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GPR Image Recovery Effect on Faster R-CNN-Based Buried Target Detection GPR图像恢复对基于R-CNN-的地下目标快速检测的影响
IF 2.3 3区 工程技术
Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science Pub Date : 2022-09-30 DOI: 10.26866/jees.2022.5.r.127
D. Kumlu
{"title":"GPR Image Recovery Effect on Faster R-CNN-Based Buried Target Detection","authors":"D. Kumlu","doi":"10.26866/jees.2022.5.r.127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26866/jees.2022.5.r.127","url":null,"abstract":"Measurements acquired through ground-penetrating radar (GPR) may contain missing information that needs to be recovered before the implementation of any post-processing method, such as target detection, since buried target detection methods fail and cannot produce desired results if the input GPR image contains missing information. This study proves that the recovery of missing information in a GPR image has a direct influence on the performance of subsequent target detection methods. Thus, state-of-the-art matrix completion methods are applied to the GPR image with missing information in both pixel- and column-wise cases with different missing rates, such as 30% and 50%. After the GPR image is successfully recovered, the faster region-based convolutional neural network (Faster R-CNN) target detection method is applied. The performance correlation between matrix completion accuracy and the target detection method’s confidence score is analyzed using both quantitative and visual results. The obtained results demonstrate the importance of GPR image recovery prior to any post-processing implementation, such as target detection.","PeriodicalId":15662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44280419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
A Wideband Doherty Combiner with Phase Variation Compensation Using LTCC Applicable for High Power Transmission 适用于大功率传输的LTCC相位变化补偿宽带Doherty组合器
IF 2.3 3区 工程技术
Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science Pub Date : 2022-09-30 DOI: 10.26866/jees.2022.5.r.121
Youna Jang, K. Jeong, Jiwon Kim, D. Lee, D. Ahn
{"title":"A Wideband Doherty Combiner with Phase Variation Compensation Using LTCC Applicable for High Power Transmission","authors":"Youna Jang, K. Jeong, Jiwon Kim, D. Lee, D. Ahn","doi":"10.26866/jees.2022.5.r.121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26866/jees.2022.5.r.121","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we propose a small-sized Doherty combiner with phase variation compensation using low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) substrate. The proposed design theory for the Doherty combiner is derived using the phase calculation of the S-parameter based on the relation between the input and output ports. The proposed circuit is designed after determining the band edge frequency and the targeted degree of the phase balance. The proposed circuit is verified using the microstrip line and the LTCC substrate. The implemented structure, using LTCC as the substrate, is operated under a high-power test of continuous wave 50 W, the results of which also show that the amplitude and phase balance have variations within 0.2 dB and ±1°, respectively. The high-power test shows that the implemented structure is applicable for high power Doherty amplifiers or combiners.","PeriodicalId":15662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45176347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
A Compact Dual-Band MIMO Antenna for Sub-6 GHz 5G Terminals 适用于6 GHz以下5G终端的紧凑型双频MIMO天线
IF 2.3 3区 工程技术
Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science Pub Date : 2022-09-30 DOI: 10.26866/jees.2022.5.r.128
Guiting Dong, Jianlin Huang, Simin Lin, Zhizhou Chen, Gui Liu
{"title":"A Compact Dual-Band MIMO Antenna for Sub-6 GHz 5G Terminals","authors":"Guiting Dong, Jianlin Huang, Simin Lin, Zhizhou Chen, Gui Liu","doi":"10.26866/jees.2022.5.r.128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26866/jees.2022.5.r.128","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a dual-band multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna is proposed for fifth-generation (5G) wireless communication terminals. The measured -10 dB impedance bandwidths of 380 MHz (3.34–3.72 GHz) and 560 MHz (4.57–5.13 GHz) can cover the 3.4–3.6 GHz and 4.8–5 GHz 5G bands. The single antenna element of this proposed MIMO is composed of an F-shaped feed strip and an inverted L-shaped radiation strip. A defected ground structure is employed to obtain a good isolation performance, whereby the measured isolation between the antenna elements is observed to be larger than 23 dB. The measured total radiation efficiencies at 3.5 GHz and 4.9 GHz are 76.65% and 71.93%, respectively. Besides, the calculated envelope correlation coefficients (ECC) are less than 0.00125 and 0.01164 at the low-frequency and high-frequency bands, respectively. Furthermore, the specific absorption ratio (SAR) analysis of the antenna verifies that it qualifies for 5G terminals.","PeriodicalId":15662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49593976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Spatial Delay Line Canceler-Based Sidelobe Blanking for Low Radar-Cross-Section Target 基于空间延迟线对消器的低雷达截面目标旁瓣消隐
IF 2.3 3区 工程技术
Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science Pub Date : 2022-09-30 DOI: 10.26866/jees.2022.5.r.126
Younhui Jang, Donghyeon Cho
{"title":"Spatial Delay Line Canceler-Based Sidelobe Blanking for Low Radar-Cross-Section Target","authors":"Younhui Jang, Donghyeon Cho","doi":"10.26866/jees.2022.5.r.126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26866/jees.2022.5.r.126","url":null,"abstract":"This study proposes a sidelobe blanking (SLB) system with a spatial delay line canceler (DLC) and non-coherent integrator in a uniform linear array. After the equations for the target and noise power in the SLB system were established, SLB-ratio functions for the proposed and conventional SLB channels were developed. Using these ratio functions, the optimal SLB thresholds for the general detectable target and low radar-cross-section (RCS) target were estimated. The results of the SLB thresholds were confirmed by the Monte Carlo simulation, which indicated that the proposed SLB channel provides reliable performance without false SLB decisions in the sidelobe region. Using the estimated optimal threshold, the proposed SLB channel provides reliable performance, particularly for low-RCS targets. In contrast, the conventional SLB channel produces numerous false SLB decisions in the sidelobe region. The proposed synthesis is a simple but powerful method for obtaining the reliable SLB ratio. The SLB channel in various array antenna systems can be developed based on this method.","PeriodicalId":15662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43869386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Neural Network-Based Microwave Imaging Method for Object Localization 一种基于神经网络的微波成像目标定位方法
IF 2.3 3区 工程技术
Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science Pub Date : 2022-09-30 DOI: 10.26866/jees.2022.5.r.125
Wonhyung Son, W. Park, Seong‐Ho Son
{"title":"A Neural Network-Based Microwave Imaging Method for Object Localization","authors":"Wonhyung Son, W. Park, Seong‐Ho Son","doi":"10.26866/jees.2022.5.r.125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26866/jees.2022.5.r.125","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a new microwave imaging method using artificial neural networks to localize an object. The trained neural network reconstructs a tomographic image from the measured scattering data, such as a nonlinear electromagnetic inverse scattering solver. The appropriate number of hidden neurons is determined through the cross-entropy between network predictions and target values. To verify this method experimentally, we set up a testbed consisting of 16 antennas that transmit and receive 950 MHz microwaves underwater and used a metal rod with a diameter of 2 mm as a localizing target. The results show excellent imaging performance with fewer artifacts and less than a 2-mm localization error.","PeriodicalId":15662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45337395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Classification of Transmission Modes through a Narrow Slot in a Thick Conducting Screen 厚导电屏窄槽传输模式的分类
IF 2.3 3区 工程技术
Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science Pub Date : 2022-07-31 DOI: 10.26866/jees.2022.4.r.117
K. Kim, Gyeong-Sik Park, G. Min, Young-Ki Cho
{"title":"Classification of Transmission Modes through a Narrow Slot in a Thick Conducting Screen","authors":"K. Kim, Gyeong-Sik Park, G. Min, Young-Ki Cho","doi":"10.26866/jees.2022.4.r.117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26866/jees.2022.4.r.117","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines electromagnetic energy transmission through a narrow slot in a thick conducting plate when a plane wave is incident to the slot. The slot in the thick plate creates a waveguide structure. From the perspective of cutoff frequency, the transmission characteristics are classified into three modes. The transmission cavity resonance (TCR) mode in the range above the cutoff depends on the plate thickness, and peak transmission cross-sections (TCSs) appear periodically along the plate thickness, known as Fabry-Perot resonance. The near-cutoff resonance transmission (NCRT) mode depends on the slot length and plate thickness, and the maximum TCS appears only once as a slot length resonance (or transverse resonance). The peak TCS for the NCRT mode occurs with a thin plate thickness, which produces slot length resonance. The non-transmission cavity (NTC) mode is a non-transmission and non-resonance mode and is not propagated. All the maximum TCSs for the TCR and NCRT modes occur in parallel resonance. The analysis results show that the classification of the three transmission modes through the thick plate slot is effectively explained by the TCS and aperture impedance.","PeriodicalId":15662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41683863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Iterative Method for Modeling a Wireless Power Transfer System with Nonlinearity of Voltage Rectifier 电压整流器非线性无线输电系统的迭代建模方法
IF 2.3 3区 工程技术
Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science Pub Date : 2022-07-31 DOI: 10.26866/jees.2022.4.r.118
Eakhwan Song, Jangyong Ahn, Jiseong Kim
{"title":"Iterative Method for Modeling a Wireless Power Transfer System with Nonlinearity of Voltage Rectifier","authors":"Eakhwan Song, Jangyong Ahn, Jiseong Kim","doi":"10.26866/jees.2022.4.r.118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26866/jees.2022.4.r.118","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we developed an iterative method for modeling a wireless power transfer (WPT) system with nonlinearity. The proposed method can determine the steady-state characteristics of the nonlinear rectifier circuit based on the converging iteration. Additionally, the transfer response of the receiving voltage can be identified with respect to the operating frequency by employing the proposed method in the frequency domain. The proposed method was applied to a WPT system that was designed based on the Qi specification. The circuit simulation and measurement results successfully validated the application of the proposed iterative method.","PeriodicalId":15662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42861119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Three-Dimensional Near-Field to Far-Field Transformation for Radar Cross Section Estimation of Elongated Targets via Subdimensional Hybrid Conversion 三维近场到远场变换用于细长目标雷达截面的亚维混合转换估计
IF 2.3 3区 工程技术
Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science Pub Date : 2022-07-31 DOI: 10.26866/jees.2022.4.r.116
Jeong-Kyu Kim, Hyun-Sung Tae, Min-Gyeong Seo, Ho-Min Park
{"title":"Three-Dimensional Near-Field to Far-Field Transformation for Radar Cross Section Estimation of Elongated Targets via Subdimensional Hybrid Conversion","authors":"Jeong-Kyu Kim, Hyun-Sung Tae, Min-Gyeong Seo, Ho-Min Park","doi":"10.26866/jees.2022.4.r.116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26866/jees.2022.4.r.116","url":null,"abstract":"Image-based (IB) near-field to far-field transformation (NFFFT) is a useful method for the valid prediction of radar cross sections (RCSs) from short-range monostatic measurements. Many previous studies on the IB NFFFT algorithm have been limited to two-dimensional (2D) measurement cases. In this work, a subdimensional hybrid conversion approach is proposed as a relevant three-dimensional (3D) NFFFT method consisting of the following procedures. First, the spherical-wave information collected through 3D scanning is converted to a cylindrical waveform by applying the 2D circular NFFFT (CNFFFT) method to every vertical subplane (r-θ plane). Then, a horizontal far-field radar image on the x-y plane and an RCS pattern are extracted through direct integration of a 2D focusing operator modified to compensate for a magnitude error through distance approximation during the CNFFFT procedure. The results of a comparative study with direct integration of a 3D focusing operator are presented to show the validity and performance of the proposed method.","PeriodicalId":15662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46494668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Substrate Integrated Waveguide Quasi-Elliptic Filter with Arbitrary Termination Impedances 任意端阻抗基片集成波导准椭圆滤波器
IF 2.3 3区 工程技术
Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science Pub Date : 2022-07-31 DOI: 10.26866/jees.2022.4.r.111
Phanam Pech, P. Kim, G. Chaudhary, Y. Jeong
{"title":"Substrate Integrated Waveguide Quasi-Elliptic Filter with Arbitrary Termination Impedances","authors":"Phanam Pech, P. Kim, G. Chaudhary, Y. Jeong","doi":"10.26866/jees.2022.4.r.111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26866/jees.2022.4.r.111","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a quasi-elliptic filter (QEF) with arbitrary termination impedances (ATI). The proposed QEF is designed by adding cross-coupling between the first and last resonators of an ATI bandpass filter (BPF) with the Chebyshev response. The proposed QEFs with ATI can be designed in even-order resonators and the location of the pair transmission zeros (TZs) is controllable. To prove the validity of the proposed design, the fourth-order QEFs with ATI were implemented on a single-layer substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity at a center frequency (f0) of 10 GHz with the pair TZs at 10 ± 1.4 GHz. These SIW QEFs with ATI improve frequency selectivity and effectively suppress the out-of-band signal with high power handling. The measured maximum insertion loss (|S21|) and minimum return loss (|S11|) of the SIW QEF with unequal real-to-real ATI are 0.93 dB and 17.4 dB, respectively, in the passband. Similarly, the maximum |S21| and minimum |SS11| of the SIW QEF with complex-to-real ATI are 1.2 dB and 18 dB, respectively.yer substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity at a center frequency (","PeriodicalId":15662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42783914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Efficient Finite-Difference Time-Domain Modeling of Time-Varying Dusty Plasma 时变尘埃等离子体的有效时域有限差分建模
IF 2.3 3区 工程技术
Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science Pub Date : 2022-07-31 DOI: 10.26866/jees.2022.4.r.115
Yong-Jin Kim, Jeahoon Cho, Kyung‐Young Jung
{"title":"Efficient Finite-Difference Time-Domain Modeling of Time-Varying Dusty Plasma","authors":"Yong-Jin Kim, Jeahoon Cho, Kyung‐Young Jung","doi":"10.26866/jees.2022.4.r.115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26866/jees.2022.4.r.115","url":null,"abstract":"The finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method has been widely used for the electromagnetic analysis of dusty plasma sheath in reentering hypersonic vehicles. The time-varying characteristics of dusty plasma should be considered to accurately analyze THz wave propagation in dusty plasma. In this work, we propose an efficient FDTD modeling of time-varying dusty plasma based on the combination of the bilinear transform and the state-space approach. The proposed FDTD formulation for time-varying dusty plasma can lead to a significant improvement in computational efficiency against the conventional shift operator FDTD counterpart while maintaining numerical accuracy. Numerical examples are performed to validate the proposed FDTD modeling of time-varying dusty plasma.","PeriodicalId":15662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45894830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
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