Safety and Efficacy of Repurposed Smallpox Vaccines Against Mpox: A Critical Review of ACAM2000, JYNNEOS, and LC16.

IF 3.8 4区 医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH
Mohd Wahid, Raju K Mandal, Mohammed Sikander, Mohammad Rashid Khan, Shafiul Haque, Nachiket Nagda, Faraz Ahmad, Alfonso J Rodriguez-Morales
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Abstract

Since 2022, outbreaks of monkeypox (Mpox), which is caused by the monkeypox virus (MPXV), have been documented in more than 116 nations, making it a serious danger to world health. Despite being self-limiting in most cases, Mpox can lead to severe illness and even death, especially among high-risk populations like the LGBTQI + community. Hence, there is an urgent need for effective prevention and treatment strategies, with vaccination playing a crucial role. This paper explores the safety and efficacy of three key vaccines; ACAM2000, JYNNEOS, and LC16 that are repurposed from smallpox vaccines to combat Mpox. ACAM2000, a replication-competent vaccinia virus vaccine, has shown high effectiveness but is associated with serious adverse reactions, including myocarditis and progressive vaccinia. JYNNEOS, a modified vaccinia Ankara vaccine, offers a more favorable safety profile with fewer severe side effects, demonstrating 82% vaccine effectiveness in preventing Mpox. LC16, another smallpox vaccine, shows strong protective efficacy in animal models and excellent safety outcomes in human trials. Our assessment of the available primary data suggests that amongst the three candidates, JYNNEOS emerges as the most promising candidate for widespread use due to its strong effectiveness and superior safety profile. However, while Mpox vaccines provide robust protection, their varying safety profiles highlight the need for tailored vaccination strategies based on individual health factors. The authors therefore emphasize balancing vaccine efficacy with safety risks, particularly in vulnerable populations. Further research and surveillance are essential to optimize vaccination strategies and control Mpox outbreaks worldwide.

m痘重组天花疫苗的安全性和有效性:ACAM2000、JYNNEOS和LC16的重要回顾
自2022年以来,由猴痘病毒(MPXV)引起的猴痘(Mpox)疫情已在116多个国家得到记录,使其成为对世界卫生的严重威胁。尽管在大多数情况下,麻疹是自限性的,但它可能导致严重疾病甚至死亡,尤其是在LGBTQI +社区等高风险人群中。因此,迫切需要有效的预防和治疗战略,其中疫苗接种发挥着至关重要的作用。本文探讨了三种关键疫苗的安全性和有效性;ACAM2000、JYNNEOS和LC16是由天花疫苗改造而来对抗m痘的。ACAM2000是一种具有复制能力的牛痘病毒疫苗,已显示出高效,但与严重的不良反应相关,包括心肌炎和进行性牛痘。JYNNEOS是一种改良的安卡拉牛痘疫苗,具有更有利的安全性和更少的严重副作用,在预防m痘方面显示出82%的疫苗有效性。另一种天花疫苗LC16在动物模型中显示出很强的保护功效,在人体试验中显示出良好的安全性。我们对现有主要数据的评估表明,在三种候选药物中,JYNNEOS因其强大的有效性和优越的安全性而成为最有希望广泛使用的候选药物。然而,尽管m痘疫苗提供了强有力的保护,但其不同的安全性突出了需要根据个人健康因素制定量身定制的疫苗接种战略。因此,作者强调平衡疫苗效力与安全风险,特别是在脆弱人群中。进一步的研究和监测对于优化疫苗接种战略和控制世界范围内的m痘疫情至关重要。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
10.70
自引率
1.40%
发文量
57
审稿时长
19 weeks
期刊介绍: The Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health is an esteemed international publication, offering a platform for peer-reviewed articles that drive advancements in global epidemiology and international health. Our mission is to shape global health policy by showcasing cutting-edge scholarship and innovative strategies.
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