Journal of ethnopharmacology最新文献

{"title":"The protective effects and mechanisms of essential oil from Chimonanthus nitens Oliv. leaves in allergic rhinitis based on the NF-κB and T-bet/GATA-3 signaling pathways","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jep.2024.118908","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jep.2024.118908","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Ethnopharmacological relevance</h3><div>Preliminary studies showed that Shanlameiye granules are derived from <em>Chimonanthus nitens</em> Oliv. Leaves ameliorate inflammatory responses in mice with Allergic Rhinitis (AR). The essential oil from <em>Chimonanthus nitens</em> Oliv. Leaves (CLO) have been identified as the key active substances in these granules. However, whether CLO constitutes the primary mechanism for the mitigation of AR-related inflammation by these granules has not yet been investigated.</div></div><div><h3>Aim of the study</h3><div>This experiment was to validate the effects and mechanism of CLO on inflammatory responses in RAW264.7 cells and AR rat model.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>An inflammatory model was induced in RAW264.7 cells by Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) &amp; Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) stimulation. AR rat model was established using both systemic and local challenges with Ovalbumin (OVA).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In cell experiments, CLO obviously decreased the secretion of cytokines and inhibited the NF-κB signaling pathway activation. In animal experiments, CLO decreased the number of eosinophils in the blood and lowered the levels of cytokines in nasal lavage fluid (NALF). Additionally, CLO inhibited the expression of STAT6, GATA-3, and p-p65, while increasing the expression of STAT4 and T-bet in the nasal mucosa.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>In AR rat model, CLO may play an anti-inflammatory role in AR rat model by regulating NF-κB and T-bet/GATA-3 signaling pathways.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15761,"journal":{"name":"Journal of ethnopharmacology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142445111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap/MS, Network pharmacology and experimental validation to reveal the potential mechanism of Kadsura coccinea roots in Colon Cancer","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jep.2024.118934","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jep.2024.118934","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Ethnopharmacological relevance</h3><div><em>Kadsura coccinea</em> roots are a traditional folk medicine used to treat gastrointestinal diseases. In recent years, research on <em>K</em>. <em>coccinea</em> has predominantly focused on the analysis of chemical composition and screening for activity, but there is a scarcity of studies that employ mass spectrometry to analyze <em>Kadsura coccinea</em> roots.</div></div><div><h3>Aim of the study</h3><div>This study aimed to characterize the chemical composition of <em>K. coccinea</em> roots and explore the pharmacological mechanisms with network pharmacology. Cell assay and Western blot analysis were used to verify the pharmacological mechanism of the main compounds in <em>K. coccinea</em> roots.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap/MS was used for chemical analysis of <em>K. coccinea</em> roots, and the compounds were identified by employing diagnostic product ions, fragmentation patterns, ChemSpider, and in-house databases. Network pharmacology was employed to estimate the pathways related to pharmacological mechanisms. In addition, MTT assay was conducted to determine the inhibitory activity of colon cancer cell lines, and their apoptotic abilities were evaluated by flow cytometry and Western blot.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap/MS identified a total of 54 compounds in <em>K</em>. <em>coccinea</em> roots. The 54 compounds were subjected to network pharmacology analysis, exploring the pharmacological action of the main components of <em>K</em>. <em>coccinea</em> roots. The common targets between the compounds and colon cancer comprised 2009 GO biological process items and 186 KEGG signal pathways. Flow cytometry indicated that treatments with 20 μM of the above-named compounds resulted in an apoptosis rate of 16.6%, 79.7%, and 22.2% in HCT-116 cells, respectively. Meanwhile, Western blot analysis confirmed that the compounds promoted the expression of Bax and Caspase-3 level expression.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The findings demonstrated that <em>K</em>. <em>coccinea</em> roots can treat colon cancer through multiple components, targets, and pathways. This study revealed the effective components and molecular mechanisms of <em>K</em>. <em>coccinea</em>, which were preliminarily verified using <em>in vitro</em> experiments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15761,"journal":{"name":"Journal of ethnopharmacology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142445114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polygonum tinctorium extract suppresses the virulence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by disrupting its extracellular vesicles","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jep.2024.118933","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jep.2024.118933","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Ethnopharmacological relevance</h3><div>Methicillin-resistant <em>S. aureus</em> (MRSA) is a significant global health concern, causing both hospital- and community-acquired infections. The extracellular vesicles released by <em>S. aureus</em> (SaEVs) contain essential factors related to the bacterial survival and pathogenicity. <em>Polygonum tinctorium</em> is traditionally used as a natural dye (indigo) and for treating various infectious diseases caused by microorganisms. However, the effect of <em>P. tinctorium</em> extract (Indigo Ex) and its mechanism on SaEVs is unknown.</div></div><div><h3>Aim of the study</h3><div>We investigated the effect and mechanism of Indigo Ex on SaEVs, which could be used in controlling <em>S. aureus</em>, especially MRSA infection.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>Indigo Ex was prepared from pesticide-free <em>P. tinctorium</em>, which was dried, powdered, and extracted with <em>d</em>-limonene. SaEVs were isolated and purified from MRSA culture supernatant by step-gradient ultracentrifugation. The effect of Indigo Ex on SaEVs morphology was observed by both transmission and scanning electron microscopy after incubating the Indigo Ex and SaEVs under shaking conditions. The cytotoxicity of Indigo Ex was performed using mouse macrophage cell line, RAW 264.7. In addition, the ability of Indigo Ex-treated SaEVs to stimulate the immune response and cytotoxicity in RAW 264.7 cells were evaluated by ELISA and WST-1 assay, respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>SaEV particles were disrupted when treated with undiluted Indigo Ex in a time-dependent manner. For the cytotoxicity of Indigo Ex on RAW 264.7 cells, over 50% of the cell viability decreased when diluted Indigo Ex 1000-fold and no cytotoxic effect was observed at a 25,000-fold dilution of Indigo Ex. Interestingly, the Indigo Ex-treated SaEVs showed less cytotoxic effect than SaEVs alone. Similarly, SaEVs treated with Indigo Ex reduced stimulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) and anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) in RAW 264.7 cells compared to untreated SaEVs. Our results indicate that Indigo Ex disrupted SaEV particles, resulting in reduced virulence and stimulation of immune response.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study reveals that the low concentration of Indigo Ex can suppresses the virulence of SaEVs without causing cytotoxicity to the host cells. Therefore, Indigo Ex may have the potential to be used to control <em>S. aureus</em> infection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15761,"journal":{"name":"Journal of ethnopharmacology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142467214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Amino acid metabolites profiling in unpredictable chronic mild stress-induced depressive rats and the protective effects of Gastrodia elata Blume and gastrodin","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jep.2024.118906","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jep.2024.118906","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Ethnopharmacological relevance</h3><div>Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a prevalent condition that affects approximately 350 million people worldwide. Several studies have identified changes in amino acids in the blood of MDD patients, suggesting their potential as biomarkers to better understand their role in depression. <em>Gastrodia elata</em> Blume (GEB) and its active compound gastrodin (GAS) are recognized for their antidepressant properties. However, their effects on amino acid profiles and their potential role in alleviating depression remain poorly understood. Understanding how GEB and GAS influence amino acid metabolism may offer novel insights into their mechanisms in alleviating depression, potentially leading to more targeted therapeutic strategies.</div></div><div><h3>Aim of the study</h3><div>This study aimed to investigate the potential role of supplementing GEB and its active compound GAS to reverse altered amino acid profiles in depressed rats.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>To achieve this, six-week-old SD rats were induced depressive-like behaviors by the UCMS rat model for 5 weeks. Groups receiving GEB or GAS were administered orally via gavage daily within the UCMS model. Serum samples were collected and analyzed using a targeted metabolomics approach employing LC-MS for amino acid profiling.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 38 amino acid metabolites were identified, 17 of which were significantly altered following UCMS. UCMS rats exhibited perturbed arginine biosynthesis, arginine and proline metabolism pathways. Changes in key amino acids in these metabolic pathways were reversed following supplementation with GEB and GAS, which also alleviated depressive symptoms.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In conclusion, UCMS-induced depression in rats causes changes in some amino acid metabolites similar to those found in human depression, validating its relevance as a model for studying depression. Additionally, the research suggests that GEB and GAS may exert antidepressant effects by regulating amino acid metabolism.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15761,"journal":{"name":"Journal of ethnopharmacology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142467239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revealing the molecular mechanism of baohuoside I for the treatment of breast cancer based on network pharmacology and molecular docking","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jep.2024.118918","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jep.2024.118918","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Ethnopharmacological relevance</h3><div>In Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), there are many prescriptions for treating breast cancer (BC) that utilize the herb <em>Epimedium brevicornum</em> Maxim, which warms and replenishes kidney yang. Baohuoside I (BI) is a flavonoid compound found in <em>Epimedium brevicornum</em> Maxim. As a single glycoside, it is not easily hydrolyzed in the intestine and is typically absorbed as a precursor. As a natural product with potential anti-cancer properties, studies have shown that BI possesses anti-cancer activity and can inhibit the invasion and migration of BC cells. However, its underlying mechanisms remain unclear, thus further research is needed to validate its modern mechanisms for traditional uses.</div></div><div><h3>Aim of the study</h3><div>This study aimed to explore the regulatory mechanism of BI in the signaling pathways of BC cells through network pharmacology (NP), molecular docking (MD) techniques and cellular experiments.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Potential targets were predicted using public databases, and a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were performed. Key signaling pathways were validated through MD techniques, cellular experiments, RNA interference and Western blot (WB) analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Treatment-associated targets included SRC, MAPK1, HSP90AA1, PIK3CA, TP53, AKT1, and EGFR. GO enrichment, KEGG enrichment analyses, and MD results indicated that BI exerts its anti-breast cancer effects by inhibiting the tyrosine kinase activity of EGFR, as well as through downstream MAPK signaling pathway and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway pathways. In vitro experiments confirmed that BI primarily induce cell apoptosis through the EGFR-mediated MAPK signaling pathway and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>BI can inhibit EGFR activation and promote BC cell apoptosis through the MAPK signaling pathway and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, thereby exerting therapeutic effects on BC. This study not only provides experimental evidence for the accuracy of NP but also offers an effective approach for rational utilization of Baohuoside I-like flavonoid compounds as anti-breast cancer drugs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15761,"journal":{"name":"Journal of ethnopharmacology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142445113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the chronic oral toxicity of the classical ancient prescription Kai-Xin-San","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jep.2024.118931","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jep.2024.118931","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Ethnopharmacological relevance</h3><div>The Kai-Xin-San (KXS), as an ancient classic prescription, has been used for the treatment of amnesia for thousands of years. Modern clinical and non-clinical pharmacological studies have found that it has significant therapeutic effects on dementia and depression, but there are relatively few studies on its safety.</div></div><div><h3>Aim of the study</h3><div>Subacute and chronic toxicity studies were conducted to investigate the symptoms, severity, target organs, development and recovery of toxic reactions, as well as the toxic dose. These studies provide technical data for ensuring the safety of KXS.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>In the sub-acute toxicity study, rats were orally administered KXS at doses of 0.80, 1.61, 3.22, and 6.43 g/kg body weight for a duration of 4 weeks. In the chronic toxicity study, rats were orally administered KXS at doses of 0.27, 0.81, and 2.43 g/kg body weight for a duration of 26 weeks, and a withdrawal study was conducted for a period of 4 weeks after the treatment.The rats were observed daily for clinical signs and mortality. Changes in body weight, food consumption, and water consumption were periodically monitored. Additionally, urinalysis results, hematological and biochemical parameters, relative organ weights, and pathology were monitored at specific observation time points.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In the sub-acute toxicity study, necropsy of dead and moribund rats revealed evident distension and swelling of the gastrointestinal tract, as well as thinning of the intestinal wall. The main adverse reactions observed included flatulence, piloerection, abnormal breathing sounds, and emaciation. Doses of 1.61 g/kg and below did not cause animal death. The gastrointestinal system is the main target organ of toxicity. In the chronic toxicity study, the no-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL) of KXS was 0.27 g/kg, and its toxic effects were primarily concentrated in the gastrointestinal system. This led to secondary pathological changes in the immune system, hematopoietic system, and heart, suggesting that relevant indicators should be monitored when large doses are used clinically for an extended period of time.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>During the rodent toxicity evaluation, severe gastrointestinal damage was observed when KXS, powdered with crude drugs, was administered. The NOAEL for rats was found to be 0.27 g/kg/day.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15761,"journal":{"name":"Journal of ethnopharmacology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142467252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Total alkaloids in Fritillaria cirrhosa D. Don alleviate OVA-induced allergic asthma by inhibiting M2 macrophage polarization","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jep.2024.118935","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jep.2024.118935","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Ethnopharmacological relevance</h3><div><em>Fritillaria cirrhosa</em> D. Don (FCD) is a traditional Chinese medicine used to treat respiratory disorders, known for its effects in clearing heat, moistening the lungs, resolving phlegm, and relieving cough. Additionally, the total alkaloids extracted from FCD can alleviate asthma symptoms and reduce airway inflammation. However, no studies have investigated the effects of total alkaloids on lung macrophages.</div></div><div><h3>Aim of the study</h3><div>This study explored whether the total alkaloids of FCD (TAs-FCD) reduce M2 macrophage polarization and, consequently, attenuate airway remodeling in asthmatic mice. This study further elucidated its mechanism of action in treating allergic asthma.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>The extracted TAs-FCD was analyzed for its composition using UPLC-Q-TOF/MS. Network pharmacology was employed to identify the active ingredients and potential mechanisms of TAs-FCD in the treatment of allergic asthma. A mouse model of ovalbumin-induced allergic asthma was established, adopted, and validated through in vivo experiments. Hematoxylin-eosin staining (H&amp;E), immunohistochemistry (IHC), immunofluorescence staining (IF), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Western blotting (WB), and real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR) were used to investigate the role of TAs-FCD in inhibiting M2 macrophage polarization in the context of allergic asthma.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 66 active ingredients were screened from 116 compounds using SWISSADME. The targets of these 66 compounds were predicted by SwissTargetPrediction, resulting in 808 unique drug targets after excluding duplicates. Additionally, 1756 targets related to allergic asthma were identified from the DisGeNET, Genecard, and OMIM databases. This led to 267 cross-targets between the active ingredient targets and allergic asthma targets, including interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and STAT3. Animal experiments demonstrated that TAs-FCD improved histopathological injury in mouse lungs, reduced peri-airway collagen fiber accumulation, airway mucus secretion, and airway smooth muscle proliferation. TAs-FCD also lowered IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-4 levels in lung tissues and alleviated airway inflammation. Furthermore, TAs-FCD significantly reduced levels of Arg1 and CD206, which are closely associated with M2 macrophages, and downregulated the expression of p-STAT3 and p-JAK2.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>TAs-FCD may inhibit M2 macrophage polarization by regulating the JAK2/STAT3 pathway, thereby alleviating airway remodeling and inflammation in allergic asthmatic mice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15761,"journal":{"name":"Journal of ethnopharmacology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142441040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cimicifuga heracleifolia kom. Attenuates ulcerative colitis through the PI3K/AKT/NF-κB signaling pathway","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jep.2024.118892","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jep.2024.118892","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Ethnopharmacological relevance</h3><div><em>Cimicifuga heracleifolia</em> Kom. (<em>C. heracleifolia</em>) has demonstrated efficacy in treating gastrointestinal disorders, including splenasthenic diarrhea. Ulcerative colitis (UC), a chronic inflammatory bowel disease, shares similarities with splenasthenic diarrhea. However, the pharmacological effects of <em>C. heracleifolia</em> on UC and the underlying mechanisms remain unexplored.</div></div><div><h3>Aim of the study</h3><div>The present study investigates the therapeutic potential and mechanisms of <em>C. heracleifolia</em> in UC.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Initially, network pharmacology analysis, encompassing ingredient screening, target prediction, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis, and enrichment analysis, was employed to predict the mechanisms of <em>C. heracleifolia</em>. The findings were further validated using transcriptomics and functional assays in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced UC model. Additionally, bioactive compounds were identified through surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis, molecular docking, and cell-based assays.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 52 ingredients of <em>C. heracleifolia</em> were screened, and 32 key targets were identified within a PPI network comprising 285 potential therapeutic targets. Enrichment analysis indicated that the anti-UC effects of <em>C. heracleifolia</em> are mediated through immune response modulation and the inhibition of inflammatory signaling pathways. <em>In vivo</em> experiments showed that <em>C. heracleifolia</em> mitigated histological damage in the colon, reduced the expression of phosphorylated Akt1, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) p65, and inhibitor of Kappa B kinase α/β (IKKα/β), suppressed the content of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and enhanced the expression of tight junction proteins. Moreover, cimigenoside, caffeic acid, and methyl caffeate were identified as the bioactive constituents responsible for the UC treatment effects of <em>C. heracleifolia</em>.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In summary, this study is the first to demonstrate that <em>C. heracleifolia</em> exerts therapeutic effects on UC by enhancing the intestinal mucosal barrier and inhibiting the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/NF-κB signaling pathway. These findings offer valuable insights into the clinical application of <em>C. heracleifolia</em> for UC management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15761,"journal":{"name":"Journal of ethnopharmacology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142467241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethnobotanical usages, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and quality control of chuanxiong rhizoma: A review","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jep.2024.118902","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jep.2024.118902","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Ethnopharmacologic relevance&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Chuanxiong Rhizoma (CX) is the dried root rhizomes of the plant &lt;em&gt;Ligusticum&lt;/em&gt; chuanxiong Hort. of the family Umbelliferae. CX is listed as a superior herb in the book “Shennong Bencao Jing\". It has a pungent and warm nature and belongs to the liver, gallbladder, and pericardium meridians. CX is documented in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia from 1963 to 2020 editions. CX as a well-known traditional Chinese medicine for promoting blood circulation, regulating qi, dispelling wind, and relieving pain, has been proven to contain a variety of bioactive compounds with diverse pharmacological activities and medicinal value.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Aim of the study&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The current review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicity, quality control and pharmacokinetics of CX.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Materials and methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The relevant information of CX was obtained from several databases including Web of Science, PubMed, ACS Publications, Google Scholar, Baidu Scholar, CNKI, Ph.D, MSc dissertations, as well as The Catalogue of Life, Flora of China database, and The Global Biodiversity Information Facility.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;CX is widely used in traditional medicine for treating various diseases related to the cardiovascular system, liver and kidney system, nervous system, respiratory system, and more. Over 400 compounds have been identified in CX, including phthalides, alkaloids, organic acids and its esters, polyphenols, terpenes and their derivatives, polysaccharides, hydrocarbons and their derivatives, coumarins, lignans and others. The plant extracts, compounds and Chinese patent medicines possess various pharmacological activities, including cardiovascular system protection, nervous system protection, cerebrovascular system protection, anti-inflammatory, liver and lung protection, anti-diabetes, anti-osteoporosis, anti-bacterial, anti-aging, anti-oxidant, immune regulation, prevention of DNA damage, prevention of postoperative peritoneal adhesion.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Considering its traditional and modern applications, phytochemical composition, and pharmacological properties, CX can be regarded as a traditional Chinese medicine resource for treating various diseases related to the cardiovascular, hepatorenal, nervous, and respiratory systems. Current research mainly focuses on cell and animal experiments, where some active ingredients exhibit diverse pharmacological activities. However, further studies are needed to fully understand its specific mechanisms of action. In addition, there are multiple active ingredients in CX, but current research mainly focuses on the pharmacological effects of individual components, with little research on the interactions and synergistic effects between different components. It is recommended to strengthen the research on the interactions of CX compounds and t","PeriodicalId":15761,"journal":{"name":"Journal of ethnopharmacology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142467251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protective effects of phenylethanol glycosides from Cistanche tubulosa against ALD through modulating gut microbiota homeostasis","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jep.2024.118925","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jep.2024.118925","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Ethnopharmacological relevance&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;em&gt;Cistanche tubulosa&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Schenk&lt;/em&gt;) &lt;em&gt;Wight&lt;/em&gt;, a Chinese herbal medicine (Rou Cong Rong) with Xinjiang characteristics, was recorded in many medical books in ancient China and often used as a tonic medicine. Supported by the traditional Chinese medicine theory of “homology of liver and kidney,” &lt;em&gt;C&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;em&gt;tubulosa&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Schenk&lt;/em&gt;) &lt;em&gt;Wight&lt;/em&gt; has many clinical applications in tonifying the kidney and protecting the liver. Modern pharmacological studies have also found that the protective effects of phenylethanol glycosides from &lt;em&gt;C&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;em&gt;tubulosa&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Schenk&lt;/em&gt;) &lt;em&gt;Wight&lt;/em&gt; (CPhGs) play an important role in ameliorating alcoholic liver injury.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Aim of the study&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;We aimed to investigate whether CPhGs can enhance the therapeutic outcome of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) by targeting the “gut–liver axis,” thus contributing to the knowledge of how Chinese herbs alleviate disease by influencing the gut microbiota.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Materials and methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;An ALD mouse model was established using the Lieber–DeCarli alcohol liquid diet, and the effects of CPhGs on the intestinal barrier and gut microbiota of ALD mice were investigated in a pseudo-sterile mouse model and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) mouse model. We fed female C57BL/6N mice with Lieber-DeCarli ethanol liquid diet, according to the NIAAA model. Animal experiment of long-term, ethanol diet intervention for 6W, and short-term for 11d. The FMT experiments were also performed.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;CPhGs significantly improved ALD manifestations. ALD mice demonstrated significant gut microbiota dysbiosis and significantly abnormal proliferation of &lt;em&gt;Allobaculum&lt;/em&gt; compared with the control diet group in long-term NIAAA mouse model (L-Pair). In mice that received the long-term intervention, the improvement in gut barrier function in the CPhGs-treated group was accompanied by a significant decrease in the abundance of &lt;em&gt;Allobaculum&lt;/em&gt; and a significant increase in the abundance of &lt;em&gt;Akkermansia&lt;/em&gt;. Furthermore, compared with the mouse were gavaged fecal microbiota from the long-term NIAAA mouse donors (FMT-EtOH), the number of goblet cells, abundance of &lt;em&gt;Akkermansia&lt;/em&gt;, and the intestinal short-chain fatty acid concentrations were significantly increased in the mouse were gavaged fecal microbiota from high (700 mg/kg) doses of CPhGs orally in long-term NIAAA model donors (FMT-EtOH-H). Network analysis and species distribution results demonstrated that &lt;em&gt;Akkermansia&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;Allobaculum&lt;/em&gt; were the genera with the highest abundances in the gut microbiota and that their interaction was related to propionic acid metabolism.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The results suggest that CPhGs exert a protective effect against ALD by modulating the abundance and composition of &lt;em&gt;Akkermansia&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;Allobaculum&lt;/em&gt;","PeriodicalId":15761,"journal":{"name":"Journal of ethnopharmacology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142467258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}