Journal of experimental zoology. Part B, Molecular and developmental evolution最新文献

{"title":"Systems Conditions of Evolution: A Special Issue Celebrating 100 Years of Rupert Riedl.","authors":"Mihaela Pavlicev","doi":"10.1002/jez.b.70047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jez.b.70047","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15682,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental zoology. Part B, Molecular and developmental evolution","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149182186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In the Spotlight-Established Researcher.","authors":"Frank E Zachos","doi":"10.1002/jez.b.70045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jez.b.70045","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15682,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental zoology. Part B, Molecular and developmental evolution","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149127786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Directional Internal Selection.","authors":"Günter P Wagner, James DiFrisco, Mihaela Pavličev","doi":"10.1002/jez.b.70044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jez.b.70044","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Internal selection is a process of natural selection in which fitness differences between organisms are caused by factors internal to the organism and are invariant across environments. Internal selection has been most successfully applied to explain conserved features such as the phylotypic stage of gnathostomes. In this contribution, we introduce a form of internal selection that can drive evolutionary transformations rather than trait conservation, that is directional internal selection. The basic idea is that evolutionary change of one character can induce directional selection on another trait due to interdependencies internal to the organism. We provide a formal definition of this concept and discuss examples of directional internal selection as well as its implications.</p>","PeriodicalId":15682,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental zoology. Part B, Molecular and developmental evolution","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149074436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamics of Size and Shape Variation During Embryonic Development in the Balkan Crested Newt.","authors":"Marko Bugarčić, Ana Ivanović, Milena Cvijanović, Maja Ajduković, Marija Drobnjaković, Ben Wielstra, Tijana Vučić","doi":"10.1002/jez.b.70041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jez.b.70041","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite its relevance for developmental and evolutionary studies, intraspecific variation, particularly among-individual variation in size and shape during embryogenesis, remains poorly understood. Here, we apply geometric morphometrics to quantify external morphology and to examine variation in embryo size and shape in Triturus across the tailbud and prehatching phases. Triturus newts, an emerging model system in developmental and evolutionary biology, possess a balanced lethal system that delays development, alters morphology, and induces embryonic arrest in approximately half of the embryos. We hypothesize that this arrest increases morphological variance during the tailbud phase, a period that should be highly constrained due to organogenesis. In contrast, we expect more uniform variance during the prehatching phase, which follows arrest, when only viable embryos remain and approach hatching, a major developmental milestone. Our results reveal gradual changes in size and shape across both developmental phases. Morphological variance increased at tailbud stage 23, driven in part by allometric effects, and coincided with the onset of developmental arrest. During the prehatching phase, variance was uniform but higher than that reported in a previous study of the posthatching period. Overall, our findings provide new insights into morphological variability during early development and establish a foundation for comparative studies aimed at testing developmental hypotheses, including the effects of the balanced lethal system.</p>","PeriodicalId":15682,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental zoology. Part B, Molecular and developmental evolution","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148808659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep Learning-Based Classification of In Vivo Embryonic Development Stages in Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae) Using Real-Time Microscopy Images.","authors":"Tugberk Tuncyurek, Mevlut Akcura, Hanife Yandayan Genc","doi":"10.1002/jez.b.70042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jez.b.70042","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Accurate staging of embryonic development is crucial for applied studies that require precise determination of embryonic age, such as developmental biology research and phenotype-based assessments using microinjection. However, the determination of embryonic development stages in the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata, still largely relies on manual morphological assessment, which is labor-intensive and susceptible to observer bias. In this study, we evaluated deep learning models for the automatic classification of embryonic development stages in C. capitata using time-lapse microscopy images. Embryos were monitored in vivo at 25°C ± 1°C, and high-resolution 4 K phase-contrast images (3840 × 2160 pixels) were acquired at hourly intervals throughout the developmental process (50 h). After quality control, a balanced dataset of 3000 images representing six development stages was created, including blastoderm formation (BF), early gastrulation (EG), germband elongation (GE), germband retraction (GR), dorsal closure (DC), and muscle movement (MM). Four pre-trained architectures (EfficientNetV2M, EfficientNetV2S, ResNet50, and DenseNet121) were standardized and compared under the same conditions. Model performance was evaluated using overall accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, precision, F1 score, ROC, precision-recall analysis, confusion matrices, and t-SNE visualization. With the single training-validation-test split used here, EfficientNetV2M reached a test accuracy of 86.22% and a macro-F1 of 86.12%, and ResNet50 gave comparable results. As each model was trained only once, these small differences are treated descriptively rather than as evidence of statistical superiority. Classification was most reliable for the BF, EG, and MM stages, whereas more confusion arose at the intermediate stages, where morphological features overlap. Overall, these findings show that deep learning offers a practical framework for the time-dependent classification of embryonic development stages in C. capitata and could support future work in embryology and applied entomology.</p>","PeriodicalId":15682,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental zoology. Part B, Molecular and developmental evolution","volume":" ","pages":"e70042"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148808621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Translating Riedl: The Circulation and Operationalisation of Evolutionary Ideas.","authors":"Laura Nuño de la Rosa","doi":"10.1002/jez.b.70036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jez.b.70036","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rupert Riedl's Order in Living Organisms proposed a systems theory of evolution decades before the concepts it pioneered-burden, internal selection, the imitative epigenotype-became recognizable problems on the agenda of evolutionary biology. This paper traces how these ideas were received and operationalized across morphology and phylogenetics, evolutionary quantitative genetics, evo-devo, and theoretical biology. Drawing on citation analysis, archival correspondence, and interviews, I then ask why, despite this documented influence, Riedl's ideas proved so difficult to assimilate. I argue that two main factors conspired against their wider circulation: the tightly integrated structure of his theoretical system, which resisted the selective appropriation that allows ideas to travel across disciplinary boundaries, and a sustained resistance from a neo-Darwinian orthodoxy that dismissed his morphological framework as incompatible with the Modern Synthesis. Riedl's legacy, I conclude, lies less in direct citation than in the intellectual lineages through which his students and readers translated and operationalized his insights, carrying them from the periphery toward the center of contemporary evolutionary biology.</p>","PeriodicalId":15682,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental zoology. Part B, Molecular and developmental evolution","volume":" ","pages":"e70036"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148793939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of scp3 and Its Expression Dynamics Identifies the Critical Period for Meiotic Initiation in Female Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus)","authors":"Xiaoxuan Sun,&nbsp;Luyao Cheng,&nbsp;Zhen Meng,&nbsp;Xin Fan,&nbsp;Wenteng Xu,&nbsp;Xinfu Liu,&nbsp;Rongjing Xu,&nbsp;Hesen Zhang","doi":"10.1002/jez.b.70040","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jez.b.70040","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Synaptonemal complex protein 3 (Scp3), a structural component of the synaptonemal complex, serves as a key molecular marker for studying meiosis and germ cell development in teleosts. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms of germ cell meiosis and identify critical windows for sex differentiation in turbot (<i>Scophthalmus maximus</i>), a flatfish of considerable economic value in global aquaculture, this study cloned the full-length cDNA sequence of the <i>scp3</i> gene. The obtained sequence is 1094 bp in length, containing an open reading frame of 717 bp that encodes a polypeptide of 238 amino acids, with bioinformatic analyses revealing characteristic coiled-coil domains. Tissue distribution analysis demonstrated that <i>scp3</i> expression was predominantly restricted to the gonads. Quantitative PCR in an all-female lineage revealed that transcripts were initially detectable at 25 days post-hatching (dph), remained low until 55 dph, and increased significantly thereafter, peaking after 80 dph (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). In situ hybridization localized <i>scp3</i> mRNA to the cytoplasm of early primary oocytes. The expression window, initiating at 25 dph and intensifying from 60 dph, aligns with the initiation of meiotic prophase I and precedes morphological sex differentiation. These results indicate that <i>scp3</i> functions as a reliable noninvasive molecular marker for the onset of meiosis in female turbot and may play a specific role in oocyte proliferation. This study provides a crucial theoretical foundation and key temporal information for further elucidating the molecular mechanism of sex differentiation and advancing all-female population cultivation in turbot.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15682,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental zoology. Part B, Molecular and developmental evolution","volume":"346 6","pages":"464-474"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148712800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ambient Developmental Temperatures and Maternal Thyroid Supply Promote Early Life Diversification in Salmonids","authors":"Evgeny V. Esin,&nbsp;Andrei G. Bush,&nbsp;Grigorii N. Markevich,&nbsp;Fedor N. Shkil","doi":"10.1002/jez.b.70034","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jez.b.70034","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The interplay between ambient temperature and thyroid signaling controls the morphogenesis of poikilotherms in the early stages of life. These two metabolic conditioning factors are crucial for the divergence of fish morphs undergoing adaptive diversification. Using <i>Salvelinus malma</i>, a model salmonid species with high phenotypic plasticity and a capacity for adaptive radiation, we conducted a series of experiments by rearing sympatric large predatory, mid-sized generalized and dwarf insectivorous morphs from both lacustrine and riverine environments. First, we compared the developmental rates and thyroid hormone profiles of these morphs reared under morph-specific and standard temperature regimes. Next, we reared the offspring of the generalized morph at temperatures imitating those at the spawning site of the morphs comprising the sympatric triplets. Finally, we reared the generalized morph under altered thyroid status at a standard temperature. Our findings revealed that morphs adapted to different developmental temperatures exhibit specific profiles of maternal thyroid hormone consumption, as well as discrepancies in the rate of life stage transition and cranial ossification. Changes in developmental temperature induce compensatory changes in the rate of thyroid hormone supply and heterochronic shifts in life stage transition and skull ossification. Lacustrine and riverine morphs demonstrate a similar developmental bias: fish with an elevated rate of thyroid consumption, developing in cold conditions follow a fast-developing predatory morphogenesis pathway, whereas those with a reduced maternal thyroid endowment and forced to develop in warm water become dwarfs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15682,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental zoology. Part B, Molecular and developmental evolution","volume":"346 6","pages":"447-463"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148404738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rethinking Plasticity in Sponges","authors":"Laura Oliveira,&nbsp;Emilio Lanna","doi":"10.1002/jez.b.70035","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jez.b.70035","url":null,"abstract":"<p>What lies behind the extraordinary phenotypic plasticity of sponges? We used this question to conduct a systematic review of how “phenotypic plasticity” is approached in the literature regarding the phylum Porifera. First, we gathered information on what the literature says about plasticity in sponges. Next, we analyzed its usage contexts, distinguishing between plasticity as a general feature versus a specific process linked to environmental triggers or genetic variation. Thus, we critique the overuse of synonymous terms that fail to capture the concept's complexity and advocate for greater precision to advance research. Finally, we advocate for precise and consistent terminology as an essential requirement for advancing research on sponge phenotypic plasticity. Phenotypic plasticity in sponges is a multifaceted phenomenon. We focused on the rationale behind the term's use and its underlying biological assumptions, proposing a categorization into three levels: (1) intraindividual/cellular plasticity, regarding modifications in a single organism's structures; (2) individual plasticity, involving whole-organism adaptation; and (3) population-level plasticity, where variability occurs among individuals of the same species. This framework distinguishes between changes within a single organism and broader variation patterns, highlighting scale-specific biological constraints. Recognizing sponges as highly plastic organisms was only the beginning. We advanced our comprehension by addressing key evolutionary questions and knowledge gaps that remain essential to guide future research on the molecular, ecological, and evolutionary implications of plasticity in this phylum.</p>","PeriodicalId":15682,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental zoology. Part B, Molecular and developmental evolution","volume":"346 6","pages":"431-446"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jez.b.70035","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148664106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond the Classics: The Synergy of AI and Genomics Reveals an Expanded Repertoire of Pigmentation Genes","authors":"Ehsan Pashay Ahi,&nbsp;Nidal Karagic","doi":"10.1002/jez.b.70032","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jez.b.70032","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Pigmentation has long served as a powerful system for exploring gene–trait relationships, yet much of the field has focused on a relatively narrow group of well-established genes involved in melanin production and pigment cell differentiation. Recent advances, however, have allowed pigmentation to be studied through a more comprehensive framework. By combining artificial intelligence (AI)-driven phenotyping with genomic mapping approaches such as genome-wide association studies, QTL mapping, and structural variant analysis, a broader range of pigmentation regulators has been identified across diverse animal taxa. This review highlights studies where AI methods, including deep learning, self-supervised modeling, and pattern recognition, have been used to quantify complex pigmentation traits in animals. These approaches have enabled the discovery of non-classical pigmentation genes involved in membrane trafficking, intracellular signaling, structural organization, and non-coding regulation. Rather than displacing the classical pigmentation paradigm, these findings extend it, revealing a wider set of genetic contributors to coloration and pattern diversity. We introduce the term <i>AI-pigmentomics</i> to describe the integration of AI-driven phenotyping with genomic mapping, as part of the broader emergence of AI-omics. Together, AI and genomic mapping are reshaping our understanding of pigmentation by uncovering unexpected biological mechanisms and providing a framework for investigating pigmentation in both model and non-model species.</p>","PeriodicalId":15682,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental zoology. Part B, Molecular and developmental evolution","volume":"346 6","pages":"475-486"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jez.b.70032","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148375866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}