Journal of experimental zoology. Part B, Molecular and developmental evolution最新文献

{"title":"Comparative embryogenesis in ungulate domesticated species","authors":"Xenia Schlindwein,&nbsp;Ingmar Werneburg","doi":"10.1002/jez.b.23172","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jez.b.23172","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We compared embryogenesis of five species of domesticated even-toed and one odd-toed ungulate and used a phylogenetic framework to contextualize such comparison. Organ systems that occur relatively earlier in embryogenesis generally have more time to develop and therefore are found to be more mature at birth when compared to structures that appear later in development. We hypothesized that the less mature the animals' organs are at birth, the more they are susceptible to artificial selection. The horse had the most mature organs at birth, followed by cattle, reindeer, sheep/goat, and pig. This pattern of maturity could be observed almost during the entire development. Heterochronic shifts among species were observed only after fur starts to develop. Changes in the fur coloration are one of the first observable signs of domestication and the heterochrony of this trait may be related to the effects on neural crest-derived pigment cells by artificial selection. The six ungulate species also differ in the relative duration of their weaning period and the potential extent of its artificial shortening. We put all these traits in the context of their inherited evolutionary characteristics and artificial domestication process. Related to their altriciality, carnivoran domesticates, which also belong to Scrotifera, are less mature at birth than all domesticated ungulates. Although we detected clear character correlations to life history traits, it is impossible based on the present data, to trace specific exaptations to the domestication process. We hypothesize a deep time developmental penetration of adult characters into embryogenesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":15682,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental zoology. Part B, Molecular and developmental evolution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jez.b.23172","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10395691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In the spotlight—Established researcher","authors":"Marcelo R. Sánchez-Villagra","doi":"10.1002/jez.b.23170","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jez.b.23170","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Website: www.msanchezlab.net</p><p>Google scholar page: https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=taTQzw0AAAAJ</p><p><b><i>With whom and where did you study?</i></b></p><p>My undergraduate study in Biology was at Universidad Simón Bolívar in Caracas. After a year of fieldwork and diverse laboratory experiences, I went for a PhD at Duke University, with a thesis on marsupial mammal cranial development and evolution. I had two coadvisors: Kathleen Smith (comparative ontogenetics) and Richard Kay (paleontological work). This was followed by my Habilitation under my mentor Wolfgang Maier in Tübingen (Germany), where I worked on diverse topics of mammalian ontogeny and learned to teach on the comparative anatomy of diverse Deuterostomia groups. During my job at the Natural History Museum in London, I learned about modularity from hosting Anjali Goswami as a postdoc; from many paleontologists there and in Zurich I was inspired to contribute to “developmental paleontology.”</p><p><b><i>What got you interested in biology? When did you know EvoDevo was for you?</i></b></p><p>I came to Biology with a fascination for exploring the natural world; evolution provided an explanation to my questions on origins. My first interest was in reconstructing evolutionary trees, and for that solving homology questions required the ontogenetic perspective.</p><p>Exposure to EvoDevo ideas came from readings at graduate school at Duke on the neural crest, heterochrony, evolutionary novelties, and others—there I learned that EvoDevo was not just about Hox genes, and I became inspired by Pere Alberch's papers. I started to use the sequence heterochrony approach following the work of Kathleen Smith, Mike Richardson, and others, as this allowed me to examine developmental evolution with a comparative approach that did not require perfectly timed series and thus could be more inclusive in taxonomic sampling. When I learned about palaeohistology from my then postdoc Torsten Scheyer in Zurich, I realized that one could directly address matters of growth and life history in fossils, in addition to an approach based on phylogenetic bracket considerations. For my work on animal domestication, I saw the chance to bring a comparative ontogenetic perspective, and here the insights gained on neural crest development by detailed experimental studies in the work of Rich Schneider and others inform much of what we discussed about patterns of morphological diversification.</p><p><i><b>What do you see as the major challenges of EvoDevo?</b></i></p><p>I hope that EvoDevo embraces genuinely comparative ontogenetic research as a part of it, and that technological advances continue to contribute with discoveries but do not determine what can be funded or published, as EvoDevo remains a question-driven discipline as opposed to one driven by methods. Macroevolutionary questions that can be addressed only from a developmental perspective should continue to be part of a broad and pluralistic EvoDe","PeriodicalId":15682,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental zoology. Part B, Molecular and developmental evolution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9796108/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10445242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In the Spotlight—Established Researcher","authors":"Andreas Wanninger","doi":"10.1002/jez.b.23169","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jez.b.23169","url":null,"abstract":"<p></p><p>Andreas Wanninger was the coordinator of the EU Research Training Network MOLMORPH that united 5 European universities with research groups using EvoDevo, paleontology, morphology, and phylogeny to tackle various questions revolving around animal evolution. He is the current President-elect of the International Society of Invertebrate Morphology (ISIM).</p><p>Andi was an Associate Editor of JEZ-B from 2012 until 2021.</p><p>Website: https://zoology.univie.ac.at/people/scientific-staff/andreas-wanninger/</p><p><b><i>With whom and where did you study?</i></b></p><p>I received my Diploma in Biology from the Ludwig-Maximilians-University in Munich, Bavaria. When the time had come to look for a thesis project and supervisor, a young and dynamic professor in Zoology had just been hired, Gerhard Haszprunar. As a top-notch morphologist, he had plans to expand his research into molluscan organogenesis and since I have always had a crush on tiny creatures, he offered me a project on gastropod myogenesis using fluorescene markers and confocal microscopy—very fancy stuff for a morphologist at that time. I fell in love with larval and developmental biology, particularly, as to how morphological structures form and change during ontogeny and so I decided to continue with a PhD in his lab looking comparatively into molluscan development.</p><p><b><i>What got you interested in Biology?</i></b></p><p>I grew up in a small village in the Bavarian Alps, close to the border with Austria, and thus was pretty much an outdoor kid. I loved (and still do) hiking in the mountains and being surrounded by nature. Thus, almost inevitably, I have always had an interest in everything living. However, I was never the nerdy kind of guy who would collect tons of insects or plants or would sit endless hours trying to determine those leggy creatures that were crawling and humming around in our backyard. I think I was just too lazy for that. I liked books, too, and that got me exposed to more exotic creatures that were not roaming our backyard such as dinosaurs or everything marine. I developed an interest in finding out something unknown early on; being the first one to see or discover something always had a great appeal to me, and so the wish to pursue a scientific career somehow developed almost naturally.</p><p><b><i>When did you know EvoDevo was for you?</i></b></p><p>Being into small creatures and morphology got me interested in tiny marine larvae, but when I seriously started to look into this during my thesis project I realized how fascinating it is to decipher how structures form and change in short time intervals during ontogeny. So, on a purely morphological level, we did EvoDevo already before the discipline got its name. With very little background in genetics, my focus was first restricted to comparative morphogenesis, but this changed during my Postdoc with Bernie Degnan from Brisbane, during which I got the first hands-on experience with molecular approaches","PeriodicalId":15682,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental zoology. Part B, Molecular and developmental evolution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/74/04/JEZ-338-329.PMC9543878.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40614442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Domestic cat embryos reveal unique transcriptomes of developing incisor, canine, and premolar teeth","authors":"Emily D. Woodruff,&nbsp;Bonnie K. Kircher,&nbsp;Brooke A. Armfield,&nbsp;Julie K. Levy,&nbsp;Jonathan I. Bloch,&nbsp;Martin J. Cohn","doi":"10.1002/jez.b.23168","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jez.b.23168","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Division of the dentition into morphologically distinct classes of teeth (incisors, canines, premolars, and molars) and the acquisition of tribosphenic molars facilitated precise occlusion between the teeth early in mammal evolution. Despite the evolutionary and ecological importance of distinct classes of teeth with unique cusp, crest, and basin morphologies, relatively little is known about the genetic basis for the development of different tooth classes within the embryo. Here we investigated genetic differences between developing deciduous incisor, canine, and premolar teeth in the domestic cat (<i>Felis catus</i>), which we propose to be a new model for tooth development. We examined differences in both developmental timing and crown morphology between the three tooth classes. Using RNA sequencing of early bell stage tooth germs, we showed that each of the three deciduous tooth classes possess a unique transcriptional profile. Three notable groups of genes emerged from our differential expression analysis; genes involved in the extracellular matrix (ECM), Wnt pathway signaling, and members of multiple homeobox gene families (<i>Lhx, Dlx, Alx</i>, and <i>Nkx</i>). Our results suggest that ECM genes may play a previously under-appreciated role in shaping the surface of the tooth crown during development. Differential regulation of these genes likely underlies differences in tooth crown shape and size, although subtle temporal differences in development between the tooth germs could also be responsible. This study provides foundational data for future experiments to examine the function of these candidate genes in tooth development to directly test their potential effects on crown morphology.</p>","PeriodicalId":15682,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental zoology. Part B, Molecular and developmental evolution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10394197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In the Spotlight—Established Researcher","authors":"Natalia Pabón Mora","doi":"10.1002/jez.b.23167","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jez.b.23167","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Natalia Pabón Mora is a Fulbright visiting scholar at the Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology of Harvard University. She was a Dresden Junior Fellow at the Technische Universität Dresden in 2019 and was the recipient of a 2018 James R. Jewett Prize in Plant Science (Arnold Arboretum at Harvard University) and of a 2015 Early Career Research Award from the Pan-American Society for Evolutionary Developmental Biology.</p><p>Website: https://www.evodevoplantas.com</p><p>Google scholar page: https://scholar.google.com/citations?%26user=P4P2XugAAAAJ</p><p><b><i>With whom and where did you study?</i></b></p><p>I studied Biology at the Universidad Nacional de Colombia in Bogotá, Colombia, under the supervision of Favio González. Then I moved to NYC where I completed my MPhil in Biology and my PhD in the joint program between the City University of New York (CUNY) and the New York Botanical Garden (NYBG). My main advisor was Amy Litt (now at UC Riverside) and I had an excellent accompanying committee as my mentors, including Barbara Ambrose (NYBG), Elena Kramer (Harvard University), and Dennis Stevenson (NYBG).</p><p><b><i>What got you interested in biology? When did you know evodevo was for you?</i></b></p><p>Growing up in Colombia, one of the biodiversity hotspots worldwide, and having had a childhood surrounded by nature, I was exposed very early on to horticulture and sustainable farming of tropical ornamental flowers and native crops. During my undergraduate studies, I became interested in plant diversity, ontogeny, and evolution, and was exposed to the quite novel intellectual underpinnings of evolution and development. In college, I took a variety of courses in plant systematics, fern taxonomy, plant genetics, and molecular genetics to explore these different, yet convergent disciplines available to study plants.</p><p>I became fully and genuinely convinced that plant EvoDevo was for me when I attended a Colombian Botanical Conference where Dr Amy Litt was speaking on floral genetics and the ABC model of floral development in the model species <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> (Thale cress), and on the potential of emerging methods to assess gene function in non-model plants. I realized then that EvoDevo was the perfect research program to combine my preferred passions, comparative floral morphology and development, and the genetic bases underlying phenotypic changes. After such a turning point, I have dedicated my entire professional career to study plant EvoDevo focusing on (mostly tropical) non-model taxa.</p><p><b><i>Which achievement are you most proud of?</i></b></p><p>I started the first plant EvoDevo lab in Colombia back in 2012 at the Universidad de Antioquia. My experience was unique as there were no similar labs in Latin America at that time. When I started my lab, I was responsible for securing funding to adapt the infrastructure, get the minimal equipment, and recruit undergraduate and graduate students interested in studyin","PeriodicalId":15682,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental zoology. Part B, Molecular and developmental evolution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jez.b.23167","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9290310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In the Spotlight—Established Researcher","authors":"Abderrahman Khila","doi":"10.1002/jez.b.23166","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jez.b.23166","url":null,"abstract":"<p></p><p>Abderrahman Khila is a recipient of ATIP-Avenir (CNRS) and ERC Consolidator (Europe), Fondation Recherche Médicale, Agence Nationale de la Recherche grants. He is an Academic Editor at <i>PLoS Biology</i>, and an Associate Editor at <i>Evolution Letters</i>, EvoDevo and former Associate Editor at <i>BMC Evolutionary Biology</i>. Khila is a guest professor at the department of Ecology and Genetics, Evolutionary Biology, Uppsala University, Sweden.</p><p>Website: https://igfl.ens-lyon.fr/equipes/a.-khila-developmental-genomics-and-evolution</p><p>Pubmed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Khila%2Ba</p><p>Google Scholar: https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=fUuLtAkAAAAJ</p><p><b><i>With whom and where did you study?</i></b></p><p>My career started with a Master's degree in Nutrition and Food Sciences in Morocco, although my main interest already back then was in genetics. I did a joint PhD in Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology between the University of Fez in Morocco and the University of Toulouse in France. I was advised from the Moroccan side by Dr. Saad Ibnsouda and the French side by Dr. Alain Vincent. I also had the great privilege to be mentored by Dr. François Payre. The aim of the PhD project was to reproduce the ovoD1 female sterile mutation in the olive fruit fly and establish a genetically controlled sterile insect technique for pest management.</p><p><b><i>What got you interested in biology? When did you know EvoDevo was for you?</i></b></p><p>Biology has always been a natural choice for me, primarily because I loved nature since my childhood, but also because I grew up with older siblings who were excited about biology. Having grown up during the 80s in a small town in the South East of Morocco called Ouarzazate, we enjoyed a degree of freedom from our parents that I cannot even think of allowing myself today. I spent most of my free time with friends along a seasonal river fishing, exploring, and often getting into trouble with local farmers. At school, I had a natural leaning toward the natural sciences, and I feel extremely lucky to have had teachers at various levels, who deeply reinforced my interest in Biology.</p><p>I discovered EvoDevo superficially during my PhD and then became part of the community during my first postdoctoral position at the Western University in Ontario, Canada. But my real excitement about EvoDevo started at McGill University, Canada, when I joined the lab of Ehab Abouheif to work on ant development and social evolution. This was truly an experience that allowed me to move from biotechnology-driven projects to fundamental discovery-driven thinking. This experience expanded when Ehab and I teamed up with Locke Rowe from the University of Toronto to include projects dealing with sexual conflict and water surface locomotion in water striders. This was something I enjoyed doing because it allowed me to connect the power of developmental genetics with important evolutionary concepts, suc","PeriodicalId":15682,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental zoology. Part B, Molecular and developmental evolution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jez.b.23166","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77130262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating old truths: Final adult size in holometabolous insects is set by the end of larval development","authors":"Lisa Hanna,&nbsp;Tom Lamouret,&nbsp;Gonçalo M. Poças,&nbsp;Christen K. Mirth,&nbsp;Armin P. Moczek,&nbsp;Frederik H. Nijhout,&nbsp;Ehab Abouheif","doi":"10.1002/jez.b.23165","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jez.b.23165","url":null,"abstract":"<p>For centuries, it has been understood that the final size of adult holometabolous insects is determined by the end of the larval stage, and that once they transform to adults, holometabolous insects do not grow. Despite this, no previous study has directly tested these “old truths” across holometabolous insects. Here, we demonstrate that final adult size is set at the end of the last larval stage in species representing each of the four orders of holometabolous insects: the fruit fly <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> (Diptera), the tobacco hornworm <i>Manduca sexta</i> (Lepidoptera), the dung beetle <i>Onthophagus taurus</i> (Coleoptera), and the Florida carpenter ant <i>Camponotus floridanus</i> (Hymenoptera). Furthermore, in both <i>D. melanogaster</i> and <i>C. floridanus</i>, we show that the size of adult individuals fluctuates but does not significantly change. Therefore, our study finally confirms these two basic assumptions in the biology of insects, which have for centuries served as the foundation for studies of insect growth, size, and allometry.</p>","PeriodicalId":15682,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental zoology. Part B, Molecular and developmental evolution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9984121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unusual lophophore innervation in ctenostome Flustrellidra hispida (Bryozoa)","authors":"Elena N. Temereva,&nbsp;Maria A. Isaeva,&nbsp;Igor A. Kosevich","doi":"10.1002/jez.b.23164","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jez.b.23164","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Since ctenostomes are traditionally regarded as an ancestral clade to some other bryozoan groups, the study of additional species may help to clarify questions on bryozoan evolution and phylogeny. One of these questions is the bryozoan lophophore evolution: whether it occurred through simplification or complication. The morphology and innervation of the ctenostome <i>Flustrellidra hispida</i> (Fabricius, 1780) lophophore have been studied with electron microscopy and immunocytochemistry with confocal laser scanning microscopy. Lophophore nervous system of <i>F. hispida</i> consists of several main nerve elements: cerebral ganglion, circumoral nerve ring, and the outer nerve ring. Serotonin-like immunoreactive perikarya, which connect with the circumoral nerve ring, bear the cilium that directs to the abfrontal side of the lophophore and extends between tentacle bases. The circumoral nerve ring gives rise to the intertentacular and frontal tentacle nerves. The outer nerve ring gives rise to the abfrontal neurites, which connect to the outer groups of perikarya and contribute to the formation of the abfrontal tentacle nerve. The outer nerve ring has been described before in other bryozoans, but it never contributes to the innervation of tentacles. The presence of the outer nerve ring participating in the innervation of tentacles makes the <i>F. hispida</i> lophophore nervous system particularly similar to the lophophore nervous system of phoronids. This similarity allows to suggest that organization of the <i>F. hispida</i> lophophore nervous system may reflect the ancestral state for all bryozoans. The possible scenario of evolutionary transformation of the lophophore nervous system within bryozoans is suggested.</p>","PeriodicalId":15682,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental zoology. Part B, Molecular and developmental evolution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9984120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional complexity in the chorioallantoic membrane of an oviparous snake: Specializations for calcium uptake from the eggshell","authors":"Tom W. Ecay,&nbsp;James. R. Stewart,&nbsp;Maleka Khambaty","doi":"10.1002/jez.b.23146","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jez.b.23146","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The chorioallantoic membrane of oviparous reptiles forms a vascular interface with the eggshell. The eggshell contains calcium, primarily as calcium carbonate. Extraction and mobilization of this calcium by the chorioallantoic membrane contributes importantly to embryonic nutrition. Development of the chorioallantoic membrane is primarily known from studies of squamates and birds. Although there are pronounced differences in eggshell structure, squamate and bird embryos each mobilize calcium from eggshells. Specialized cells in the chicken chorionic epithelium transport calcium from the eggshell aided by a second population of cells that secrete protons generated by the enzyme carbonic anhydrase. Calcium transporting cells also are present in the chorioallantoic membrane of corn snakes, although these cells function differently than those of chickens. We used histology and immunohistology to characterize the morphology and functional attributes of the chorioallantoic membrane of corn snakes. We identified two populations of cells in the outer layer of the chorionic epithelium. Calbindin-D_28K, a cellular marker for calcium transport expressed in squamate chorioallantoic membranes, is localized in large, flattened cells that predominate in the chorionic epithelium. Smaller cells, interspersed among the large cells, express carbonic anhydrase 2, an enzyme not previously localized in the chorionic epithelium of an oviparous squamate. These findings indicate that differentiation of chorionic epithelial cells contributes to extraction and transport of calcium from the eggshell. The presence of specializations of chorioallantoic membranes for calcium uptake from eggshells in chickens and corn snakes suggests that eggshell calcium was a source of embryonic nutrition early in the evolution of Sauropsida.</p>","PeriodicalId":15682,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental zoology. Part B, Molecular and developmental evolution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72509631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is there a loophole in Dollo's law? A DevoEvo perspective on irreversibility (of felid dentition)","authors":"Vincent J. Lynch","doi":"10.1002/jez.b.23163","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jez.b.23163","url":null,"abstract":"<p>There is a longstanding interest in whether the loss of complex characters is reversible (so-called “Dollo's law”). Reevolution has been suggested for numerous traits but among the first was Kurtén, who proposed that the presence of the second lower molar (M₂) of the <i>Eurasian lynx</i> (<i>Lynx lynx</i>) was a violation of Dollo's law because all other Felids lack M₂. While an early and often cited example for the reevolution of a complex trait, Kurtén and Werdelin used an <i>ad hoc</i> parsimony argument to support their. Here I revisit the evidence that M₂ reevolved lynx using explicit parsimony and maximum likelihood models of character evolution and find strong evidence that Kurtén and Werdelin were correct—M₂ reevolved in <i>E. lynx</i>. Next, I explore the developmental mechanisms which may explain this violation of Dollo's law and suggest that the reevolution of lost complex traits may arise from the reevolution of cis-regulatory elements and protein−protein interactions, which have a longer half-life after silencing that protein coding genes. Finally, I present a developmental model to explain the reevolution M₂ in <i>E. lynx</i>, which suggest that the developmental programs required for the establishment of serially homologous characters may never really be lost so long as a single instance of the character remains—thus the gain and loss and regain of serially homologous characters, such mammalian molars, may be developmentally and evolutionarily “simple.”</p>","PeriodicalId":15682,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental zoology. Part B, Molecular and developmental evolution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jez.b.23163","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91081150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}