard, Samin Sadraei, Sana Mohammad Soltani, Neda Izadi, Saba Goodarzi, Arman Shafiee","doi":"10.1007/s44197-025-00372-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44197-025-00372-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Traumatic brain injury (TBI) and spinal cord injury (SCI) are significant central nervous system injuries with epidemiological importance, particularly in the North Africa and the Middle East (NAME) region, which is diverse in public health aspects across its 21 countries.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to present an up-to-date assessment of the regional and national TBI and SCI burden and their causes in the NAME region from 1990 to 2021.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We utilized the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) results tool to gather relevant data. The analysis included TBI and SCI incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability (YLDs) rates, along with absolute numbers and percent change trends by gender, age, and country from 1990 to 2021. We also examined the causes of TBI and SCI and identified the most common causes for each country.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 2021, TBI age-standardized rates of incidence, prevalence, and YLDs were 333 (293, 380), 593 (553, 642), and 87 (63, 114) per 100,000 people, respectively. For SCI, the rates were 10 (7, 13), 256 (200, 344), and 78 (51, 115). Since 1990, incidence rates of TBI and SCI have decreased in most countries. Saudi Arabia, Afghanistan, and Yemen experienced increasing incidence rates for both injuries. Transport injuries and unintentional injuries were the primary causes of TBI and SCI, respectively, in most countries.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Despite global trends showing a decreased burden of TBI and SCI, the NAME region's public health systems should remain vigilant. Both injuries are epidemiologically significant and require continued public health interventions to manage and control them in this particular region.</p>","PeriodicalId":15796,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health","volume":"15 1","pages":"33"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11868010/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143523110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Clinical Spectrum and Outcomes of Ocular Syphilis in Saudi Arabia: The Emergence of a Uveitic Masquerader.","authors":"Abrar A Alhawsawi, Abeer Aljahdali, Enas Magharbil, Asma Alzuabi, Abdulrahman F Albloushi, Dhoha Alhamad, Abrar K Alsalamah, Sulaiman M Alsulaiman, Fatimah Al Hammad, Moustafa S Magliyah, Hassan A Al-Dhibi","doi":"10.1007/s44197-025-00374-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44197-025-00374-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This retrospective multicenter cohort study aimed to describe the clinical features and report the outcomes of the management of ocular syphilis in Saudi Arabia. Thirty-three eyes of 19 patients with ocular syphilis were reviewed, including data on visual acuity, signs of anterior and posterior uveitis, systemic work-up, and treatment outcomes. A total of 38 eyes from 19 patients were examined, with 33 eyes showing manifestations of ocular syphilis. The majority of patients (89.5%; n = 17) were males, with an average age of 40.6 ± 12 years. About one half of the patients (52.6%; n = 10) reported previous unprotected sexual encounters, and 26.3% had positive human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing. Systemic manifestations of syphilis were observed in 68.4% of the patients. Fourteen patients (73.7%) had bilateral disease. At presentation, the average Log MAR visual acuity was 0.81 ± 0.80 (Snellen equivalent = 20/120). Anterior chamber inflammation was seen in 72.7% of eyes (n = 28 eyes), while posterior segment examination revealed vitritis in 48.5% (n = 18 eyes), hyperemic optic discs in 62.5% (n = 24 eyes), and vascular sheathing in 46.9% (n = 17 eyes). Placoid lesions were observed in 51.5% of eyes (n = 20 eyes). The most common ocular syphilitic phenotypes were acute syphilitic posterior placoid chorioretinitis (ASPPC) in 54.5% of eyes (n = 21 eyes) and necrotizing retinochoroiditis in 15.2% (n = 6 eyes). Treatment included intravenous penicillin G for 14 days in 12 patients, intramuscular penicillin G in 2 patients, and systemic ceftriaxone in 2 patients. All treated patients showed clinical improvement, with a mean follow-up duration of 6.5 ± 4.5 weeks and a significant improvement in mean Log MAR visual acuity to 0.23 ± 0.46 (Snellen equivalent = 20/30; P < 0.001). These findings highlight the emergence of ocular syphilis in Saudi Arabia and the need for ophthalmologists to recognize its diverse clinical and multimodal retinal imaging features to ensure timely diagnosis and treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":15796,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health","volume":"15 1","pages":"31"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11850686/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143492404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reintegration of Children Previously Associated with Conflicts - Case Study from Yemen.","authors":"Abdullah A Al Rabeeah, Jawaher Abdullah Almuhanna, Shahul H Ebrahim, Ziad A Memish","doi":"10.1007/s44197-025-00375-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44197-025-00375-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15796,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health","volume":"15 1","pages":"32"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11850657/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143492402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}