Journal of experimental zoology. Part B, Molecular and developmental evolution最新文献

{"title":"Skeletogenic Expression of Integrin Alpha, Talin and Npnt Genes and Npnt Role in Sea Urchin Skeletogenesis","authors":"Shanduo Chen,&nbsp;Tsvia Gildor,&nbsp;Prashant Tewari,&nbsp;Smadar Ben-Tabou de-Leon","doi":"10.1002/jez.b.23326","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jez.b.23326","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Biomineralization, the formation of mineralized tissues like skeletons and shells, is an essential developmental process in diverged phyla. Vertebrates' biomineralization involves the secretion of specialized extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and the formation of Integrin-based focal adhesions, yet less is known about the role of such factors in invertebrates. A recent study has shown that focal adhesions form around the calcite spicule of the sea urchin larva, however, the skeletogenic expression and role of adhesion related proteins in this system are understudied. Here, we identified a set of ECM and adhesion genes that show enriched expression in the sea urchin skeletogenic cells and studied the role of the ECM protein, Npnt, in <i>Paracentrotus lividus</i>. The integrin alpha proteins, Pl-Ahi, Pl-Aji, Pl-Api, and the Pl-Talin protein are highly conserved between sea urchin and humans and the expression of these genes is enriched in the skeletogenic cells during early skeletogenesis. <i>Pl-npnt</i> is expressed specifically in skeletogenic cells throughout skeletogenesis and requires Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) signaling for its maintenance. Genetic perturbations of <i>Pl-npnt</i> result in skeletal defects, including reduced length of skeletal rods, ectopic spicule formation and branching, while skeletogenic cell migration remained unaffected. The activation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) around the spicules is independent of Pl-Npnt activity in agreement with the loss of Integrin binding site in the sea urchin Npnt protein. Our findings set the stage for further analyses of ECM and adhesion-mediated mechanisms that drive sea urchin biomineralization, and most likely participate in skeletal development across metazoans.</p>","PeriodicalId":15682,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental zoology. Part B, Molecular and developmental evolution","volume":"346 1","pages":"7-19"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jez.b.23326","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144956501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Provisional Structures of the Larva of Nipponomicrura sp. (Nemertea, Pilidiophora)","authors":"Timur Yu. Magarlamov,&nbsp;Alexei V. Chernyshev","doi":"10.1002/jez.b.23327","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jez.b.23327","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Nemertea is a phylum of predominantly marine worms that exhibit various larval forms, including the iconic pilidium. Pelagic lecithotrophic pilidia are considered more derived than pelagic planktotrophic pilidia, but data on the structure of lecithotrophic larvae are limited to the light-optical level. Here, we study the lecithotrophic reversed Iwata's larvae of an undescribed heteronemertean, <i>Nipponomicrura</i> sp. Using transmission electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy with F-actin, acetylated α-tubulin, and serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) labeling, the provisional structures of the larva are described. The larval envelope of <i>Nipponomicrura</i> sp. consists of three layers: the epidermis, the circular musculature, and the epithelium of the amnion. The larval epidermis contains a considerable amount of yolk, only half of which is consumed by the end of metamorphosis. The apical plate consists of 5-hydroxytryptamine-negative cells, each bearing a cilium surrounded by a collar of eight to nine microvilli. Four monociliated 5-hydroxytryptamine-like-immunoreactivity sensory apical neurons are associated with the apical plate. For the first time, a pair of longitudinal muscles running along the body of the juvenile and joining the anterior and posterior parts of the provisional epithelium has been identified in nemertean larvae. These muscles serve as retractors of the apical plate and fix the position of the juvenile within the larva. The obtained data indicate a similar morphology of the apical organ in Pilidiophora larvae; however, in the <i>Nipponomicrura</i> sp. larva, there are more layers under the apical plate, and the muscle-retractor is derived from two longitudinal muscle cords that pass through the juvenile's body, and in posterior pole, attach at the base of the larval envelope.</p>","PeriodicalId":15682,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental zoology. Part B, Molecular and developmental evolution","volume":"346 1","pages":"20-33"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144956552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Why Homoscleromorph Sponges Have Ciliated Epithelia: Evidence for an Ancestral Role in Mucociliary Driven Particle Flux","authors":"Veronica L. Price,&nbsp;Anudi Nanayakkara,&nbsp;Andrea Pasini,&nbsp;Elsa Bazellières,&nbsp;Amelie Vernale,&nbsp;Caroline Rocher,&nbsp;Carole Borchiellini,&nbsp;Andre Le Bivic,&nbsp;Emmanuelle Renard,&nbsp;Sally P. Leys","doi":"10.1002/jez.b.23324","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jez.b.23324","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Cilia are found on the epithelia of almost all metazoans, so their absence from the epithelia of all but one class of Porifera is puzzling. Homoscleromorph sponges possess ciliated epithelia, but their function and evolutionary history within Porifera are unclear. We compared the ciliary beat frequencies (CBFs) of cilia on outer epithelia of the homoscleromorph sponge <i>Oscarella</i> sp. with those of other animals to suggest possible functions for the cilia. Settled Stage 4 buds, or juveniles, were found to have a higher CBF than free-moving Stage 1 buds, and CBF was within the range of cilia that function in mucus transport in other aquatic invertebrates. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images of buds fixed with ruthenium red to detect the presence of mucus showed that mucus was associated with the cilia of the exopinacoderm and both SEM and immunofluorescence images revealed fields of homogeneously oriented cilia. Confocal imaging of fluorescent beads also showed that cilia beat in the same direction. Movement of beads was reduced by nocodazole treatment indicating that the movement of particles over the surface was caused by ciliary beat. These results suggest that cilia on the epithelia of Homoscleromorph sponges are involved in mucociliary-driven particle flux, and may be used to clean the surface using mucus.</p>","PeriodicalId":15682,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental zoology. Part B, Molecular and developmental evolution","volume":"344 8","pages":"505-516"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jez.b.23324","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144956503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15682,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental zoology. Part B, Molecular and developmental evolution","volume":"346 3","pages":"226-241"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148080945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15682,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental zoology. Part B, Molecular and developmental evolution","volume":"346 3","pages":"214-225"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148072634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accommodation of Dental Variations During Jaw Growth in Ungulate Mammals","authors":"Helder Gomes Rodrigues,&nbsp;Jules Chabot,&nbsp;Thomas Cucchi,&nbsp;Guillaume Billet","doi":"10.1002/jez.b.23321","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jez.b.23321","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The growth of teeth and jaw bones is intimately linked in vertebrates, especially in mammals due to their specialized dentition and limited body growth. However, the relative patterns of growth and level of integration (i.e., co-variation) of these structures are insufficiently known, which hinders our ability to understand how the jaw bones accommodate the diverse dental shapes and eruption patterns observed in mammals. Here, we studied the cranial ontogenetic series of 23 ungulate species among artiodactyls, perissodactyls, and hyracoids having different dental shapes and eruption patterns. We evaluated the variation of the teeth-palate complex, as well as the co-variation of teeth and palate during growth using 3D geometric morphometrics. We found a major ontogenetic component common to all the species studied, corresponding to an elongated dental row relative to the palate in juveniles and vice versa in adults. This pattern agrees with the prolonged growth of the palate as compared to teeth during development but is also reminiscent of an intraspecific allometric pattern previously observed in some dwarf ungulates. Moreover, most artiodactyls, especially ruminants, departed from other ungulates in having a higher co-variation between the dental row and the palate. This stronger integration seen in ruminants might be associated with their inherited rapid growth and relatively fast eruption pattern. This is in contrast to ungulates with late eruption of last molars, whose teeth-palate complex might be less constrained, but further investigation is needed to substantiate these hypotheses and better understand the factors influencing covariations within the upper jaw.</p>","PeriodicalId":15682,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental zoology. Part B, Molecular and developmental evolution","volume":"344 8","pages":"487-504"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jez.b.23321","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144784400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In the Spotlight—Established Researcher","authors":"Erich Bornberg-Bauer","doi":"10.1002/jez.b.23318","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jez.b.23318","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Professor Erich Bornberg-Bauer is an internationally recognized expert in molecular evolution and bioinformatics, with a career that spans over three decades and bridges disciplines from biophysics to experimental genomics. Currently a full professor at the University of Münster, his work aims to shape our understanding of how new biological functions evolve, how novel genes arise, and how protein architecture and modularity influence organismal complexity.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Erich Bornberg-Bauer is the Coordinator of the DFG Priority Programme “Genomic Basis of Evolutionary Innovations” (SPP 2349, GEvol) and a Principal Investigator in HFSP, DrosEU, EvoPAD, and multiple EU Horizon 2020 projects.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Erich Bornberg-Bauer is a Guest Co-Editor of this special issue on the &lt;i&gt;Genomic Basis of Evolutionary Innovations in Insect&lt;/i&gt;s.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Website&lt;/b&gt;: https://bornberglab.org&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Google Scholar page&lt;/b&gt;: https://scholar.google.de/citations?hl=en&amp;user=cuyRZ88AAAAJ&amp;view_op=list_works&amp;pagesize=100@.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;I studied Biochemistry and Mathematics at the University of Vienna, and initially got interested in theoretical biology, Turing models, and other models describing development in the first place. I completed my PhD with Peter Schuster, who trained us in computational molecular evolutionary biology and taught us to think in evolutionary terms. After postdoctoral work at the German Cancer Research Center and the EML Heidelberg, a small start-up company, I moved to the University of Manchester before accepting a professorship at the University of Münster in 2003.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;I was always intrigued by how living systems manage to innovate and become—seemingly—more complex. Biology is full of examples where new functions arise from old parts—or sometimes from scratch. Coming from a theoretical and computational background, I often ended up sitting on a fence or in a nowhere land—sometimes too mathematical for biologists, at other times too biological for physicists or computer scientists. However, over time, this interdisciplinary space turned out to be where many of the most exciting questions arise. Taking such diverse perspectives turned out to be crucial for our discoveries and remains central to my lab's philosophy.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;I like that I have always been working on what interests me, but managed to move from one subject to another and often return to prior questions. For example, our recent research area on birth and evolution of protein-coding de novo genes has been particularly rewarding as it emerged from a prior main research area on module protein evolution and fed into my oldest research area from the 1990s which aimed at understanding where in sequence space functional proteins are and how they can be evolutionary converted into each other. While new genes were long thought to evolve mostly via duplication, we have shown that entirely new protein-coding genes can emerge from noncoding DNA, and often become functional and important (Sc","PeriodicalId":15682,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental zoology. Part B, Molecular and developmental evolution","volume":"344 7","pages":"375-376"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jez.b.23318","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144707670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15682,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental zoology. Part B, Molecular and developmental evolution","volume":"346 3","pages":"200-213"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148079115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recently Evolved, Stage-Specific Genes Are Enriched at Life-Stage Transitions in Flies","authors":"Andreas Remmel,&nbsp;Karl K. Käther,&nbsp;Peter F. Stadler,&nbsp;Steffen Lemke","doi":"10.1002/jez.b.23317","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jez.b.23317","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Understanding how genomic information is selectively utilized across different life stages is essential for deciphering the developmental and evolutionary strategies of metazoans. In holometabolous insects, the dynamic expression of genes enables distinct functional adaptations at embryonic, larval, pupal, and adult stages, likely contributing to their evolutionary success. While <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> (<i>D. melanogaster</i>) has been extensively studied, less is known about the evolutionary dynamics that could govern stage-specific gene expression. To address this question, we compared the distribution of stage-specific genes, that is, genes expressed in temporally restricted developmental stages, across the development of <i>D. melanogaster</i> and <i>Aedes aegypti</i> (<i>A. aegypti</i>). Using tau-scoring, a computational method to determine gene expression specificity, we found that, on average, a large proportion of genes (20%–30% of all protein-coding genes) in both species exhibit restricted expression to specific developmental stages. Phylostratigraphy analysis, a method to date the age of genes, further revealed that stage-specific genes fall into two major categories: highly conserved and recently evolved. Notably, many of the recently evolved and stage-specific genes identified in <i>A. aegypti</i> and <i>D. melanogaster</i> are restricted to Diptera order (20%–35% of all stage-specific genes), highlighting ongoing evolutionary processes that continue to shape life-stage transitions. Overall, our findings underscore the complex interplay between gene evolutionary age, expression specificity, and morphological transformations in development. These results suggest that the attraction of genes to critical life-stage transitions is an ongoing process that may not be constant across evolutionary time or uniform between different lineages, offering new insights into the adaptability and diversification of dipteran genomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":15682,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental zoology. Part B, Molecular and developmental evolution","volume":"344 7","pages":"428-441"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jez.b.23317","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144637122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Only Insects (and Angels) Were Able to Acquire Wings Without Sacrificing a Limb”: Remembering the Evodevo Legacy of Insect Paleontologist Jarmila Kukalová-Peck","authors":"Markus Friedrich","doi":"10.1002/jez.b.23314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jez.b.23314","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>On August 13, 2024, comparative biology lost paleontologist Jarmila Kukalová-Peck, a consummate integrative biologist and the pioneer of an innovative model of insect wing evolution, which, partly informed by developmental genetics, remains a key reference in molecular evodevo studies of insect flight appendage evolution. An effort is made to retrace key steps toward this achievement in the scientific trajectory of a unique and exemplary scientist.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15682,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental zoology. Part B, Molecular and developmental evolution","volume":"344 8","pages":"477-481"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145537908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}