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Design of a Relocatable Antenna Element Module for a Ku-Band Reconfigurable Array with Low Mutual Coupling 低互耦合ku波段可重构阵列天线单元模块设计
IF 2.3 3区 工程技术
Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science Pub Date : 2022-07-31 DOI: 10.26866/jees.2022.4.l.9
Seongjung Kim, Sangwook Nam
{"title":"Design of a Relocatable Antenna Element Module for a Ku-Band Reconfigurable Array with Low Mutual Coupling","authors":"Seongjung Kim, Sangwook Nam","doi":"10.26866/jees.2022.4.l.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26866/jees.2022.4.l.9","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, a modular array antenna with low mutual coupling is proposed for operation in a Ku-band (12–18 GHz) reconfigurable array, which consists of a ground frame board, element blocks, spacing blocks, and connecting rods. The modular element blocks can be freely mounted at any positions on a 46 × 9 grid on the ground frame board. The proposed modular array structure can be used to easily check the performance of different array structures by changing the element positions due to its low mutual coupling characteristics. An expanded view of the proposed array antenna structure is also provided, showcasing how the antenna modules, ground modules, base ground, ground frames, and aluminum rods have been constructed. The value of mutual coupling measured between the adjacent elements is less than -22.9 dB in the E-plane and -18.5 dB in the H-plane. Moreover, the measured radiation efficiency and gain patterns of the active element are shown.","PeriodicalId":15662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48187273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
A D-band Waveguide-SIW Transition for 6G Applications 用于6G应用的d波段波导- siw转换
IF 2.3 3区 工程技术
Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science Pub Date : 2022-07-13 DOI: 10.26866/jees.2022.4.r.104
Amir Altaf, M. Elahi, S. M. Abbas, J. Yousaf, E. Almajali
{"title":"A D-band Waveguide-SIW Transition for 6G Applications","authors":"Amir Altaf, M. Elahi, S. M. Abbas, J. Yousaf, E. Almajali","doi":"10.26866/jees.2022.4.r.104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26866/jees.2022.4.r.104","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, a design of a transition from a standard D-band waveguide to substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology is presented for 6G applications. The waveguide is connected to an SIW by carving a slot at the bottom metal of the printed circuit board (PCB). A pair of vias is added to shift the inband null to a higher frequency, whereas a parasitic patch is used to improve impedance matching. A prototype of a back-to-back SIW transition is fabricated and measured using D-band VNA extenders. Th e measurement shows a −10 dB impedance bandwidth of 26.5 GHz (135–161.5 GHz) and a 3 dB bandwidth of 28 GHz (133.8–161.8 GHz). The transition can be integrated with a D-band antenna for 6G applications. antennas, reconfigurable antennas, MIMO antennas, integrated antennas, D-band waveguide-PCB transitions, modeling of high-frequency bond wire interconnects, and active","PeriodicalId":15662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41476619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Enhancing Efficiency for Wideband Antennas by Controlling the Parasitic Resonance of the Feed Structure 通过控制馈电结构的寄生共振提高宽带天线的效率
IF 2.3 3区 工程技术
Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science Pub Date : 2022-07-13 DOI: 10.26866/jees.2022.4.r.101
Hyunwoong Shin, Hyeongdong Kim
{"title":"Enhancing Efficiency for Wideband Antennas by Controlling the Parasitic Resonance of the Feed Structure","authors":"Hyunwoong Shin, Hyeongdong Kim","doi":"10.26866/jees.2022.4.r.101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26866/jees.2022.4.r.101","url":null,"abstract":"Parallel resonance feed structures can be used to implement wideband impedance characteristics. However, at some frequencies, parasitic resonance is generated in the feed structure. Radiation efficiency nullification occurs at the frequency of the parasitic resonance. This frequency moves with the size of the feed structure. In this paper, two antennas with different parallel resonance feed structures are presented. By simply modifying the feed structure, the frequency of the parasitic resonance is shifted. The impedance bandwidth and the efficiencies of the two antennas confirm that antenna performance is significantly enhanced when a parasitic resonance is moved away from the antenna operating band. This research provides a simple and feasible method for the design of practical high-performance wideband antennas.","PeriodicalId":15662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45715127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Compact Dual Bandpass Filter Using Dual-Split Ring Resonator for 5G Upper Microwave Flexible Use Services 采用双分裂环谐振器的紧凑型双带通滤波器，用于5G上层微波灵活使用服务
IF 2.3 3区 工程技术
Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science Pub Date : 2022-07-13 DOI: 10.26866/jees.2022.4.r.106
A. Sowjanya, D. Vakula
{"title":"Compact Dual Bandpass Filter Using Dual-Split Ring Resonator for 5G Upper Microwave Flexible Use Services","authors":"A. Sowjanya, D. Vakula","doi":"10.26866/jees.2022.4.r.106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26866/jees.2022.4.r.106","url":null,"abstract":"A novel, compact dual bandpass filter design is proposed for 5G upper microwave flexible use services. To realize the proposed design, a dual split-ring resonator structure coupled to the microstrip transmission line is used. The output responses have been validated using vector network analyzer N5222A. The measured filter records a frequency range of 23.8 GHz–25.98 GHz for the first passband and 28.05 GHz–28.7 GHz for the second band, with fractional bandwidths of 8.8% and 2.2%, respectively. The minimum insertion loss is observed to be 4.2 dB using microstrip technology, even at higher frequencies. The proposed design occupies the area of 0.4 λ g × 0.27 λ g, where λ g is guided wavelength at the lower band central frequency. Simulated and measured results are approximately compatible with each other. The proposed design is useful for fixed satellite service earth stations, terrestrial wireless operations, and 5G mobile communications applications.","PeriodicalId":15662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47458612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
SAR ADC for a Multimode Radar Transceiver with Offset Calibration 带偏移校准的多模雷达收发机SAR ADC
IF 2.3 3区 工程技术
Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science Pub Date : 2022-07-13 DOI: 10.26866/jees.2022.4.r.105
J. Lee, Hyun-Yeop Lee, C. Cho, Young-jin Kim
{"title":"SAR ADC for a Multimode Radar Transceiver with Offset Calibration","authors":"J. Lee, Hyun-Yeop Lee, C. Cho, Young-jin Kim","doi":"10.26866/jees.2022.4.r.105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26866/jees.2022.4.r.105","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we design a successive approximation register (SAR) analog-to-digital converter (ADC) suitable for multimode radar trans-ceivers. For multimode radars, the sampling rate required by ADC varies according to the continuous wave (CW) or frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) used for operation. Therefore, depending on which waveform is used, the input is designed to enter two paths. For path 1, we obtained 9.23 bits of effective number of bits (ENOB), 57.35 dB of signal-to-noise distortion ratio (SNDR), and 64.62 dB of spurious free dynamic range (SFDR), and the power consumption was 0.3481 mW, resulting in a figure of merit (FOM) of 28.9 fJ/Conv-Step. On path 2, we obtained an 8.97 bit of ENOB, 55.76 dB of SNDR, and 60.53 dB of SFDR, and the power consumption was 1.72 μW, resulting in a FOM of 34.2 fJ/Conv-Step. Further, a circuit was constructed to reduce the offset of the comparator. As a result of 100 Monte Carlo simulations, the offset was reduced from -46 mV/+50 mV to -4 mV/+4 mV when the worst case was considered.","PeriodicalId":15662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43997298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
A Deep Learning-Based Compact Weighted Binary Classification Technique to Discriminate between Targets and Clutter in SAR Images 基于深度学习的压缩加权二值分类技术在SAR图像中识别目标和杂波
IF 2.3 3区 工程技术
Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science Pub Date : 2022-07-13 DOI: 10.26866/jees.2022.4.r.103
Seungbeom Seo, Yeoreum Choi, H. Lim, Ji Hoon Park
{"title":"A Deep Learning-Based Compact Weighted Binary Classification Technique to Discriminate between Targets and Clutter in SAR Images","authors":"Seungbeom Seo, Yeoreum Choi, H. Lim, Ji Hoon Park","doi":"10.26866/jees.2022.4.r.103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26866/jees.2022.4.r.103","url":null,"abstract":"The proposed approach is a deep learning-based compact weighted binary classification (DL-CWBC) method to discriminate between targets and clutter in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images. A new modified cross-entropy error function is proposed to improve the probability of detection by controlling the rate of false alarms (FAs). The unique feature of a CWBC algorithm is reducing the FA rate and maximizing the probability of target detection without missing any target. For pre-processing, targets and clutter are detected through a constant false alarm rate (CFAR) as a conventional detection algorithm. These are then manually divided into two classes. The classified targets and clutter were trained through a ResNet-101 network. There is a trade-off between the minimization of the FA rate and the maximization of the detection probability for targets of interest (TOIs). The weighted coefficient of the modified cross-entropy error function tries to maximize the performance of this trade-off. In addition, the proposed approach enables us not to miss any targets by an extreme distinction decision. Above all, the DL-CWBC algorithm performs very well despite its simplicity.","PeriodicalId":15662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49559191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Time Domain Signal Simulation of Weather Clutter for an Airborne Radar Based on Measured Data 基于实测数据的机载雷达天气杂波时域信号仿真
IF 2.3 3区 工程技术
Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science Pub Date : 2022-07-13 DOI: 10.26866/jees.2022.4.r.102
Jihyo Choi, I. Koh, Ji-hyun Jung
{"title":"Time Domain Signal Simulation of Weather Clutter for an Airborne Radar Based on Measured Data","authors":"Jihyo Choi, I. Koh, Ji-hyun Jung","doi":"10.26866/jees.2022.4.r.102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26866/jees.2022.4.r.102","url":null,"abstract":"An airborne radar simulator for an X-band radar echo signal was implemented and numerically verified. The simulator can consider weather conditions over a large area and can use measured S-band data as input. A scheme is presented for the conversion of the S-band data to the X-band one. The amplitude and time delay due to weather particles can be theoretically calculated on the basis of reflectivity. The dynamics of the platform and clutter particles were modeled using the Doppler frequency shift in the echo signal. As the simulated weather area was very large, an efficient approximation method was designed for use in calculating the attenuation and time delay, which was also numerically verified. Finally, a scheme for extracting the reflectivity from the echo signal was formulated and was verified by comparing it with the input data.","PeriodicalId":15662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48675859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Improving Signal Integrity by Reducing Mode Conversion in Differential Pairs on a Meshed Ground in Flexible Printed Circuit Boards 通过减少柔性印刷电路板中网格接地上差分对的模式转换来提高信号完整性
IF 2.3 3区 工程技术
Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science Pub Date : 2022-05-31 DOI: 10.26866/jees.2022.3.r.81
Seulgi Yu, D. Kam
{"title":"Improving Signal Integrity by Reducing Mode Conversion in Differential Pairs on a Meshed Ground in Flexible Printed Circuit Boards","authors":"Seulgi Yu, D. Kam","doi":"10.26866/jees.2022.3.r.81","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26866/jees.2022.3.r.81","url":null,"abstract":"Asymmetry in a differential pair leads to deterioration of signal integrity. Differential pairs on a meshed ground often encounter asymmetry in return current paths. In this paper, we propose an offset mesh as an improved mesh structure that offsets asymmetry between a solid region and an aperture region. The offset mesh mitigates the asymmetry in the conventional mesh structure without additional design elements. The proposed structure has been verified to be effective in reducing mode conversion, intra-pair and inter-pair skews, and characteristic impedance variation in the time and frequency domains. This enables high-density routing of differential pairs.","PeriodicalId":15662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49532649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Full Metal-Rimmed Antenna Using Capacitive Feed and Ground for LTE Mobile Handsets 一种用于LTE手机的电容式馈地全金属边天线
IF 2.3 3区 工程技术
Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science Pub Date : 2022-05-31 DOI: 10.26866/jees.2022.3.l.6
Jae‐Gon Lee
{"title":"A Full Metal-Rimmed Antenna Using Capacitive Feed and Ground for LTE Mobile Handsets","authors":"Jae‐Gon Lee","doi":"10.26866/jees.2022.3.l.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26866/jees.2022.3.l.6","url":null,"abstract":"In this letter, a full metal-rimmed antenna using a capacitive feed and ground is proposed and designed for LTE mobile handsets. The full metal rimmed antenna can be structurally represented by a loop antenna formed along the metal rim and PCB ground. The capacitive feed decreases the large reactance seen at the half wavelength mode for the loop antenna, which leads to excitation of the half wavelength mode for the loop antenna and reduces the length of the proposed antenna. In addition, a gap-coupled ground is employed to obtain additional resonance in the high band. To verify its feasibility and performance, we simulated and measured the characteristics of the proposed antenna, such as the reflection coefficient, total efficiency, and far-field radiation patterns. The overall dimension of the metal rimmed antenna is 75 mm × 10 mm (length × width), and the total efficiencies are measured more than 60% in the quad-band.","PeriodicalId":15662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46136257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Wideband Mobile Antenna Design Using a Resonant Feeding Structure 基于谐振馈电结构的宽带移动天线设计
IF 2.3 3区 工程技术
Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science Pub Date : 2022-05-31 DOI: 10.26866/jees.2022.3.r.84
Hyunwoong Shin, Hyeongdong Kim
{"title":"Wideband Mobile Antenna Design Using a Resonant Feeding Structure","authors":"Hyunwoong Shin, Hyeongdong Kim","doi":"10.26866/jees.2022.3.r.84","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26866/jees.2022.3.r.84","url":null,"abstract":"Parallel loop feed structures can be used to implement wideband impedance. However, when a parallel loop feed structure is employed, parasitic resonance occurs in certain feed structures, resulting in the degradation of radiation efficiency. This is caused by the inductance and capacitance of the shunt line that is added to achieve the wideband impedance. We compared two antennas, one with a high impedance level and another with a low impedance level, by adjusting the ratio of the inductance to the capacitance of the parasitic resonance. When the parasitic resonance has a high impedance level, there is an improvement in the impedance bandwidth as well as the radiation efficiency of the antenna.","PeriodicalId":15662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46476001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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