Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health最新文献

{"title":"Study of the Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus Genotypes in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.","authors":"Mai M El-Daly, Arwa A Faizo, Shahad A Madkhali, Nashwa F Aldardeir, Nassrin A Badroon, Norah A Uthman, Rahaf T Alqawas, Ahmed A Mousa, Safaa A Turkistani, Esam I Azhar","doi":"10.1007/s44197-025-00340-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44197-025-00340-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Human papillomavirus (HPV), a common sexually transmitted infection, includes over 200 types, some linked to genital warts and various cancers, including cervical, anal, penile, and oropharyngeal cancers. In Saudi Arabia, an estimated 10.7 million women aged 15 years and older are at risk of HPV-related cervical cancer. This study assessed HPV prevalence, genotype distribution, awareness, and health behaviors among females in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Pap smear samples were collected from 106 women attending gynecology clinics at King Abdulaziz University Hospital and were analyzed using nested PCR and Sanger sequencing. Results showed a 15.1% HPV positivity rate, with genotypes of HPV 16, 6, and 58 identified. HPV 16 was the most prevalent (43.75%), particularly among women aged 35-44. In addition, over 60% of the participants were unaware of the link between HPV and cervical cancer, or the availability of vaccines, indicating significant knowledge gaps in the population. These findings underscore the urgent need for comprehensive HPV surveillance and targeted public health interventions in Saudi Arabia. This study emphasizes the importance of HPV vaccination programs, increased screening, and educational campaigns to address the high prevalence of high-risk genotypes, particularly HPV 16. Tailored strategies are crucial to reducing HPV-related health risks, especially for high-risk age groups and under-informed populations. The data provide a foundation for improving HPV prevention and reducing the burden of related diseases in the Saudi population.</p>","PeriodicalId":15796,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health","volume":"15 1","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142978837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the Determinants of Dengue Outbreak in Oman: A Study in Seeb.","authors":"Abdullah Al-Manji, Anak Agung Bagus Wirayuda, Adil Al Wahaibi, Mohammed Al-Azri, Moon Fai Chan","doi":"10.1007/s44197-024-00324-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44197-024-00324-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study investigates the key factors contributing to the dengue outbreak in Oman.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data on climate (e.g., temperature, humidity, wind pace), population traits (e.g., populace density), and vector dynamics (e.g., mosquito density) within the Seeb district of Oman from 2022 to 2023 were gathered. The partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was performed to study which variables affect dengue outbreaks.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results indicate that climatic factors significantly affect the dengue vector (β = -0.361, p < 0.001) but do not directly impact the dengue outbreak. Population characteristics, however, have a more substantial impact on dengue transmission, with a total effect (β = 0.231, p = 0.002) being relatively higher than that of the vector itself (total effect: β = 0.116, p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Even with ongoing vector intervention efforts, the study underscores the need to include innovative public health interventions when considering environmental and demographic factors. More advantageous surveillance and focused interventions in excessive-threat regions are essential to mitigate the effect of dengue in Oman.</p>","PeriodicalId":15796,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health","volume":" ","pages":"1464-1475"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11652432/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142568745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Excess Mortality and its Determinants During the COVID-19 Pandemic in 21 Countries: An Ecological Study from the C-MOR Project, 2020 and 2021.","authors":"Mohammad Reza Rahmanian Haghighi, Chryso Th Pallari, Souzana Achilleos, Annalisa Quattrocchi, John Gabel, Andreas Artemiou, Maria Athanasiadou, Stefania Papatheodorou, Tianyu Liu, José Antonio Cernuda Martínez, Gleb Denissov, Błażej Łyszczarz, Qian Huang, Kostas Athanasakis, Catherine M Bennett, Claudia Zimmermann, Wenjing Tao, Serge Nganda Mekogo, Terje P Hagen, Nolwenn Le Meur, Jackeline Christiane Pinto Lobato, Giuseppe Ambrosio, Ivan Erzen, Binyamin Binyaminy, Julia A Critchley, Lucy P Goldsmith, Olesia Verstiuk, Jideofor Thomas Ogbu, Laust H Mortensen, Levan Kandelaki, Marcin Czech, Joseph Cutherbertson, Eva Schernhammer, Catharina Vernemmen, Antonio José Leal Costa, Tamar Maor, Dimos Alekkou, Bo Burström, Antonis Polemitis, Andreas Charalambous, Christiana A Demetriou","doi":"10.1007/s44197-024-00320-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44197-024-00320-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The COVID-19 pandemic overwhelmed health systems, resulting in a surge in excess deaths. This study clustered countries based on excess mortality to understand their response to the pandemic and the influence of various factors on excess mortality within each cluster.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This ecological study is part of the COVID-19 MORtality (C-MOR) Consortium. Mortality data were gathered from 21 countries and were previously used to calculate weekly all-cause excess mortality. Thirty exposure variables were considered in five categories as factors potentially associated with excess mortality: population factors, health care resources, socioeconomic factors, air pollution, and COVID-19 policy. Estimation of Latent Class Linear Mixed Model (LCMM) was used to cluster countries based on response trajectory and Generalized Linear Mixture Model (GLMM) for each cluster was run separately.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Using LCMM, two clusters were reached. Among 21 countries, Brazil, the USA, Georgia, and Poland were assigned to a separate cluster, with the mean of excess mortality z-score in 2020 and 2021 around 4.4, compared to 1.5 for all other countries assigned to the second cluster. In both clusters the population incidence of COVID-19 had the greatest positive relationship with excess mortality while interactions between the incidence of COVID-19, fully vaccinated people, and stringency index were negatively associated with excess mortality. Moreover, governmental variables (government revenue and government effectiveness) were the most protective against excess mortality.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study highlighted that clustering countries based on excess mortality can provide insights to gain a broader understanding of countries' responses to the pandemic and their effectiveness.</p>","PeriodicalId":15796,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health","volume":" ","pages":"1650-1661"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11652428/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142622032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meeting Men Where they are: Motivators and Barriers to Accessing Health Services through a Men's Mobile Wellness Clinic, October 2019 to March 2020, Blantyre, Malawi.","authors":"Mtemwa Nyangulu, Tiffiany Aholou, Viva Thorsen, Shahul Ebrahim, Ernest Nkhoma, Chipiliro Payesa, Getrude Chipungu, Masozie Kalua, Jeroen van 't Pad Bosch, Hannah Gibson, Verita Buie, Fidelis Sindani, Helen Dale, Stephanie Behel, Rashida Hassan, Alice Maida, Kristina Grabbe","doi":"10.1007/s44197-024-00306-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44197-024-00306-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In Malawi approximately, 88.3% people living with HIV are aware of their HIV status. Significant gaps are among men aged 15-34 years; only 72% know their HIV status. To reach men, Jhpiego, in collaboration with the Ministry of Health (MOH), implemented the Men's Mobile Wellness Clinic (MMWC) at workplace settings in Blantyre, Malawi between October 2019 and March 2020.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a descriptive qualitative study to understand motivators and barriers to MMWC service uptake by employees and employers. Primary data was drawn from in-depth telephone interviews from four study populations: employers who accepted or declined to host the MMWC at their worksite, and employees who accessed or did not access the services. We performed a thematic analysis using Nvivo 12 software to identify patterns and themes across the dataset.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Main reasons given for using the service among male employees were a desire to know their health status, availability of free health services at the workplace, and good quality services offered by MMWC staff, and support from their supervisor. Men who did not access services stated reasons such as work-clinic scheduling conflicts, lack of adequate promotion of the service, and miscommunication on the criteria about who should attend the MMWC. Employers who accepted to host the MMWC stated convenience and employee's rights to know their health status. Those who declined either stated that employees did not want the services or COVID-19 preventive measures by the MOH between October 2019 and March 2020 restricted participation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study underscores the potential utility of MMWC services including HIV testing among men. The desire to know their health status, availability of free MMWC services at the workplace, good quality services offered by MMWC staff, and the endorsement of MMWC by supervisors were main motivators to access the MMWC services. Sensitizing supervisors and employees about the benefits of the MMWC services, strengthening demand creation, and clarifying eligibility are important to facilitate MMWC uptake among men in Malawi.</p>","PeriodicalId":15796,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health","volume":" ","pages":"1545-1554"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11652449/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142400477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Five Year Review of All Examined Corneal Tissue in a Tertiary Eye Care Center: Demographics and Surgical Indications.","authors":"Bushra Kokandi, Saeed Al Zahrani, Hala A Helmi, Khalid M Alshomar, Hind Manaa Alkatan","doi":"10.1007/s44197-024-00328-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44197-024-00328-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Corneal pathologies are among the most common reversible sight-threatening diseases globally. As such, corneal tissue transplantation (keratoplasty) techniques are evolving over time depending on the prevalence of different pathologies in each geographical area. We aim to provide a baseline information on the common keratoplasty procedures performed in our area in relation to prevalent corneal pathologies and to analyze common corneal surgical practice trends in our area. Other types of corneal tissue sampling (superficial keratectomy and corneal biopsy) indicated for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes are also included.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a retrospective cohort study. All corneal tissue specimens, including those harvested for both therapeutic and diagnostic purposes, received for histopathological examination at our center over a period of 5 years were collected along with the respective demographic data, clinical diagnoses, and surgical indications. Descriptive analysis was used to elucidate important conclusions, and comparative analysis was used to highlight differences between different types of keratoplasty specimens in relation to the surgical indications.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 347 patients' corneal tissue specimens were included. Males accounted for 52.45%. Full-thickness corneal buttons were the most common (n = 172), followed by partial-thickness corneal specimens (n = 75), and Descemet's membrane and endothelium samples (n = 63). Top surgical indications for keratoplasty were keratoconus (n = 149), followed by bullous keratopathy (n = 61), failed previous keratoplasty (n = 47), corneal ulceration (n = 33) and corneal dystrophies (n = 22). Patients undergoing penetrating or lamellar keratoplasty were significantly younger (p < 0.001). Superficial keratectomy and corneal biopsy for keratitis were significantly more common among male patients (p = 0.041), while failed endothelial keratoplasty was observed more among females (p = 0.026).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings highlight the evolving landscape of corneal transplantation and the importance of tailoring surgical approaches to address the specific needs and risk profiles in different populations. Keratoconus is a leading cause for corneal grafting and seems to constitute a major treatable and visually disabling disease in Saudi Arabia, thus may require further screening and genetic studies with consideration for preventive measures.</p>","PeriodicalId":15796,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health","volume":" ","pages":"1693-1700"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11652461/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142715933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in Saudi Arabia (1994-2023): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Hassan N Moafa, Abdullah H Altemani, Ali Alaklabi, Khalid Y Ghailan, Alkhansa Alshabi, Majid Ahmed Darraj, Hammad Ali Fadlalmola","doi":"10.1007/s44197-024-00314-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44197-024-00314-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Toxoplasmosis is one of the most common parasites affecting humans in diverse populations caused by T. gondii. This study aims to systematically review and analyze the prevalence of T. gondii infection among various population categories in Saudi Arabia. Our search was done in five databases: PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science to find the relevant studies from inception to November 2023. The pooled prevalence of toxoplasmosis among the total population living in Saudi Arabia was estimated using a random-effect meta-analysis approach, and Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software was utilized for this analysis. Our study included 30 case-control and retrospective studies published from 1994 to 2023 involving 20,699 patients from different regions in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Various cities were included, such as Al-Ahsa, Najran, Riyadh, Arar, Mecca, al Khobar, Mushait, Tabuk, jazan, Hail City, Almadinah Almunawwarah, AL-Ahsa, and Abha; 27 reported outcomes related to IgG seroprevalence, revealing an overall toxoplasmosis prevalence of 27.5% in Saudi Arabia. Fifteen studies that measured IgM seroprevalence found an overall toxoplasmosis prevalence of 2.2%. Specifically for pregnant women, IgG seroprevalence was 28%. Among different age categories, the highest toxoplasmosis prevalence was observed in the group aged 31-45 years, reaching 32.5%, while the lowest prevalence was in the 10-20 years category at 19.3%. Regarding gravidity, the grand multi-gravida group exhibited the highest prevalence at 32.9%, with an upper limit of 47.8%. Furthermore, individuals who consumed freshwater demonstrated a higher incidence than those drinking bottled water, with respective prevalence rates of 33.5% and 29.4%. In conclusion, the prevalence of toxoplasmosis in Saudi Arabia is lower than the global average, with significant variations across different age groups, water sources, and dietary habits. Targeted educational programs and public health interventions are essential to raise awareness and reduce the risk of T. gondii infection. Future research should focus on improving study quality and exploring the broader implications of toxoplasmosis on public health in Saudi Arabia.</p>","PeriodicalId":15796,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health","volume":" ","pages":"1413-1452"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11652434/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142400478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aromatherapy Using Lavender Oil Effectiveness on Pain and Anxiety After C-Section: A Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Mariem Nouira, Nesrine Souayeh, Sirine Aicha Kanzari, Hadhami Rouis, Amira Lika, Chaouki Mbarki, Fatma Zahra Rahali, Hajer Bettaieb","doi":"10.1007/s44197-024-00305-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44197-024-00305-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Managing postoperative setting, regarding pain and anxiety after cesarean delivery is crucial for the mother's recovery, her emotional well-being, mother-infant bonding and initiating breastfeeding. Although some research have suggested that aromatherapy with lavender essential oil can be effective in reducing pain and anxiety in various medical settings, the efficacy of lavender aromatherapy in the postoperative setting after cesarean delivery is less well-studied. We aimed to assess the effectiveness of lavender essential oil therapy in the management of pain and anxiety after cesarean delivery.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a monocentric randomized controlled double-blind trial conducted over a period of five months during 2023. A hundred women undergoing c-sections under spinal anesthesia were enrolled and randomly assigned; using block randomization of 4 items per block with allocation ratio 1:1, into two groups: The aromatherapy group (receiving inhaled Lavender essential oil) versus the placebo group (receiving distilled water instead). The primary outcomes were pain (at rest and after mobilization) and anxiety levels and after the intervention. This trial was registered on clinical-trials.org (NCT06387849).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 100 women were included (50 women in each group aromatherapy and the placebo group). The two groups were comparable regarding baseline characteristics and pre-intervention parameters with no statistically significant difference. After the intervention, the pain at rest (38,76 ± 22,9 vs. 23,84 ± 18,01; p < 0.001), the pain after mobilization (60,28 ± 23,72 vs. 40,12 ± 22,18; p < 0.001), and degree of anxiety (46,76 ± 6,59 vs. 44,3 ± 5,17; p = 0.03) were all significantly lower in the aromatherapy group. No adverse effects were reported by participants in both groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Aromatherapy using Lavender essential oil is effective in reducing pain and anxiety after cesarean delivery without adverse effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":15796,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health","volume":" ","pages":"1536-1544"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11652442/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142467297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Epidemiology and AMR Perspective of Diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli in Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.","authors":"John Bosco Kalule, Linda A Bester, Daniel L Banda, Firehiwot Abera Derra, Chisomo Msefula, Anthony M Smith, Abraham Ajayi, Happiness Kumburu, Geoffrey Kwenda, Kaunda Yamba, John Mwaba, Yasmina J Fakim, Nyasha Sithole, Aquillah M Kanzi, Patrick M K Njage, Francis Chikuse, Sofonias K Tessema, Stella I Smith, Ebenezer Foster-Nyarko","doi":"10.1007/s44197-024-00301-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44197-024-00301-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) persistently challenges public health in Africa, contributing substantially to the diarrhoeal disease burden. This systematic review and meta-analysis illuminate the distribution and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) patterns of DEC pathotypes across the continent.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The review selectively focused on pathotype-specific studies reporting prevalence and/or AMR of human-derived DEC pathotypes from African nations, excluding data from extra-intestinal, animal, and environmental sources and studies focused on drug and mechanism experiments. Pertinent studies were retrieved from SCOPUS, PubMed, and EBSCOhost, processed with Covidence, and screened in alignment with PRISMA guidelines.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The reviewed studies were predominantly hospital-based (80%) and paediatric-focused (91%), with a meagre 4.4% documenting DEC outbreaks. Seven DEC pathotypes were discerned, with Enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) being notably prevalent (43%, 95% CI 30-55%) and Enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) least prevalent (24%, 95% CI 17-32%). Identified non-susceptibilities were noted against essential antibiotics including ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, and ampicillin, while instances of carbapenem and Extended-Spectrum ß-Lactamase (ESBL) resistance were scarce.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Despite sporadic data on DEC prevalence and AMR in Africa, particularly in community settings, a palpable gap remains in real-time outbreak surveillance and comprehensive data documentation. Augmenting surveillance and embracing advancements in molecular/genomic characterisation techniques are crucial to precisely discerning DEC's actual impact and resistance continuum in Africa.</p>","PeriodicalId":15796,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health","volume":" ","pages":"1381-1396"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11652460/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142467300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Salivary Antibody Responses to Potentially Waterborne and Environmentally Transmitted Infections Among Two Tribal Nations in the Southwest United States.","authors":"Timothy J Wade, Jatin H Mistry, Swinburne A J Augustine, Shannon M Griffin, Jason Kobylanski, Jennifer Styles, Elizabeth Sams, Edward Hudgens, Megan Kowalcyk, Wesley Cochran, Honorine Ward, Andrey Egorov","doi":"10.1007/s44197-024-00315-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44197-024-00315-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Tribal Nations disproportionately lack access to safe drinking water and can be adversely affected by other water quality and environmental concerns. Such conditions could lead to an increase in the transmission of waterborne, environmental and hygiene related infections. We collected saliva samples from attendees at two Tribal Nation annual festivals and tested them for salivary immunoglobulin G (IgG) responses to selected common infections using an in-house multiplex immunoassay. Antibody responses were compared to responses from a previously conducted study in the midwestern United States.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We collected and tested 531 samples from Tribal Nation sites and used data on 453 previously analyzed samples from the Midwest site. Logistic and linear regression models were used to model a binary classification of seropositivity and the intensity of the antibody response, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seroprevalence of chronic infections (Helicobacter pylori and Toxoplasma gondii) were generally consistent with estimates from population-based studies. Compared to the Midwest site, one of the Tribal Nation sites had consistently higher median antibody responses to several noroviruses. The Tribal Nation sites had a lower seroprevalence of hepatitis E virus antibodies. At the Tribal Nation sites, farm residents had higher antibody responses to Cryptosporidium spp., bottled water consumption was associated with lower responses to Cryptosporidium spp., animal contact was associated with T. gondii seropositivity, and recent diarrhea was associated with higher norovirus antibody responses. Helicobacter pylori seropositivity was associated with reduced odds of reporting allergies.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrated the application of a multiplex salivary immunoassay in Tribal Nations to provide insights regarding selected common pathogens which are transmitted through different transmission pathways including person-to-person contacts, contaminated food, soil and drinking water.</p>","PeriodicalId":15796,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health","volume":" ","pages":"1619-1632"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11652455/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142568760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Undernutrition and Anemia on HIV-Related Mortality Among Children on ART in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Sisay Moges, Bereket Aberham Lajore, Abera Feyisa Oleba, Abraham Samuel Godebo, Mengistu Lodebo Funga","doi":"10.1007/s44197-024-00321-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44197-024-00321-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although there have been significant advancements in providing HIV-infected children with access to antiretroviral therapy (ART), the mortality rates have remained unacceptably high. Inadequate nutrient intake or absorption is a widespread problem in several African nations, resulting in undernutrition and anemia. However, the pooled effect of malnutrition and anemia on HIV-related death related to children receiving ART was not investigated in sub-Saharan Africa.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We searched multiple electronic databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, and Web of Science) for observational studies published between January 1, 2010, and April 24, 2024 that reported the risk factors or effects of undernutrition and, anemia on HIV-related mortality among children. Study selection, data extraction, and quality evaluation were carried out separately by two reviewers. A meta-analysis was conducted using random effect models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The review included 27 studies with a combined total of 61,796 study participants. The study findings showed that severe wasting (HR: 2.49; 95% CI: 1.87-3.30), being underweight (HR: 2.11; 95% CI: 1.64-2.72), and Anemia (HR: 2.58; 95% CI: 2.08-3.19) were highly linked to HIV-related death among children. The risk of death due to anemia was greater among children under the age of 5 years than older children.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Undernutrition and anemia in sub-Saharan African children increased the risk of HIV-related death. The impact of malnutrition and anemia among under 5 years old children with HIV/AIDS was more pronounced, suggesting that these conditions at this early age can have more serious consequences for a child's survival. The importance of combining nutrition with HIV treatment programs in sub-Saharan African countries is crucial.</p>","PeriodicalId":15796,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health","volume":" ","pages":"1453-1463"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11652469/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142621993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}