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Pattern Similarity and Gain Enhancement of Dual-Band Antenna Using an ENZ Metamaterial 利用 ENZ 超材料增强双频天线的模式相似性和增益
IF 2.3 3区 工程技术
Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science Pub Date : 2023-11-30 DOI: 10.26866/jees.2023.6.r.191
S. Nandigama, Bharath Kunooru, Dasari Ramakrishna, Vijay M. Pandharipande
{"title":"Pattern Similarity and Gain Enhancement of Dual-Band Antenna Using an ENZ Metamaterial","authors":"S. Nandigama, Bharath Kunooru, Dasari Ramakrishna, Vijay M. Pandharipande","doi":"10.26866/jees.2023.6.r.191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26866/jees.2023.6.r.191","url":null,"abstract":"A dual-band antenna with pattern similarity using the energy-squeezing mechanism of an epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) metamaterial is designed, and experimental results are presented with simulated data. To achieve high gain and pattern similarity, a waveguide-based ENZ metamaterial property is adopted in a planar microstrip form at the upper band. The designed dual-band antenna is resonating at 4.3 GHz and 9.8 GHz frequencies with the desired radiation pattern. A metamaterial unit cell with ENZ characteristics at 9.8 GHz is designed to improve the antenna’s performance. The permittivity and permeability of the unit cell are characterized using the Nicolson–Ross–Weir method. By adding a square ring structure, the antenna geometry exhibits ENZ characteristics. Using the ENZ material’s energy-squeezing mechanism, a 12-dB gain improvement is achieved in the upper band without affecting the lower band radiation characteristics without increasing the complexity. It can be used in C- and X-band applications, such as mobile, military, defense, and radar communication. The dual-band antenna with ENZ material is fabricated, and the measured results show a good match with the simulated results. The proposed antenna size at 4.3 GHz is 0.58λ × 0.58λ × 0.02λ.","PeriodicalId":15662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science","volume":"119 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139207476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Separation Method for Electromagnetic Radiation Sources of the Same Frequency 相同频率电磁辐射源的分离方法
IF 2.3 3区 工程技术
Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science Pub Date : 2023-11-30 DOI: 10.26866/jees.2023.6.r.197
Yingchun Xiao, Yang Yang, Feng Zhu
{"title":"A Separation Method for Electromagnetic Radiation Sources of the Same Frequency","authors":"Yingchun Xiao, Yang Yang, Feng Zhu","doi":"10.26866/jees.2023.6.r.197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26866/jees.2023.6.r.197","url":null,"abstract":"To separate electromagnetic interference sources with an unknown source number, a new separation method is proposed, which includes five key steps: spatial spectrum estimation, source number and direction-of-arrival estimation, mixed matrix estimation, separation matrix estimation, and source signal recovery. A pseudospatial spectrum estimation network based on a convolutional neural network is proposed to estimate the number of electromagnetic radiation sources, their direction of arrival, and the mixing matrix. A new loss function is designed as an optimization criterion for estimating the separation matrix. To ensure generalization, both simulated and measured datasets are used to train the proposed network. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed separation method outperforms existing source separation techniques in terms of correlation coefficient, root mean square error, and running time. Importantly, it exhibits strong performance in underdetermined cases, as well as in overdetermined or determined cases.","PeriodicalId":15662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science","volume":"65 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139199336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Time-Domain Measurement Data Accumulation for Slow Moving Point Target Detection in Heavily Cluttered Environments Using CNN 利用时域测量数据积累，使用 CNN 在杂乱环境中检测缓慢移动的点目标
IF 2.3 3区 工程技术
Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science Pub Date : 2023-11-30 DOI: 10.26866/jees.2023.6.r.194
Wonmin Cho, N. Kwak
{"title":"Time-Domain Measurement Data Accumulation for Slow Moving Point Target Detection in Heavily Cluttered Environments Using CNN","authors":"Wonmin Cho, N. Kwak","doi":"10.26866/jees.2023.6.r.194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26866/jees.2023.6.r.194","url":null,"abstract":"In modern radars, the target detection probability is increased by lowering the detection threshold via signal processing to detect a point target with a small radar cross-section value. However, a lower threshold increases the number of false targets. In the conventional tracking method, which uses a general tracking filter, the measurement data between scans should be compared. Therefore, for a large amount of acquired measurement data, the computational complexity can be reduced by accumulating the acquired measurement data over time, recognizing the target movement as a pattern, and training a convolutional neural network (CNN) model. Here, we propose a method to create a desired target scenario by transfer learning and estimate the target position using the activation map of a binary detector CNN model. The model can detect a target using the actual acquired radar data, and the processing time remains constant, regardless of the number of false alarms.","PeriodicalId":15662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139202194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
High-Q Transformer Neutralization Technique for W-Band Dual-Band LNA Using 0.1 μm GaAs pHEMT Technology 利用 0.1 μm GaAs pHEMT 技术实现 W 波段双频低噪声放大器的高 Q 变压器中和技术
IF 2.3 3区 工程技术
Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science Pub Date : 2023-11-30 DOI: 10.26866/jees.2023.6.r.193
Taejoo Sim, Dong-min Lee, Wansik Kim, Ki-Choul Kim, Jeung Won Choi, Min-Su Kim, Junghyun Kim
{"title":"High-Q Transformer Neutralization Technique for W-Band Dual-Band LNA Using 0.1 μm GaAs pHEMT Technology","authors":"Taejoo Sim, Dong-min Lee, Wansik Kim, Ki-Choul Kim, Jeung Won Choi, Min-Su Kim, Junghyun Kim","doi":"10.26866/jees.2023.6.r.193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26866/jees.2023.6.r.193","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, a dual-band low-noise amplifier (LNA) was implemented by applying a transformer-based neutralization technology to the W-band. Incorporating the neutralization technique was difficult owing to performance degradation in the W-band. However, circuit performance was enhanced thanks to the layout optimization of transformer-based neutralization networks, and the improved operation was confirmed in the W-band. The neutralization technique was implemented in four stages with a 0.1-μm gallium arsenide (GaAs) pseudomorphic high-electron-mobility-transistor monolithic microwave integrated circuit LNA. The LNA showed small signal gains of 20.3 dB and 21.7 dB and noise figures of 5.0 dB and 6.4 dB (at 84 GHz and 96 GHz, respectively) while consuming 46 mW from a 1-V supply.","PeriodicalId":15662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science","volume":"173 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139202786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Wideband Differentially Fed Circularly Polarized Slotted Patch Antenna with a Large Beamwidth 具有大波束宽度的宽带差分馈电圆极化开槽贴片天线
IF 2.3 3区 工程技术
Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science Pub Date : 2023-11-30 DOI: 10.26866/jees.2023.6.r.196
Wen Li, Wei Xue, Yingsong Li, Kwok L. Chung, Zhixiang Huang
{"title":"A Wideband Differentially Fed Circularly Polarized Slotted Patch Antenna with a Large Beamwidth","authors":"Wen Li, Wei Xue, Yingsong Li, Kwok L. Chung, Zhixiang Huang","doi":"10.26866/jees.2023.6.r.196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26866/jees.2023.6.r.196","url":null,"abstract":"A wideband differentially fed circularly polarized (CP) antenna featuring a slotted patch design with a large beamwidth is presented. The final design of the differentially fed CP antenna, aimed at achieving high gain and a wide axial ratio (AR) bandwidth, involves coupling a differential bending dipole antenna to the slotted patch in the same plane. The presented differentially fed CP antenna demonstrates characteristics of a large AR beamwidth, as verified by simulation and experiment. The measured AR beamwidths of 132.3° in the xoz plane (phi = 0°) and 116.2° in the yoz plane (phi = 90°) are realized at 5.5 GHz. The measured result exhibits broadband performance with a -10-dB impedance bandwidth of 78.8% (3.81–8.76 GHz), a 3-dB AR bandwidth of 36.7% (4.78–6.93 GHz), and a maximum gain of 10.2 dBic.","PeriodicalId":15662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science","volume":"566 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139202982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Design and Verification of a Miniaturized Multifunctional Transmitarray Unit Cell for the S-Band 设计和验证用于 S 波段的小型化多功能传输阵列单元格
IF 2.3 3区 工程技术
Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science Pub Date : 2023-11-30 DOI: 10.26866/jees.2023.6.r.195
Gyoungdeuk Kim, Myeongha Hwang, Ingon Lee, Sangkil Kim
{"title":"Design and Verification of a Miniaturized Multifunctional Transmitarray Unit Cell for the S-Band","authors":"Gyoungdeuk Kim, Myeongha Hwang, Ingon Lee, Sangkil Kim","doi":"10.26866/jees.2023.6.r.195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26866/jees.2023.6.r.195","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a miniaturized multifunctional unit cell structure of a transmitarray operating at S-band and its verification method using a waveguide structure is presented. The unit cell of a multifunctional transmitarray antenna is a critical component because it controls the phase and polarization of an incident wave. The proposed unit cell consists of three main parts: an Rx antenna, a Tx antenna, and a control circuit for phase and polarization. The performance of the designed unit cell is verified by a rectangular waveguide structure. The waveguide structure feeds an electromagnetic wave propagating in a TE10 mode to a 1 × 2 unit cell array to verify polarization and phase shifting capability of the unit cell. The phase shifting and polarization conversion capabilities of the proposed unit cell are directly measured by the radiation patterns and polarization of the transmitted wave.","PeriodicalId":15662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science","volume":"545 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139203410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Efficient FDTD Simulation for the EM Analysis of Faraday Rotation in the Ionosphere 用于电离层法拉第旋转电磁分析的高效 FDTD 仿真
IF 2.3 3区 工程技术
Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science Pub Date : 2023-11-30 DOI: 10.26866/jees.2023.6.l.19
Jeahoon Cho, Jiwoong Park, Hyoungseuk Jin, Junhyeong Bae, Kyung-Young Jung
{"title":"Efficient FDTD Simulation for the EM Analysis of Faraday Rotation in the Ionosphere","authors":"Jeahoon Cho, Jiwoong Park, Hyoungseuk Jin, Junhyeong Bae, Kyung-Young Jung","doi":"10.26866/jees.2023.6.l.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26866/jees.2023.6.l.19","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, we propose an efficient finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulation technique for the electromagnetic (EM) wave analysis of the Faraday rotation angle in the ionosphere. For this purpose, we first model the physical ionosphere as a scaled-down FDTD computational domain by a space-compression factor. Next, the Faraday rotation angle calculated from the FDTD simulation is calibrated by multiplying the space-compression factor. Numerical examples demonstrate that this novel space-compression-and-calibration technique can lead to a computationally efficient FDTD simulation for the EM analysis of the Faraday rotation angle without accuracy degradation.","PeriodicalId":15662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science","volume":" 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139197599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Experimental Results of Magnetic Communication Using the Giant Magnetoimpedance Receiver in Underwater Environments 在水下环境中使用巨型磁阻接收器进行磁通信的实验结果
IF 2.3 3区 工程技术
Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science Pub Date : 2023-11-30 DOI: 10.26866/jees.2023.6.l.20
Jang-Yeol Kim, Hyun Joon Lee, J. Oh, Jae-Ho Lee, In-Kui Cho
{"title":"Experimental Results of Magnetic Communication Using the Giant Magnetoimpedance Receiver in Underwater Environments","authors":"Jang-Yeol Kim, Hyun Joon Lee, J. Oh, Jae-Ho Lee, In-Kui Cho","doi":"10.26866/jees.2023.6.l.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26866/jees.2023.6.l.20","url":null,"abstract":"This letter presents the topology of a novel approach to magnetic communication using a giant magnetoimpedance (GMI)-based receiver with a GMI sensor in underwater media such as freshwater. In addition, practical channel test results for the magnetic communication link of a GMI receiver in freshwater are first presented. For this test, a magnetic communication system using a GMI-based receiver, including triangularly arranged transmission coil antennas, was proposed. Wireless digital communication using quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK), which is less sensitive to noise and has a high data rate, was used to evaluate the proposed GMI receiver. Several performance metrics, such as constellation, data rate, and error vector magnitude, were measured at 20 kHz. The test results were meaningful, indicating that the proposed magnetic communication system using a GMI-based receiver can be a promising solution for wireless communication in extreme environments, such as underwater media.","PeriodicalId":15662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139198093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Packaging of an Amplifier Module for Sub-THz Wireless Transmission Based on Photonics 基于光子技术的亚千赫无线传输放大器模块封装
IF 2.3 3区 工程技术
Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science Pub Date : 2023-11-30 DOI: 10.26866/jees.2023.6.r.192
Sooyeon Kim, Chan-Gyu Choi, Sang-Rok Moon, Minkyu Sung, Eon-sang Kim, Ho-Jin Song, Hyunhak Jeong, Seung Hwan Kim, Seung-Hyun Cho
{"title":"Packaging of an Amplifier Module for Sub-THz Wireless Transmission Based on Photonics","authors":"Sooyeon Kim, Chan-Gyu Choi, Sang-Rok Moon, Minkyu Sung, Eon-sang Kim, Ho-Jin Song, Hyunhak Jeong, Seung Hwan Kim, Seung-Hyun Cho","doi":"10.26866/jees.2023.6.r.192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26866/jees.2023.6.r.192","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we have developed an amplifier waveguide module suitable for broadband communication in the sub-THz band. To achieve a waveguide module with excellent gain flatness characteristics, the effects of errors during the packaging procedures of the waveguide module and the space occupied by the bondwire were analyzed through an electromagnetic simulation. Furthermore, a photonics-based sub-THz wireless link with a carrier frequency of 288 GHz was established using a packaged amplifier module. The amplifier module was placed at the output of the sub-THz transmitter based on a uni-traveling-carrier photodiode and at the input of the sub-THz receiver. The maximum gain and 3 dB bandwidth of the amplifier module are 17.3 dB and 39 GHz, respectively. With this setup, we successfully transmitted a 100-Gbps 16-QAM modulated signal, employing a carrier frequency of 288 GHz, across a wireless distance of 100 m.","PeriodicalId":15662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science","volume":"29 40","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139205683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Investigation of Pulse Characteristics of a Novel Cylindrically Slotted Cloaked Antenna 新型圆柱形开槽隐蔽天线的脉冲特性研究
IF 2.3 3区 工程技术
Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science Pub Date : 2023-11-30 DOI: 10.26866/jees.2023.6.l.21
Doojin Lee
{"title":"Investigation of Pulse Characteristics of a Novel Cylindrically Slotted Cloaked Antenna","authors":"Doojin Lee","doi":"10.26866/jees.2023.6.l.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26866/jees.2023.6.l.21","url":null,"abstract":"This study numerically examines the pulse radiating capacities of a novel cylindrically slotted cloaked antenna. The performance of the cloaks for the proposed structure is investigated using the scattering cancellation principle. Furthermore, the pulse radiating performance of the proposed antenna is extensively evaluated by employing a figure of merit. The results show that the proposed antenna exhibits a maximum pulse radiating capacity at 67.5° for the theta-polarized angle, while its pulse radiating performance is independent on the phi-polarized angles.","PeriodicalId":15662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139199589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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