Journal of experimental zoology. Part B, Molecular and developmental evolution最新文献

{"title":"Acclimation of intertidally reproducing sea-snails protects embryos from lethal effects of transient hyperthermia","authors":"Morgan Q. Goulding","doi":"10.1002/jez.b.23240","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jez.b.23240","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Embryos of <i>Ilyanassa obsoleta</i> (from Massachusetts and Florida) and <i>Phrontis vibex</i> (from Florida) were exposed to temperatures from 33 to 37°C. In both species, very young embryos are especially sensitive to thermal stress. Brief early heat shock did not disturb spiral cleavage geometry but led to variable, typically severe defects in larval morphogenesis and tissue differentiation. In <i>Ilyanassa</i> but not <i>P. vibex</i>, early heat shock resulted in immediate slowing or arrest of interphase progression during early cleavage. This reversible arrest was correlated with improved prognosis for larval development and (in Massachusetts snails, at least) depended on parental acclimation to warm temperature (~25.5°C). Embryos from Massachusetts snails housed at lower temperature (16°C) exhibited cytokinesis failure when briefly incubated at 33°C during early cleavage, and tissue differentiation failure during incubation at 33°C begun at later stages. This preliminary study reveals a case in which stress-conditioned parents may endow embryos with protection against potentially lethal thermal stress during the most vulnerable stages of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":15682,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental zoology. Part B, Molecular and developmental evolution","volume":"342 2","pages":"101-105"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139642275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unraveling stress resilience: Insights from adaptations to extreme environments by Astyanax mexicanus cavefish","authors":"Ansa E. Cobham,&nbsp;Nicolas Rohner","doi":"10.1002/jez.b.23238","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jez.b.23238","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Extreme environmental conditions have profound impacts on shaping the evolutionary trajectory of organisms. Exposure to these conditions elicits stress responses, that can trigger phenotypic changes in novel directions. The Mexican Tetra, <i>Astyanax mexicanus</i>, is an excellent model for understanding evolutionary mechanisms in response to extreme or new environments. This fish species consists of two morphs; the classical surface-dwelling fish and the blind cave-dwellers that inhabit dark and biodiversity-reduced ecosystems. In this review, we explore the specific stressors present in cave environments and examine the diverse adaptive strategies employed by cave populations to not only survive but thrive as successful colonizers. By analyzing the evolutionary responses of <i>A. mexicanus</i>, we gain valuable insights into the genetic, physiological, and behavioral adaptations that enable organisms to flourish under challenging environmental conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":15682,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental zoology. Part B, Molecular and developmental evolution","volume":"342 3","pages":"178-188"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jez.b.23238","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139512550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In the Spotlight—Early Career Researcher","authors":"B. Duygu Özpolat","doi":"10.1002/jez.b.23239","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jez.b.23239","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15682,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental zoology. Part B, Molecular and developmental evolution","volume":"342 2","pages":"63-64"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139491563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"3D spheroid culturing of Astyanax mexicanus liver-derived cell lines recapitulates distinct transcriptomic and metabolic states of in vivo tissue environment","authors":"Tathagata Biswas,&nbsp;Naresh Rajendran,&nbsp;Huzaifa Hassan,&nbsp;Hua Li,&nbsp;Chongbei Zhao,&nbsp;Nicolas Rohner","doi":"10.1002/jez.b.23236","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jez.b.23236","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In vitro assays are crucial tools for gaining detailed insights into various biological processes, including metabolism. Cave morphs of the river-dwelling fish species, <i>Astyanax mexicanus</i>, have adapted their metabolism allowing them to thrive in the biodiversity-deprived and nutrient-limited environment of caves. Liver-derived cells from the cave and river morphs of <i>A. mexicanus</i> have proven to be excellent in vitro resources to better understand the unique metabolism of these fish. However, the current 2D cultures have not fully captured the complex metabolic profile of the <i>Astyanax</i> liver. It is known that 3D culturing can modulate the transcriptomic state of cells when compared to its 2D monolayer culture. Therefore, to broaden the possibilities of the in vitro system by modeling a wider gamut of metabolic pathways, we cultured the liver-derived <i>Astyanax</i> cells of both surface and cavefish into 3D spheroids. We successfully established 3D cultures at various cell seeding densities for several weeks and characterized the resultant transcriptomic and metabolic variations. We found that the 3D cultured <i>Astyanax</i> cells exhibit an altered transcriptomic profile and consequently represent a wider range of metabolic pathways, including cell cycle changes and antioxidant activities, associated with liver functioning as compared to its monolayer culture. Enzymatic assay measuring antioxidants in 2D culture and 3D spheroids also revealed enhanced antioxidative capacity of 3D cultured spheroids, in line with the differential gene expression data. Additionally, the spheroids also exhibited surface and cave-specific metabolic signatures, making it a suitable system for evolutionary studies associated with cave adaptation. Notably, cavefish derived spheroids enriched for genes responding to xenobiotic stimulus, while the ones from surface enriched for immune response, both of which resonated with known physiologically adaptations associated with each morph. Taken together, the liver-derived spheroids prove to be a promising in vitro model for widening our understanding of metabolism in <i>A. mexicanus</i> and of vertebrates in general.</p>","PeriodicalId":15682,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental zoology. Part B, Molecular and developmental evolution","volume":"342 3","pages":"301-312"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jez.b.23236","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139403055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring pathways toward open-hardware ecosystems to safeguard genetic resources for biomedical research communities using aquatic model species","authors":"Yue Liu,&nbsp;Jack C. Koch,&nbsp;Lucía Arregui,&nbsp;Allyssa Oune,&nbsp;Sarah Bodenstein,&nbsp;Maria T. Gutierrez-Wing,&nbsp;Terrence R. Tiersch","doi":"10.1002/jez.b.23234","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jez.b.23234","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Development of reliable germplasm repositories is critical for preservation of genetic resources of aquatic species, which are widely utilized to support biomedical innovation by providing a foundational source for naturally occurring variation and development of new variants through genetic manipulations. A significant barrier in repository development is the lack of cryopreservation capability and reproducibility across the research community, posing great risks of losing advances developed from billions of dollars of research investment. The emergence of open scientific hardware has fueled a new movement across biomedical research communities. With the increasing accessibility of consumer-level fabrication technologies, such as three-dimensional printers, open hardware devices can be custom designed, and design files distributed to community members for enhancing rigor, reproducibility, and standardization. The overall goal of this review is to explore pathways to create open-hardware ecosystems among the communities using aquatic model resources for biomedical research. To gain feedback and insights from community members, an interactive workshop focusing on open-hardware applications in germplasm repository development was held at the 2022 Aquatic Models for Human Disease Conference, Woods Hole, Massachusetts. This work integrates conceptual strategies with practical insights derived from workshop interactions using examples of germplasm repository development. These insights can be generalized for establishment of open-hardware ecosystems for a broad biomedical research community. The specific objectives were to: (1) introduce an open-hardware ecosystem concept to support biomedical research; (2) explore pathways toward open-hardware ecosystems through four major areas, and (3) identify opportunities and future directions.</p>","PeriodicalId":15682,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental zoology. Part B, Molecular and developmental evolution","volume":"342 3","pages":"278-290"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139377744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In the spotlight-Established researcher.","authors":"Eduardo E Zattara","doi":"10.1002/jez.b.23237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jez.b.23237","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15682,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental zoology. Part B, Molecular and developmental evolution","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139097981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antagonistic regulation of homeologous uncx.L and uncx.S genes orchestrates myotome and sclerotome differentiation in the evolutionarily divergent vertebral column of Xenopus laevis","authors":"Romel S. Sánchez,&nbsp;María A Lazarte,&nbsp;Virginia S. L. Abdala,&nbsp;Sara S. Sánchez","doi":"10.1002/jez.b.23235","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jez.b.23235","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In anurans, the vertebral column diverges widely from that of other tetrapods; yet the molecular mechanisms underlying its morphogenesis remain largely unexplored. In this study, we investigate the role of the homeologous <i>uncx.L</i> and <i>uncx.S</i> genes in the vertebral column morphogenesis of the allotetraploid frog <i>Xenopus laevis</i>. We initiated our study by cloning the <i>uncx</i> orthologous genes in the anuran <i>Xenopus</i> and determining their spatial expression patterns using <i>in situ</i> hybridization. Additionally, we employed gain-of-function and loss-of-function approaches through dexamethasone-inducible <i>uncx</i> constructs and antisense morpholino oligonucleotides, respectively. Comparative analysis of the messenger RNA sequences of homeologous <i>uncx</i> genes revealed that the <i>uncx.L</i> variant lacks the eh1-like repressor domain. Our spatial expression analysis indicated that in the presomitic mesoderm and somites, the transcripts of <i>uncx.L</i> and <i>uncx.S</i> are located in overlapping domains. Alterations in the function of <i>uncx</i> genes significantly impact the development and differentiation of the sclerotome and myotome, resulting in axial skeleton malformations. Our findings suggest a scenario where the homeologous genes <i>uncx.L</i> and <i>uncx.S</i> exhibit antagonistic functions during somitogenesis. Specifically, <i>uncx.S</i> appears to be crucial for sclerotome development and differentiation, while <i>uncx.L</i> primarily influences myotome development. Postallotetraploidization, the <i>uncx.L</i> gene in <i>X. laevis</i> evolved to lose its eh1-like repressor domain, transforming into a “native dominant negative” variant that potentially competes with <i>uncx.S</i> for the same target genes. Finally, the histological analysis revealed that <i>uncx.S</i> expression is necessary for the correct formation of pedicles and neural arch of the vertebrae, and <i>uncx.L</i> is required for trunk muscle development.</p>","PeriodicalId":15682,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental zoology. Part B, Molecular and developmental evolution","volume":"342 4","pages":"350-367"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139058402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Skeletal Class III phenotype: Link between animal models and human genetics: A scoping review","authors":"Alexandra Dehesa-Santos,&nbsp;Maria Cristina Faria-Teixeira,&nbsp;Alejandro Iglesias-Linares","doi":"10.1002/jez.b.23230","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jez.b.23230","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study aimed to identify evidence from animal studies examining genetic variants underlying maxillomandibular discrepancies resulting in a skeletal Class III (SCIII) malocclusion phenotype. Following the Manual for Evidence Synthesis of the JBI and the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews, a participant, concept, context question was formulated and systematic searches were executed in the PubMed, Scopus, WOS, Scielo, Open Gray, and Mednar databases. Of the 779 identified studies, 13 met the selection criteria and were included in the data extraction. The SCIII malocclusion phenotype was described as mandibular prognathism in <i>the Danio rerio</i>, <i>Dicentrarchus labrax</i>, and <i>Equus africanus asinus</i> models; and as maxillary deficiency in <i>the Felis silvestris catus</i>, <i>Canis familiaris</i>, <i>Salmo trutta</i>, and <i>Mus musculus</i> models. The identified genetic variants highlight the significance of BMP and TGF-β signaling. Their regulatory pathways and genetic interactions link them to cellular bone regulation events, particularly ossification regulation of postnatal cranial synchondroses. In conclusion, twenty genetic variants associated with the skeletal SCIII malocclusion phenotype were identified in animal models. Their interactions and regulatory pathways corroborate the role of these variants in bone growth, differentiation events, and ossification regulation of postnatal cranial synchondroses.</p>","PeriodicalId":15682,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental zoology. Part B, Molecular and developmental evolution","volume":"342 1","pages":"21-44"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jez.b.23230","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138716101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Semi-automated, high-content imaging of drug transporter knockout sea urchin (Lytechinus pictus) embryos","authors":"Evan Tjeerdema,&nbsp;Yoon Lee,&nbsp;Rachel Metry,&nbsp;Amro Hamdoun","doi":"10.1002/jez.b.23231","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jez.b.23231","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A defining feature of sea urchins is their extreme fecundity. Urchins produce millions of transparent, synchronously developing embryos, ideal for spatial and temporal analysis of development. This biological feature has been effectively utilized for ensemble measurement of biochemical changes. However, it has been underutilized in imaging studies, where single embryo measurements are used. Here we present an example of how stable genetics and high content imaging, along with machine learning-based image analysis, can be used to exploit the fecundity and synchrony of sea urchins in imaging-based drug screens. Building upon our recently created sea urchin ABCB1 knockout line, we developed a high-throughput assay to probe the role of this drug transporter in embryos. We used high content imaging to compare accumulation and toxicity of canonical substrates and inhibitors of the transporter, including fluorescent molecules and antimitotic cancer drugs, in homozygous knockout and wildtype embryos. To measure responses from the resulting image data, we used a nested convolutional neural network, which rapidly classified embryos according to fluorescence or cell division. This approach identified sea urchin embryos with 99.8% accuracy and determined two-cell and aberrant embryos with 96.3% and 89.1% accuracy, respectively. The results revealed that ABCB1 knockout embryos accumulated the transporter substrate calcein 3.09 times faster than wildtypes. Similarly, knockouts were 4.71 and 3.07 times more sensitive to the mitotic poisons vinblastine and taxol. This study paves the way for large scale pharmacological screens in the sea urchin embryo.</p>","PeriodicalId":15682,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental zoology. Part B, Molecular and developmental evolution","volume":"342 3","pages":"313-329"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jez.b.23231","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138628735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Annelids as models of germ cell and gonad regeneration","authors":"B. Duygu Özpolat","doi":"10.1002/jez.b.23233","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jez.b.23233","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Germ cells (reproductive cells and their progenitors) give rise to the next generation in sexually reproducing organisms. The loss or removal of germ cells often leads to sterility in established research organisms such as the fruit fly, nematodes, frog, and mouse. The failure to regenerate germ cells in these organisms reinforced the dogma of germline–soma barrier in which germ cells are set-aside during embryogenesis and cannot be replaced by somatic cells. However, in stark contrast, many animals including segmented worms (annelids), <i>hydrozoans</i>, planaria, sea stars, sea urchins, and tunicates can regenerate germ cells. Here I review germ cell and gonad regeneration in annelids, a rich history of research that dates back to the early 20th century in this highly regenerative group. Examples include annelids from across the annelid phylogeny, across developmental stages, and reproductive strategies. Adult annelids regenerate germ cells as a part of regeneration, grafting, and asexual reproduction. Annelids can also recover germ cells after ablation of germ cell progenitors in the embryos. I present a framework to investigate cellular sources of germ cell regeneration in annelids, and discuss the literature that supports different possibilities within this framework, where germ–soma separation may or may not be preserved. With contemporary genetic-lineage tracing and bioinformatics tools, and several genetically enabled annelid models, we are at the brink of answering the big questions that puzzled many for over more than a century.</p>","PeriodicalId":15682,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental zoology. Part B, Molecular and developmental evolution","volume":"342 3","pages":"126-143"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138569894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}