Journal of Functional Biomaterials最新文献

{"title":"Impact of Autoclaving on the Dimensional Stability of 3D-Printed Surgical Guides for Aesthetic Crown Lengthening.","authors":"Albert González-Barnadas, Anna Ribas-Garcia, Adrià Jorba-García, Rui Figueiredo, Eduard Valmaseda-Castellón, Octavi Camps-Font","doi":"10.3390/jfb16080284","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jfb16080284","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of autoclaving on the dimensional stability of surgical guides (SGs) for aesthetic crown lengthening (ACL) using different resins/printing methods. Fifty SGs for ACL were printed using five different resin/printer combinations (FL, SR, ND, KS and VC). All the SGs were scanned before (T0) and after (T1) sterilization. Autoclaving was conducted at 134 °C during 4 min. The STL files of each SG at T0 and T1 were compared with the original design (TR). Dimensional stability was measured using trueness and precision. Deviations from TR to T1 were calculated in the three space axes and by measuring the area between three reference landmarks. At T0, the FL group showed the best trueness and precision, while the SR group performed significantly worse than the other groups. At T1, all the groups except VC exhibited significant dimensional alterations compared with T0. Also, VC showed the best trueness and precision values. All the groups had a significant deviation in at least one space axis, while only the SR group exhibited significant variations from T1 to TR in the area between the reference landmarks. Most of the evaluated resin/3D printer combinations suffered significant dimensional alterations after autoclaving.</p>","PeriodicalId":15767,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional Biomaterials","volume":"16 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12387451/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144956722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polyphosphazene-Based Nanotherapeutics.","authors":"Sara Gutierrez-Gutierrez, Rocio Mellid-Carballal, Noemi Csaba, Marcos Garcia-Fuentes","doi":"10.3390/jfb16080285","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jfb16080285","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Poly(organo)phosphazenes (PPZs) are increasingly recognized as versatile biomaterials for drug delivery applications in nanomedicine. Their unique hybrid structure-featuring an inorganic backbone and highly tunable organic side chains-confers exceptional biocompatibility and adaptability. Through precise synthetic methodologies, PPZs can be engineered to exhibit a wide spectrum of functional properties, including the formation of multifunctional nanostructures tailored for specific therapeutic needs. These attributes enable PPZs to address several critical challenges associated with conventional drug delivery systems, such as poor pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. By modulating solubility profiles, enhancing drug stability, enabling targeted delivery, and supporting controlled release, PPZs offer a robust platform for improving therapeutic efficacy and patient outcomes. This review explores the fundamental chemistry, biopharmaceutical characteristics, and biomedical applications of PPZs, particularly emphasizing their role in zero-dimensional nanotherapeutic systems, including various nanoparticle formulations. PPZ-based nanotherapeutics are further examined based on their drug-loading mechanisms, which include electrostatic complexation in polyelectrolytic systems, self-assembly in amphiphilic constructs, and covalent conjugation with active pharmaceutical agents. Together, these strategies underscore the potential of PPZs as a next-generation material for advanced drug delivery platforms.</p>","PeriodicalId":15767,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional Biomaterials","volume":"16 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12387868/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144956639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Pre- and Post-Dilatation on Long-Term Outcomes After Self-Expanding and Balloon-Expandable TAVI.","authors":"Alexandru Stan, Ayman Elkahlout, Marius Mihai Harpa, Marian Pop, Mihaly Veres, Antonela Delia Stan, Paul-Adrian Călburean, Anda-Cristina Scurtu, Klara Brînzaniuc, Horatiu Suciu","doi":"10.3390/jfb16080282","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jfb16080282","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The main objective of this study was to compare the long-term outcomes of transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) in patients with severe aortic stenosis, focusing on differences between self-expanding valve (SEV) versus balloon-expandable valve (BEV) prostheses and the influence of balloon pre- and post-dilatation on clinical results. The secondary objective was to report the long-term outcomes after TAVI in Romania. All patients who underwent a TAVI procedure for severe AS between November 2016 and May 2025 at a tertiary center in Romania were included in the present study. A total of 702 patients were included, of which 455 (64.8%) and 247 (35.1%) patients received a BEV (Sapien3 platform) and a SEV (Accurate, Boston, Portico, Evolut, or Navitor platforms), respectively. Pre-dilatation was performed in 514 (73.2%) cases, and post-dilatation was performed in 189 (26.9%) cases. There were 10.5 and 7.8 all-cause and cardiovascular-cause mortality event rates per 100 patient years, respectively. In regard to the univariable Cox regression, a BEV has significantly lower mortality than an SEV (HR = 0.67[0.46-0.96], <i>p</i> = 0.03), pre-dilatation did not influence mortality (HR = 0.71[0.48-1.04], <i>p</i> = 0.08), and post-dilatation significantly increased mortality (HR = 1.51[1.05-2.19], <i>p</i> = 0.03). In regard to the multivariable Cox regression, survival was not influenced by pre-dilatation or the valve platform, while post-dilatation had a trend towards higher mortality (<i>p</i> = 0.06). The BEV and SEV have similar survival rates, with no heterogeneity among a large number of TAVI platforms. While pre-dilatation had no impact on mortality, post-dilatation was associated with a trend towards increased mortality (<i>p</i> = 0.06), which was independent of the transprosthetic gradient. Survival after TAVI in Romania is comparable to that reported in Western registries.</p>","PeriodicalId":15767,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional Biomaterials","volume":"16 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12387640/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144956780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Controlling Sodium Titanate Crystal Size to Improve Wettability and Early Osseointegration of Titanium Implants: Insights from an Animal Model.","authors":"Saray Fernández-Hernández, Javier Gil, Marta Sanjuán-Álvarez, Ignacio Sanz, Mariano Herrero-Climent, Aritza Brizuela-Velasco","doi":"10.3390/jfb16080283","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jfb16080283","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The thermo-chemical treatment of dental implants leads to the formation of sodium titanate crystals on their surface. When in contact with blood, these crystals dissolve and trigger an ionic exchange cascade, resulting in the formation of a calcium apatite layer. This study, carried out both in vitro and in an animal model, aimed to determine whether the cooling rate of the treatment affects the size of the deposited crystals, and whether this in turn influences wettability and early bone-to-implant contact (BIC). A total of 50 dental implants and 50 titanium discs were treated using four different cooling rates, along with a control group. Crystal size was analyzed on implant surfaces using scanning electron microscopy, and wettability was assessed on titanium discs using a goniometer. Finally, the implants were placed in the tibiae of 13 rabbits, and histological analysis was performed after three weeks to compare BIC among groups. Results suggest that a cooling rate of 75 °C/h produces smaller sodium titanate crystals, which are associated with significantly improved surface wettability and a higher percentage of bone-to-implant contact after 3 weeks of healing (<i>p</i> < 0.05).</p>","PeriodicalId":15767,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional Biomaterials","volume":"16 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12387483/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144956688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Manufacturing, Microstructure, and Mechanics of 316L SS Biomaterials by Laser Powder Bed Fusion.","authors":"Zhizhou Zhang, Paul Mativenga, Shi-Qing Huang","doi":"10.3390/jfb16080280","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jfb16080280","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) is an advanced additive manufacturing technology that is gaining increasing interest for biomedical implants because it can produce dense, patient-specific metallic components with controlled microstructures. This study investigated the LPBF fabrication of 316L stainless steel, which is widely used in orthopedic and dental implants, and examined the effects of laser power and scanning speed on the microstructure and mechanical properties relevant to biomedical applications. The study achieved 99.97% density and refined columnar and cellular austenitic grains, with optimized molten pool morphology. The optimal LPBF parameters, 190 W laser power and 700 mm/s, produced a tensile strength of 762.83 MPa and hardness of 253.07 HV_0.2, which exceeded the values of conventional cast 316L stainless steel. These results demonstrated the potential of optimized LPBF 316L stainless steel for functional biomedical applications that require high mechanical integrity and biocompatibility.</p>","PeriodicalId":15767,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional Biomaterials","volume":"16 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12387571/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144956541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Histological Processing of Scaffolds: Challenges and Solutions.","authors":"Tomas Ragauskas, Ilona Uzieliene, Eiva Bernotiene","doi":"10.3390/jfb16080279","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jfb16080279","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Scaffolds are widely used in bioengineering, both as 3D native tissue-mimicking models for investigating mechanisms under physiological and pathological conditions and also as implantable agents in regenerative medicine. Histological approaches, mainly formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) and frozen sample sectioning, are commonly applied to evaluate cell distribution and tissue-like properties of scaffolds. However, standard histological processing is not always compatible with the materials that scaffolds are made of. Thus, some adaptations to protocols are required to obtain intact sections. In this review we discuss challenges related to the histological processing of scaffolds and solutions to overcome them. We sequentially cover processing steps of the three main histological techniques for sample preparation-cryomicrotomy, FFPE samples microtomy and vibrating microtomy. Furthermore, we highlight the critical considerations in choosing the most appropriate method based on scaffold composition, mechanical properties and the specific research question. The goal of this review is to provide practical guidance on choosing reliable histological evaluation of complex scaffold-based systems in tissue engineering research.</p>","PeriodicalId":15767,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional Biomaterials","volume":"16 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12387496/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144956746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Collagen Membrane Fixation with Pins on Buccal Bone Regeneration in Immediate Dental Implant Sites: A Preclinical Study in Dogs.","authors":"Yuma Hazama, Takahisa Iida, Niklaus P Lang, Fernando M Muñoz Guzon, Giovanna Iezzi, Daniele Botticelli, Shunsuke Baba","doi":"10.3390/jfb16080281","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jfb16080281","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The role of collagen membrane fixation during guided bone regeneration (GBR) remains debatable, particularly in post-extraction sockets with buccal defects and concomitant immediate implant placement. This study evaluated whether or not fixation with titanium pins improved regenerative outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Six adult Beagle dogs received bilateral extractions of the fourth mandibular premolars. An implant was immediately placed in both the distal alveoli, and standardized buccal bone defects (5 mm height, 3-2 mm width) were prepared. All defects were filled with a slowly resorbing equine xenograft and covered by a resorbable pericardium membrane. At the test sites, the membrane was apically fixed with pins, while no fixation was applied to the control sites. After 3 months of healing, histomorphometric analyses were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The vertical bone gain of the buccal crest was 3.2 mm in the test sites (pin group) and 2.9 mm in the control sites (no-pin) (<i>p</i> > 0.754). No significant difference was found in terms of bone-to-implant contact (BIC). However, residual graft particles were located significantly more coronally in the pin group compared to the no-pin group (<i>p</i> = 0.021). Morphometric analyses revealed similar new bone formation within the groups, but with higher amounts of residual xenograft and soft tissue in the pin group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Membrane fixation did not significantly enhance vertical bone gain, and although the slightly higher regeneration in the pin group (3.2 mm vs. 2.9 mm) may hold clinical relevance in esthetically sensitive areas and osseointegration, it appeared to limit apical migration of the grafting material.</p>","PeriodicalId":15767,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional Biomaterials","volume":"16 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12387244/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144956642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Influence of Printing Orientation on the Properties of 3D-Printed Polymeric Provisional Dental Restorations: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Firas K Alqarawi","doi":"10.3390/jfb16080278","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jfb16080278","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Three-dimensional printing is commonly used to fabricate provisional dental restorations. Studies have reported that changes in printing orientation affect the physical and mechanical properties of 3D-printed polymeric provisional restorations; however the findings have been inconsistent. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aims to analyze the articles evaluating the influence of printing orientation on the physical and mechanical properties of 3D-printed polymeric provisional dental restorations. Recommendations provided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed to structure and compose the review. The PICO (Participant, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome) question ordered was: 'Do 3D-printed provisional dental restorations (P) printed at various orientations (except 0°) (I) exhibit similar physical and mechanical properties (O) when compared to those printed at a 0° orientation (C)?'. An electronic search was conducted on 28 and 29 April 2025, by two independent researchers across four databases (MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science) to systematically collect relevant articles published up to March 2025. After removing duplicate articles and applying predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, twenty-one articles were incorporated into this review. Self-designed Performa's were used to tabulate all relevant information. For the quality analysis, the modified CONSORT scale was utilized. The quantitative analysis was performed on only fifteen out of twenty-one articles. It can be concluded that the printing orientation affects some of the tested properties, which include fracture strength (significantly higher for specimens printed at 0° when compared to 90°), wear resistance (significantly higher for specimens printed at 90° when compared to 0°), microhardness (significantly higher for specimens printed at 90°and 45° when compared to 0°), color stability (high at 0°), and surface roughness (significantly higher for specimens printed at 45° and 90° when compared to 0°). There were varied outcomes in terms of flexural strength and elastic modulus.</p>","PeriodicalId":15767,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional Biomaterials","volume":"16 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12387784/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144956673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of the Trueness of Complete Dentures Fabricated Using Liquid Crystal Display 3D Printing According to Build Angle and Natural Light Exposure.","authors":"Haeri Kim, KeunBaDa Son, So-Yeun Kim, Kyu-Bok Lee","doi":"10.3390/jfb16080277","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jfb16080277","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The dimensional accuracy of the intaglio surface of complete dentures fabricated using liquid crystal display (LCD) three-dimensional (3D) printing might be influenced by the build angle and post-processing storage conditions. This study evaluated the effect of build angle and natural light exposure duration on the intaglio surface trueness of maxillary complete denture bases. Standardized denture base designs (2 mm uniform thickness) were fabricated using an LCD 3D printer (Lilivis Print; Huvitz, Seoul, Republic of Korea) at build angles of 0°, 45°, and 90° (<i>n</i> = 7 per group). All specimens were printed using the same photopolymer resin (Tera Harz Denture; Graphy, Seoul, Republic of Korea) and identical printing parameters, followed by ultrasonic cleaning and ultraviolet post-curing. Specimens were stored under controlled light-emitting diode lighting and exposed to natural light (400-800 lux) for 0, 14, or 30 days. The intaglio surfaces were scanned and superimposed on the original design data, following the International Organization for Standardization 12836. Quantitative assessment included root mean square deviation, mean deviation, and tolerance percentage. Statistical analyses were performed using one-way analysis of variance and paired <i>t</i>-tests (α = 0.05). Build angle and light exposure duration significantly affected surface trueness (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The 90° build angle group exhibited the highest accuracy and dimensional stability, while the 0° group showed the greatest deviations (<i>p</i> < 0.05). These findings underscore the importance of optimizing build orientation and storage conditions in denture 3D printing.</p>","PeriodicalId":15767,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional Biomaterials","volume":"16 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12387249/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144956706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the Interplay Between Roughness and Elastic Modulus at the Nanoscale: A Methodology Study with Bone as Model Material.","authors":"Alessandro Gambardella, Gregorio Marchiori, Melania Maglio, Marco Boi, Matteo Montesissa, Jessika Bertacchini, Stefano Biressi, Nicola Baldini, Gianluca Giavaresi, Marco Bontempi","doi":"10.3390/jfb16080276","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jfb16080276","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based nanoindentation enables investigation of the mechanical response of biological materials at a subcellular scale. However, quantitative estimates of mechanical parameters such as the elastic modulus (E) remain unreliable because the influence of sample roughness on E measurements at the nanoscale is still poorly understood. This study re-examines the interpretation of roughness from a more rigorous perspective and validates an experimental methodology to extract roughness at each nanoindentation site-i.e., the local roughness γ_s-with which the corresponding E value can be accurately correlated. Cortical regions of a murine tibia cross-section, characterized by complex nanoscale morphology, were selected as a testbed. Eighty non-overlapping nanoindentations were performed using two different AFM tips, maintaining a maximum penetration depth of 10 nm for each measurement. Our results show a slight decreasing trend of E versus γ_s (Spearman's rank correlation coefficient ρ = -0.27187). A total of 90% of the E values are reliable when γ_s < 10 nm (coefficient of determination R² > 0.90), although low γ_s values are associated with significant dispersion around E (γ_s = 0) = E₀ = 1.18 GPa, with variations exceeding 50%. These findings are consistent with a qualitative tip-to-sample contact model that accounts for the pronounced roughness heterogeneity typical of bone topography at the nanoscale.</p>","PeriodicalId":15767,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional Biomaterials","volume":"16 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12387917/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144956650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}