Journal of ethnopharmacology最新文献

{"title":"Ethnobotany, bioactive compounds and pharmacology of Syzygium guineense (Willd.) DC: A review","authors":"Abdulrahaman Mahmoud Dogara ,&nbsp;Sarwan W. Bradosty ,&nbsp;Ateeq Ahmed Al-Zahrani ,&nbsp;Saber W. Hamad ,&nbsp;Hussain D. Almalki","doi":"10.1016/j.jep.2024.119149","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jep.2024.119149","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Ethnopharmacological relevance</h3><div>Plants possess the ability to synthesize a diverse array of primary and secondary metabolites. Secondary metabolites are of great importance as a result of their status as natural substances that have the potential to provide therapeutic benefits for human health. Due to its many uses in traditional medicine, <em>Syzygium guineense</em> (Willd.) DC <em>extracts</em> have been the subject of numerous pharmacological studies. African traditional medicine uses it to treat a variety of ailments, including epilepsy, diarrhea, stomach pain, malaria, coughs, fractures, wounds, asthma, sore throats, intercostal pain, and as a tonic. No comprehensive reviews of <em>S. guineense</em> have been found, according to our literature search. Consider the great potential of <em>S. guineense</em> to serve as valuable sources of discovery of medicinal substances. <strong>Aim of the study:</strong> The study compiles ethnobotany, bioactive compounds, and pharmacology of <em>Syzygium guineense</em>.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Research publications have been searched utilizing the following platforms: Elsevier, Springer, Google Scholar, Taylor &amp; Francis, Pub med, and Scopus. Research the terms \"<em>Syzygium guineense</em>,\" \"chemical composition,\" \"antioxidant,\" \"antibacterial,\" \"anti-diabetic,\" \"anticancer\" and any other relevant terms.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Traditionally, <em>S. guineense</em> parts has been used to cure thirty different diseases including malaria, cough and diabetes among others. Contains 205 different compounds between the class of flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, terpenoids and many more. From the pharmacological point of view, it has been reported to possess strong antibacterial, antimalarial, antihypertensive, anti-tuberculosis, anthelmintic, anti-venom, antiulcer, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-diabetic properties. No observable toxic effect was recorded.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This review showcases the various biological activities together with its safety profile back up the traditional uses and point to the possible use of the <em>S. guineense</em> compound as a natural therapeutic tool. To confirm the results of preclinical studies, additional well-designed clinical trials are required to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of <em>S. guineense</em> in humans.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15761,"journal":{"name":"Journal of ethnopharmacology","volume":"339 ","pages":"Article 119149"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142739562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comprehensive pharmacokinetic strategy for systematic evaluation of whole interaction of different constituents in Astragali Radix -Fructus Corni to improve diabetic kidney disease","authors":"Yu Duan ,&nbsp;Ke Pei ,&nbsp;Xue Liu ,&nbsp;Xia Zhang ,&nbsp;Peixiang Song ,&nbsp;Sicong Tu ,&nbsp;Hui Zhu ,&nbsp;Hao Cai","doi":"10.1016/j.jep.2024.119159","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jep.2024.119159","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Ethnopharmacological relevance&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Astragali-Radix (&lt;em&gt;the dried root of Astragalus&lt;/em&gt; mongholicus Bunge, AR) - Fructus Corni (&lt;em&gt;the dried ripe fruit of Cornus officinalis&lt;/em&gt; Sieb. et Zucc., FC) has been used as a herb-pair remedy to treat diabetic kidney disease (DKD) for hundred years. Polysaccharides, saponins, and flavonoids in AR, and the iridoid glycosides in FC were deemed as the main bioactive constituents that can offer beneficial nephroprotective activities. A systematic evaluation of the nephroprotective effects of AR-FC herb pair, the main bioactive constituents extracted from the herb pair, and their combinations in different ratios was performed, CG&lt;sub&gt;6&lt;/sub&gt; (polysaccharides, flavonoids, saponins, and iridoid glycosides, in a ratio of 2:3:1:2) as the best compatibility proportion was screened out in our previous study.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Aim of the study&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;This study aimed to investigate the pharmacokinetic characteristics of AR-FC herb-pair in DKD rats, and explore the interactions between constituents from AR-FC and the rational compatibility of different constituents.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Materials and methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The protective effect of AR-FC and CG&lt;sub&gt;6&lt;/sub&gt; on renal injury caused by DKD was first verified by histopathological examination. Then, an analytical method based on UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS and UHPLC-QqQ-MS/MS for qualitative and quantitative metabolites without reference standards was established and applied to pharmacokinetic (PK) studies in following different aspects: between single groups (polysaccharides, flavonoids, saponins and iridoid glycosides) and compatibility groups (AR-FC, CG&lt;sub&gt;6&lt;/sub&gt;), in normal and DKD rats, in single-dose administration and long-term administration.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Pathological observations confirmed that AR-FC could improve renal injury in DKD rats. PK profiles of nine prototypes and four metabolites in various groups were obtained, revealing the compatibility of multiple constitutes, pathological states, and long-term administration could alter PK characteristics of the main components from AR-FC, and promoting the absorption of them (&lt;em&gt;C&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sub&gt;max&lt;/sub&gt;, AUC&lt;sub&gt;0-t&lt;/sub&gt;, and AUC&lt;sub&gt;0-t&lt;/sub&gt; increased). Notably, co-administration of iridoid glycosides could significantly increase the absorption of flavonoids and saponins &lt;em&gt;in vivo&lt;/em&gt;. The pharmacokinetics based on homologous compounds revealed that saponins first acted, then its initial metabolites affected flavonoids, and ultimately the metabolites of flavonoids influenced iridoid glycosides.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;This study demonstrated the existence of interactions between constituents from AR-FC herb-pair and the importance of their rational compatibility. It provides experimental evidence for developing a therapeutic agent based on AR-FC (especially CG&lt;sub&gt;6&lt;/sub&gt;) to treat DKD. It is also expected to provide a reference for the multi-component ","PeriodicalId":15761,"journal":{"name":"Journal of ethnopharmacology","volume":"339 ","pages":"Article 119159"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142739556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Luteolin modulates macrophage phenotypic switching via the AMPK-PPARγ pathway to alleviate ulcerative colitis in mice","authors":"Shuai Yang ,&nbsp;Hongwei Duan ,&nbsp;Jianlin Zeng ,&nbsp;Zhenxing Yan ,&nbsp;Tian Niu ,&nbsp;Xiaofei Ma ,&nbsp;Yong Zhang ,&nbsp;Junjie Hu ,&nbsp;Lihong Zhang ,&nbsp;Xingxu Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.jep.2024.119157","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jep.2024.119157","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Ethnopharmacological relevance</h3><div>Lonicerae japonicae flos (LJF), the dried flower bud or newly bloomed flower of <em>Lonicera japonica</em> Thunb., is widely used in Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), exhibiting anti-inflammatory and immune-enhancing properties. Luteolin (Lut) is a major bioactive component of LJF, demonstrating a regulatory role in immune disorders. However, the specific role of Lut in regulating macrophage-mediated intestinal inflammation and its underlying molecular mechanisms have not yet been fully explored.</div><div><em>Aim of the study</em>: This study was designed to explore whether Lut alleviates Ulcerative colitis (UC) in mice and to elucidate its underlying mechanism in intestinal inflammation.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>Mice were administered Dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) for 7 d to establish a UC model, followed by oral administration of Lut (12.5, 25, and 50 mg/kg body weight). RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) was used to screen signaling pathways. RAW264.7 cells were cultured and treated with Lut (6.25, 12.5, and 25 μM) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 1 μg/mL) for 24 h. To examine the role of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) signaling pathway, the cells were treated with compound C (an AMPK inhibitor) and GW9662 (a PPARγ antagonist).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Lut suppressed the inflammation of DSS-induced colitis <em>in vivo</em>, attenuated DSS-induced clinical man-ifestations, reversed colon length reduction, and reduced histological injury. Lut induced a shift in the macrophage phenotype from classical (M1) to alternative (M2) by suppressing M1 marker gene expression and enhancing M2 marker gene expression following DSS or LPS induction. RNA-seq revealed that PPARγ was involved in the regulation of macrophages by Lut. Furthermore, the polarization effect of Lut on macrophages was shown to be mediated through the AMPK-PPARγ signaling pathway.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These findings indicate that Lut effectively ameliorates UC in mice through the activation of the AMPK-PPARγ signaling pathway, leading to the inhibition of macrophage M1 polarization and promotion of M2 polarization. This study provides insight into future research on the utilization of Lut-rich TCM dietary supplements as a prophylactic treatment strategy in the prevention of UC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15761,"journal":{"name":"Journal of ethnopharmacology","volume":"339 ","pages":"Article 119157"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142720896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Jingfang Granules alleviates the lipid peroxidation induced ferroptosis in rheumatoid arthritis rats by regulating gut microbiota and metabolism of short chain fatty acids","authors":"Xiuwen Wang ,&nbsp;Lihong Pan ,&nbsp;Dejun Niu ,&nbsp;Jidong Zhou ,&nbsp;Mengmeng Shen ,&nbsp;Zhen Zeng ,&nbsp;Wenqiao Gong ,&nbsp;Enhua Yang ,&nbsp;Yunfeng Tang ,&nbsp;Guoliang Cheng ,&nbsp;Chenghong Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.jep.2024.119160","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jep.2024.119160","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by synovial inflammation, bone and cartilage damage, musculoskeletal pain, swelling, and stiffness. Inflammation is one of the key factors that induce RA. Jingfang Granule (JFG) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) with significant anti-inflammatory effects. Clinical studies have confirmed that JFG can be used to treat RA, but the mechanism is still vague.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Purpose&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;This study was designed to evaluate the protective function and the mechanism of JFG on rats with RA.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Study design and methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Complete Freud's Adjuvant (CFA) was used to establish a rat RA model, and JFG or Diclofenac Sodium (Dic) was orally administered. Foot swelling and hematoxylin eosin (H&amp;E) staining were used to test the therapeutic effect of JFG on RA treatment, while ELISA kits were used to detect serum cytokines. Malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were used to evaluate oxidative stress levels. The integration of label-free proteomics, fecal short chain fatty acid (SCFA) targeted metabolomics, peripheral blood SCFA, medium and long chain fatty acid targeted metabolomics, and 16S rDNA sequencing of gut microbiota were used to screen the mechanism. Western blot technology was used to validate the results of multiple omics studies. Serum D-Lactic acid, lipopolysaccharide specific IgA antibody (LPS IgA), diamine oxidase (DAO), and colon Claudin 5 and ZO-1 were used to evaluate the intestinal barrier.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The results confirmed that JFG effectively protected rats from RA injury, which was confirmed by improved foot swelling and synovial pathology. At the same time, JFG reduced the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in serum by inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway and TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway in synovial tissue. Multiple omics studies indicated that JFG increased the abundance of gut microbiota and regulated the number of gut bacteria, thereby increased the levels of Acetic acid, Propionic acid, and Butyric acid in the gut and serum of RA rats, which activated AMPK to regulate fatty acid metabolism and fatty acid biosynthesis, thereby inhibited lipid oxidative stress induced ferroptosis to improve tissue damage caused by RA. Meanwhile, JFG improved the intestinal barrier by upregulating the expresses of Claudin 5 and ZO-1, which was confirmed by low concentrations of D-Lactic acid, LPS-SIgA and DAO in serum.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;This study confirmed that JFG improved the disturbance of fatty acid metabolism by modulating gut microbiota and the production of fecal SCFAs to activate AMPK, and then inhibited ferroptosis caused by lipid oxidative stress in synovium tissue and prevented AR injury. This study proposes for the first time to investigate the mechanism of JFG treatment ","PeriodicalId":15761,"journal":{"name":"Journal of ethnopharmacology","volume":"339 ","pages":"Article 119160"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142750964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shugan Jianpi Formula attenuate liver fibrosis via regulation of miR-193a-3p/TGF-β2 in hepatic stellate cells: An in vivo and in vitro study.","authors":"Qiumei Zhou, Xue Zhang, Sen Chen, Chang Fan, Kaiqiang Wan, Chao Wu, Xiaoli Wang, Wancun Zhang, Hui Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.jep.2024.119120","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jep.2024.119120","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Ethnopharmacological relevance: </strong>The Chinese herbal medicine Shugan Jianpi Formula (SGJPF) has traditionally been used to treat various chronic liver disorders. Previous studies have indicated that SGJPF inhibits hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) activation in rats with liver fibrosis (LF) and that miR-193a-3p may be a crucial molecule in LF. However, the mechanisms by which SGJPF regulates HSCs activation through miR-193a-3p remain unclear.</p><p><strong>Aim of the study: </strong>This study aimed to determine whether the effect of SGJPF on LF is related to its regulation of miR-193a-3p and TGF-β2, both in a carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄)-induced LF mouse model and in TGF-β1-induced JS-1 cells.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A CCl₄-induced LF mouse model was established to evaluate the anti-fibrotic efficacy of SGJPF by examining liver histopathological changes, collagen deposition, and the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and collagen-I. To investigate the role of miR-193a-3p in HSCs activation, miR-193a-3p mimics and inhibitors were transfected into TGF-β1-induced JS-1 cells. The potential targets of miR-193a-3p were identified using miRDB, TargetScan 8.0, RNA-seq, and dual-luciferase reporter assays. Finally, the effects of SGJPF on HSCs activation and the miR-193a-3p/TGF-β2 axis were assessed in TGF-β1-treated JS-1 cells using CCK-8, EDU, scratch, RT-qPCR, and Western blotting assays.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>SGJPF significantly reduced liver damage and fibrosis, inhibited HSCs activation, decreased TGF-β2 levels, and increased miR-193a-3p expression in CCl₄-induced LF tissue. Additionally, miR-193a-3p was upregulated in HSCs transfected with miR-193a-3p mimics and downregulated in those with miR-193a-3p inhibitors. High levels of miR-193a-3p, combined with miRNA mimics, inhibited HSCs activation, proliferation, and migration. TGF-β2, a target negatively regulated by miR-193a-3p, partially reversed the effects of miR-193a-3p on TGF-β1-induced HSCs activation. SGJPF also reduced HSCs activation, proliferation, and migration in TGF-β1-treated JS-1 cells. Moreover, treatment with SGJPF-containing serum and miR-193a-3p inhibition restored HSCs activation, proliferation, and migration in TGF-β1-induced JS-1 cells.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study demonstrates that SGJPF ameliorates CCl₄-induced liver fibrosis, which is associated with the regulation of miR-193a-3p and TGF-β2 in HSCs. These findings provide a new pharmacological basis for SGJPF and suggest a novel strategy for treating LF through TCM by regulating miRNAs.</p>","PeriodicalId":15761,"journal":{"name":"Journal of ethnopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"119120"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142739538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kaempferol modulates ɑ2M secretion in bone marrow-derived macrophages by downregulating GR/PER1-mediated lipid metabolism to attenuate the emotional stress-aggravated metastasis of prostate cancer","authors":"Wei Li ,&nbsp;Hao Liu ,&nbsp;Jie Zheng ,&nbsp;Dechao Wang ,&nbsp;Zhiying Wang ,&nbsp;Min Hong ,&nbsp;Yuxin Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.jep.2024.119162","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jep.2024.119162","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Ethnopharmacological relevance</h3><div>Prostate cancer patients often suffer from depression during androgen deprivation therapy. Chaihu-Shugan-San (CSS) can prevent prostate cancer metastasis caused by chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS), but its active ingredients and molecular mechanism remain unelucidated.</div></div><div><h3>Aim of study</h3><div>This study aims to explore the potential targets and molecular mechanisms of CSS in the treatment of emotional stress-aggravated metastasis of prostate cancer.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Stress induces nuclear translocation of GR, initiating the transcription of PER1, which leads to an enhanced lipid metabolism and decreased secretion of α2M in BMDMs. CSS, a classical Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) formula for alleviating depression, can improve prostate cancer metastasis caused by CUMS. Of the active ingredients in CSS, kaempferol demonstrated the highest potency for enhancing α2M secretion in BMDMs and inhibiting prostate cancer cell migration. Kaempferol also inhibited nuclear translocation of GR and the GR/PER1 pathway in Per1-overexpressed BMDMs.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These findings reveal that emotional stress-aggravated prostate cancer growth and metastasis rely on the GR/PER1 pathway and lipid metabolism, as the suppression of this pathway ultimately leads to an increase in α2M secretion in BMDMs and inhibition of PC-3 cell metastasis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15761,"journal":{"name":"Journal of ethnopharmacology","volume":"339 ","pages":"Article 119162"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142739518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soufeng sanjie formula alleviates osteoarthritis by inhibiting macrophage M1 polarization and modulating intestinal metabolites","authors":"Bo Fan ,&nbsp;Qingyu Liu ,&nbsp;Yan Yang ,&nbsp;Wenhui Wu ,&nbsp;Qingyun Wei ,&nbsp;Jie Yang ,&nbsp;Chunping Hu ,&nbsp;Xiaoyan Sun ,&nbsp;Peng Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.jep.2024.119147","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jep.2024.119147","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Ethnopharmacological relevance&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Osteoarthritis (OA) is defined as “bone bi” disease based on clinical symptoms in Chinese medicine. Soufeng sanjie formula (SF) is a traditional formula for treating “bone bi” disease, which consists of Scolopendra (dried body of &lt;em&gt;Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans&lt;/em&gt; L. Koch) (0.5 g), Scorpions (dried body of &lt;em&gt;Buthus martensii&lt;/em&gt; Karsch) (0.5 g), Astragali radix (dried root of &lt;em&gt;Astragalus membranaceus&lt;/em&gt; (Fisch.) Bge) (20 g) and Black soybean seed coats (seed coats of &lt;em&gt;Glycine max&lt;/em&gt; (L.) Merr) (30 g), and it can be used to treat rheumatoid arthritis. Nonetheless, the potential of SF to postpone the advancement of OA and its underlying mechanisms remain unexplored.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Aim of the study&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;This study investigated whether SF could alleviate OA and the underlying mechanisms.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Materials and methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) was performed to establish an OA mice model. Mechanical pain and cold pain were assessed to evaluate changes in pain sensitivity in OA mice. Micro-CT was used to observe the microstructure and quantify the bone morphological parameters of knee joints. Safranin O-fast green staining was used to evaluate cartilage damage, and Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) scores were calculated. Immunohistochemistry was used to assess the expression of inflammatory factors in the synovium of OA mice following SF administration. Immunofluorescence analyzed the fraction of CD80 and iNOS positive regions in the synovium of knee joints. The effect of SF on macrophage M1 polarization was investigated using flow cytometry, western blot and quantitative PCR (qPCR) &lt;em&gt;in vitro&lt;/em&gt;. Untargeted metabolomics was used to identify the differential metabolites associated with OA.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;SF-treatment markedly reduced the cartilage damage, lowered the OARSI score and downregulated the pain sensitivity in the OA mice. Secondly, SF decreased the expression of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α in the OA synovium. SF also reduced the percentage of CD80 and iNOS in the synovium of the knee joint after ACLT surgery by immunofluorescence. Thirdly, SF inhibited the protein expression of iNOS and COX-2, decreased the percentage of CD80, and reduced the mRNA levels of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α in BMDM cells. Furthermore, SF inhibited the macrophage M1 polarization-related AKT/NF-κB signaling pathway. Finally, untargeted metabolomics showed that SF effectively reduced the levels of intestinal metabolite 18-hydroxyoleic acid in OA mice.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Our results suggested that SF reduced pain symptoms and joint inflammation in mice with OA. Furthermore, SF inhibited synovial macrophage M1 polarization and modified the levels of the pro-inflammatory intestinal metabolite 18-hydroxyoleic acid in OA mice. Therefore, SF may be act as a potential Chinese medicine for the treatmen","PeriodicalId":15761,"journal":{"name":"Journal of ethnopharmacology","volume":"339 ","pages":"Article 119147"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142729267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating network pharmacology and multi-omics to explore the mechanism of Callicarpa kwangtungensis Chun in ameliorating Alzheimer's disease pathology in APP/PS1 mice","authors":"Yong-lin Liu ,&nbsp;Sha Xu ,&nbsp;Xi Xu ,&nbsp;Yuan Tang ,&nbsp;Jian Shao ,&nbsp;Jie Chen ,&nbsp;Yi-guang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jep.2024.119148","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jep.2024.119148","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Ethnopharmacological relevance</h3><div><em>Callicarpa kwangtungensis</em> Chun (CK) is a traditional herb for the treatment of blood stasis, hemostasis, anti-inflammation, and antidepressant. Previous studies have showen that CK extract has significant anti-neuroinflammatory activity. However, the mechanism by which it treats AD is still unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Aim of study</h3><div>This study aimed to investigate the effects and mechanisms of <span>CK</span> in ameliorating <span>AD</span> pathology using in vivo and in vitro models, supported by a multi-omics analysis approach.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>The chemical composition of CK was characterized using UPLC-QE Plus-MS/MS. The effects and mechanisms of CK on AD pathology were then investigated using APP/PS1 mice and BV2 and HT22 cell models, with comprehensive insights provided by network pharmacology, transcriptomics, and metabolomics analyses.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>This study is the first to report the identification of 146 compounds from CK. CK administration led to significant improvements in cognitive function, reduced amyloid-beta and neurofibrillary tangle formation, and inhibited the activation of microglia and astrocytes in APP/PS1 mice. Comprehensive analyses suggest that CK may modulate the TCA cycle through the PI3K-AKT signaling pathways and inflammation-related MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways. In vitro studies revealed that CK significantly inhibited LPS-induced inflammation and oxidative stress in BV2 cells, as well as reduced oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis in HT22 cells.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These findings underscore the potential of CK as a therapeutic agent in alleviating AD pathology. This study offers new insights into CK's mechanisms, suggesting that its therapeutic effects may be achieved through the coordinated reduction of neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and neuronal apoptosis across multiple pathways, collectively working to counteract AD pathology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15761,"journal":{"name":"Journal of ethnopharmacology","volume":"339 ","pages":"Article 119148"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142716371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transforming growth factor-β3/Smad2/Smad3 signaling pathway inhibition and autophagy by the Yunpi-Xiefei-Huatan decoction ameliorated airway inflammation and mucus hypersecretion in asthmatic rats","authors":"Wenzhou Wang ,&nbsp;Zhu Chen ,&nbsp;Kainan Cui ,&nbsp;Na Chen ,&nbsp;Qianqian Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.jep.2024.119125","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jep.2024.119125","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Ethnopharmacological relevance</h3><div>The Yunpi-Xiefei-Huatan decoction (YXHD) is a traditional Chinese medicine that can improve asthma-related symptoms, including cough, phlegm in the throat, and shortness of breath. However, the YXHD mechanism on asthma has not yet been elucidated.</div></div><div><h3>Study aim</h3><div>The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of YXHD on airway inflammation, mucus hypersecretion, and autophagy modulation in asthma.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>The YXHD chemical constituents were observed and analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Ovalbumin sensitization and stimulation were used to establish an asthma rat model. A total of 80 Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were segmented into eight groups at random: a Normal (NC) group, a Model (Mod) group, a YXHD low-dose group (10 g/kg/d), a YXHD moderate-dose group (20 g/kg/d), a YXHD high-dose group (40 g/kg/d), a Rapamycin group (4 mg/kg/d), a 3-methyladenine (3-MA) group (15 mg/kg/d), and a Dexamethasone (DEX) group (0.5 mg/kg/d). Whole-body plethysmography (WBP) detection was used to evaluate airway hyperresponsiveness. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect inflammatory factors in the peripheral blood. Inflammatory cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were also counted. Pathological changes in the lung tissues were marked using hematoxylin and eosin (H&amp;E) staining and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining. The localization of MUC5AC and the co-localization of LC3B + MUC5AC were observed using immunofluorescence. The expressions of autophagy and the TGF-β3/Smad2/Smad3 pathway in the lung tissues were detected using a Western blot assay (WB) and qPCR, and the autophagosomes in the lung tissues were detected using a transmission electron microscope (TEM).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Twenty signal peaks were identified using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS) technology. The TGF-β3/Smad2/Smad3 signal pathway activation was induced using ovalbumin (OVA) exposure in the rats. The upregulated expression of autophagy, enhanced MUC5AC fluorescence and LC3B fluorescence, and their co-localized expression in the airway epithelium indicated inflammatory cell infiltration and excessive mucus secretion in the lungs. This resulted in airway hyper-responsiveness. The YXHD inhibited the activation of the TGF-β3/Smad2/Smad3 signaling pathway, and autophagy expression reduced inflammatory factors, abnormal mucus secretion, and airway hyperresponsiveness.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The YXHD improved lung function, relieved lung inflammation, and inhibited airway mucus secretions in asthmatic rat models. Its mechanism may have been related to the blockage of the TGF-β3/Smad2/Smad3 signaling pathway and autophagy downregulation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15761,"journal":{"name":"Journal of ethnopharmacology","volume":"339 ","pages":"Article 119125"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142710304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Xiaoai Jiedu recipe reduces cell survival and induces apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma by stimulating autophagy via the AKT/mTOR pathway","authors":"Yi Ji ,&nbsp;Li Li ,&nbsp;Wenting Li ,&nbsp;Liu Li ,&nbsp;Yanxia Ma ,&nbsp;Qingfeng Li ,&nbsp;Xi Chen ,&nbsp;Wenyue Zhao ,&nbsp;Hengzhou Zhu ,&nbsp;Jiege Huo ,&nbsp;Mianhua Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.jep.2024.119135","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jep.2024.119135","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Ethnopharmacological relevance</h3><div>The Xiaoai Jiedu recipe (XJR) is a traditional Chinese medicine formulation used in clinical settings to treat liver cancer. It has shown promising effectiveness by combining herbal and animal-derived ingredients, offering a new approach to cancer treatment. However, its mechanism of action is poorly understood.</div></div><div><h3>Aim of the study</h3><div>The molecular processes underlying the inhibitory effects of the XJR on hepatocellular cancer (HCC) were investigated.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>The primary chemical components of XJR and associated disease targets relevant to HCC were anticipated and compiled using a database. The potential targets and processes by which XJR influenced HCC were investigated using GO and KEGG enrichment analyses, as well as protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks. Transmission electron microscopy, laser confocal microscopy, and Western blotting were used to evaluate autophagy, while CCK-8 assays measured cell viability and Western blotting and flow cytometry evaluated apoptosis. <em>In vivo</em> assays were conducted employing an HCC xenograft mouse model.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Network pharmacology analysis identified 456 intersecting targets between XJR and HCC. The top five active components are quercetin, cholesterol, jaceosidine, eupafolin, and oleanolic acid. The key targets include TP53, AKT1, IL6, EGFR, SRC, HSP90AA1, TNF, IL1B, MYC, and CASP3. Additionally, the autophagy pathway was found to be one of the main pathways through which XJR intervenes in HCC. The increased quantity of autophagosomes and autolysosomes, the overexpression of Beclin1 and LC3A/B-II proteins, and the downregulation of P62 all suggest that XJR stimulated autophagy in HCC cells. Functional tests employing pathway-specific activators and inhibitors and siRNA-based knockdown demonstrated that XJR promoted autophagy by blocking AKT/mTOR signaling. Furthermore, XJR reduced the viability of HCC cells and promoted apoptosis by upregulating apoptosis proteins. Autophagy inhibitors and Beclin1 silencing reversed these effects. Research conducted <em>in vivo</em> showed that XJR activated autophagy through the AKT/mTOR axis, thereby markedly reducing tumor growth and inducing tumor cell demise.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These studies show that XJR activates autophagy in both cellular and animal models to induce apoptosis and decrease HCC cell proliferation, as shown by network pharmacology and verification assays. Further, these findings provide experimental evidence that the anti-tumor activity of XJR involves autophagy stimulation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15761,"journal":{"name":"Journal of ethnopharmacology","volume":"339 ","pages":"Article 119135"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142716372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}