Michelle Gimbar, Hamed Samavat, Kristen P Hamilton, Jane Ziegler, Floris Wardenaar, Carrie Esopenko, Laura Byham-Gray
{"title":"Predictors of Third-Party Tested Nutritional Supplementation Use Among DI and DIII Student-Athletes at A Northeast University.","authors":"Michelle Gimbar, Hamed Samavat, Kristen P Hamilton, Jane Ziegler, Floris Wardenaar, Carrie Esopenko, Laura Byham-Gray","doi":"10.1080/19390211.2024.2449023","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19390211.2024.2449023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nutritional supplements (NS) are linked to adverse events and unintentional doping among college-athletes. The use of third-party tested (TPT) NS can increase safety and reduce the risk of inadvertent consumption of banned substances. The purpose of this study was to examine self-reported use of TPT supplements between the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I (DI) and Division III (DIII) college-athletes and explore the potential predictors of TPT use. This cross-sectional study used data from a web-based, 50-question survey on supplement use, behaviors, and knowledge. A total of 271 individuals completed the survey, 118 athletes (66.9% DI, 33.1% DIII) were included in the analysis due to completion of TPT NS questions. Among this sample, 80.5% of student-athletes reported use of TPT NS, however, only 17.8% of students reported consistent use of TPT NS. In the multivariable model adjusted for athletic division, sex, and sport-type, student-athletes who preferred information from a strength and conditioning coach or athletic trainer were 69% less likely to report consistent use of TPT NS across all categories when compared to those who preferred going to a registered dietitian nutritionist (RDN). Student-athletes with limited access to an RD/RDN were more likely to use an athletic trainer or strength and conditioning coach for supplement information. Having dedicated RDNs within athletic departments may benefit athletes when it comes to safe NS use. Programs should also consider additional supplement education to athletic trainers and strength and conditioning coaches to help ensure safe and effective use of NS.</p>","PeriodicalId":15646,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dietary Supplements","volume":" ","pages":"310-328"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142949916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M Ashwini, Ajit Antony, H S Shilpa, S V V S Ravi Mangu, Kunal Sharan, Mukesh Kapoor
{"title":"Guar Gum β-Manno-Oligosaccharides Alleviate Ulcerative Colitis in Mice Models <i>via</i> Gut Microflora Modulation.","authors":"M Ashwini, Ajit Antony, H S Shilpa, S V V S Ravi Mangu, Kunal Sharan, Mukesh Kapoor","doi":"10.1080/19390211.2025.2533889","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19390211.2025.2533889","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gut dysbiosis is a key feature in ulcerative colitis, a globally prevalent subtype of inflammatory bowel disease. Microbiota-directed dietary supplements can restore the dysbiotic gut and alleviate ulcerative colitis. We aimed to delineate whether prebiotic guar gum β-manno-oligosaccharides [GG-β-MOS(i) 500 mg/kg, (ii) 1000 mg/kg] favors gut microflora and microflora associated characteristics (MACs) and can prevent dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) induced ulcerative colitis in mice model. DSS challenged adult male C57BL/6 mice were used as model for colon inflammation evaluation. Food and water consumption, disease activity index (DAI), histopathological changes, cytokines in sera and colonic tissues, microflora associated characteristics (MACs; post-fermentation metabolites, short-chain fatty acids, etc.) and gut microflora profiles were studied. We found that GG-β-MOS successfully attenuated colonic inflammation, reduced inflammatory proteins, improved the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes and promoted the colonization of probiotics like <i>Lactobacillus</i> and <i>Bifidobacteria</i>. Furthermore, GG-β-MOS enriched beneficial bacteria <i>viz.</i>, <i>Lactobacillus</i>, <i>Bifidobacteria</i>, <i>Bacillus</i> and <i>Enterococcus</i> showed positive correlation with anti-inflammatory metabolites like D-mannose, coprostanol, pentadecane, alpha-linolenic acid, dihomo-γ-linolenic acid, D-ribose, L-fucose, D-arabinose, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, acetate and butyrate and negative correlation with oxalate, palmitic acid, arachidonic acid and erythritol. Overall, GG-β-MOS supplementation restored altered gut microflora and metabolome leading to improved mucosal repair and reduced intestinal inflammation in DSS induced ulcerative colitis mice model.</p>","PeriodicalId":15646,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dietary Supplements","volume":" ","pages":"750-774"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144760233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Morgane Carrara, Delphine Margout-Jantac, Krati Jian, Mary T Kelly
{"title":"A New Validated Method for Rapid Determination of OLEU Concentration in Dietary Supplements: Comparison with Total Phenol Content and Antioxidant Activity.","authors":"Morgane Carrara, Delphine Margout-Jantac, Krati Jian, Mary T Kelly","doi":"10.1080/19390211.2024.2416439","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19390211.2024.2416439","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The market for olive leaf dietary supplements is expanding rapidly and is valued at $437.15 million today. However, information on the control of these products is sketchy and the origin and variety of olives are rarely stated. The aim of this research was to validate a simple and rapid screening method for oleuropein determination in olive leaf dietary supplements. A matrix blank was prepared by removal of oleuropein from a mixture of dietary supplements and the matrix was then spiked with known concentrations to create a spiked matrix calibration curve in the range 5 - 40% oleuropein. Five replicate extractions and analyses of the matrix standards were carried out over 10 days. Precision was less than 6% RSD and linearity was demonstrated by the Fischer test. Extraction recovery was > 90% and there was a strong linear relationship between authentic and matrix standards. All tested products conformed to the label claim which was strongly correlated with total polyphenols measured by the Folin-Ciocalteau method. Antioxidant activity was measured by the DPPH assay and was found to be strongly correlated with total phenol content and oleuropein concentration.</p>","PeriodicalId":15646,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dietary Supplements","volume":" ","pages":"300-309"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142501629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Joel Puente-Fernández, Eneko Larumbe-Zabala, Justin Roberts, Fernando Naclerio
{"title":"Effect of a Multi-Ingredient Post-Workout Dietary Supplement on Body Composition and Muscle Strength - A Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Joel Puente-Fernández, Eneko Larumbe-Zabala, Justin Roberts, Fernando Naclerio","doi":"10.1080/19390211.2025.2488811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19390211.2025.2488811","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of the current parallel randomized controlled trial was to compare the effects of ingesting a dietary supplement admixture providing carbohydrates, leucine-fortified whey protein, creatine, <i>β</i>-hydroxy-<i>β</i>-methylbutyrate, and vitamin D3 (Master Recovery 1:1, Crown Sport Nutrition, Spain), versus an isoenergetic carbohydrate-only comparator on body composition, muscle thickness, muscle strength, and performance over a 6-week resistance training program, performed three times per week, in aging, physically active individuals. Twenty participants (10 peri- and post-menopausal females and 10 males) -completed the study after being randomly assigned to one of the following groups: post-workout multi-ingredient (PWS: <i>n</i> = 10, 52.0 ± 5 years, body mass 82.0 ± 18.0 kg) or a comparator (COM: <i>n</i> = 10, 51 ± 3 years, body mass 85.9 ± 17.0 kg). Treatment consisted of ingesting 60.0 g of the assigned supplement immediately after each workout. Compared to baseline, only PWS increased fat-free mass (+1.34 ± 1.2 kg, <i>p</i> = 0.003), reduced fat mass (-1.09 ± 0.7 kg, <i>p</i> < 0.001), waist circumference (-2.5 ± 1.8 cm, <i>p</i> < 0.001), and waist-to-hip ratio (-0.03 ± 0.03 cm, <i>p</i> = 0.007). At post-intervention, waist circumference reduction was different between groups (<i>p</i> = 0.02, <i>d</i> = 1.19). Both treatments similarly improved vastus lateralis and elbow flexor thickness, medicine ball throw, and endurance performance. Although countermovement jump improved for both treatments, the PWS group showed a significantly higher performance increase compared to COM (<i>p</i> < 0.01, <i>d</i> = 1.47). Compared to ingesting carbohydrates only, the use of a targeted multi-ingredient promoted noticeable body composition outcomes and better vertical jump improvements with no further effects on hypertrophy, upper body, and endurance performance. The study was registered as a clinical trial at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05769088).</p>","PeriodicalId":15646,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dietary Supplements","volume":"22 3","pages":"445-462"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143999335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Naomi Osakabe, Toshihiko Shoji, Kurumi Onishi, Chie Hirahata, Kento Hiroki, Taiki Fushimi, Yasuyuki Fujii, Ursula M Jacob, Ali S Abdelhameed, Tilman Fritsch, Rosanna Di Paola, Salvatore Cuzzocrea, Vittorio Calabrese
{"title":"Sensory Characteristics and Impact of Flavanol-Rich Grape and Blueberry Extract on Blood Flow Velocity and Oxidative Stress.","authors":"Naomi Osakabe, Toshihiko Shoji, Kurumi Onishi, Chie Hirahata, Kento Hiroki, Taiki Fushimi, Yasuyuki Fujii, Ursula M Jacob, Ali S Abdelhameed, Tilman Fritsch, Rosanna Di Paola, Salvatore Cuzzocrea, Vittorio Calabrese","doi":"10.1080/19390211.2024.2446186","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19390211.2024.2446186","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Several epidemiological studies and intervention trials have demonstrated that grapes and blueberries, which are rich in flavanols, can lower the risk of cardiovascular disease. However, the mechanisms of action of these compounds remain unclear due to their low bioavailability.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to characterize the sensory properties, blood flow velocity, and oxidative stress of a polyphenol rich grape and blueberry extract (PEGB) containing approximately 16% flavanols (11% monomers and 4% dimers).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A sensory property of PEGB was compared with quercetin at uniform concentration using healthy young subjects. In addition, the reactivity of PEGB with O<sub>2</sub><sup>•-</sup> was also compared with quercetin utilizing a luminescence method. Furthermore, the effect of a single administration of PEGB on the blood flow velocity of skeletal muscle arterioles was investigated using a laser Doppler method in rats.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At a concentration where quercetin was barely tasteful, flavanol in PEGB exhibited a robust astringent taste. Furthermore, under pH conditions mimicking the oral cavity and intestinal tract, PEGB promoted O<sub>2</sub><sup>•-</sup> production at low concentrations and scavenging O<sub>2</sub><sup>•-</sup> at high concentrations. In contrast, quercetin demonstrated antioxidant activity. A single oral administration of PEGB significantly increased the blood flow velocity of skeletal muscle arterioles.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results demonstrate that PEGB exhibited a pronounced astringent taste, O<sub>2</sub><sup>•-</sup> production at low concentrations in neutral pH environments, and significantly enhanced blood flow to skeletal muscle following a single administration to rats. These findings highlight the necessity for further investigation into the causal relationships between oral perception, redox properties, and bioactivity of polyphenols.</p>","PeriodicalId":15646,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dietary Supplements","volume":" ","pages":"219-235"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142949982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Asma Kazemi, Noushin Deylami, Sara Shojaei-Zarghani, Mohammad Hashem Hashempur
{"title":"Effects of Pomegranate on Vascular Endothelial Function: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Clinical Trials.","authors":"Asma Kazemi, Noushin Deylami, Sara Shojaei-Zarghani, Mohammad Hashem Hashempur","doi":"10.1080/19390211.2025.2490659","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19390211.2025.2490659","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>In this systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials, we investigated the effect of pomegranate on vascular endothelial function markers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library until September 2024. Clinical trials that investigated the effect of pomegranate juice, extract, or its components on markers of vascular endothelial function, including flow-mediated dilation (FMD), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), E-selectin, nitric oxide (NO), interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-1, and IL-10, in healthy or diseased adults ages ≥ 18 years were eligible to be included. The quality of studies was assessed using the Cochrane tool. Random-effects meta-analysis was used to pool standardized mean differences (<i>SMD</i>) and 95% CI for the outcomes assessed by at least three studies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nineteen studies were included. Analysis of studies indicated a nonsignificant effect on VCAM-1 (<i>SMD</i>: -041, 95%CI: -2.53 to 1.71, <i>I<sup>2</sup></i>= 83.6%, <i>n</i> = 3), while a significant reduction in ICAM-1 was observed (<i>SMD</i>: -0.63, 95% CI: -0.85 to -0.40, <i>I<sup>2</sup></i> = 0.0%, <i>n</i> = 3). Pooled analysis of fourteen studies on IL-6 indicated a significant reduction (-0.58, 95% CI: -0.98 to -0.19, <i>I</i><sup>2</sup> = 82.63%). The results of the three studies on E-selectin were inconsistent. The FMD and NO were assessed in only one study.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Pomegranate is effective in improving IL-6 and ICAM-1, but not VCAM-1.</p>","PeriodicalId":15646,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dietary Supplements","volume":" ","pages":"463-486"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143999241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vishal P Dubey, Jignesh J Kansagra, Varun P Sureja, Dharmeshkumar B Kheni
{"title":"Efficacy of a Probiotic Combination on Glycemic Index and Insulin Resistance in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Vishal P Dubey, Jignesh J Kansagra, Varun P Sureja, Dharmeshkumar B Kheni","doi":"10.1080/19390211.2025.2522463","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19390211.2025.2522463","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Insulin resistance leads to increased glucose and insulin levels. Probiotics can reduce insulin resistance, but the presence of different probiotic strains and doses prevents the generalization to real-world scenario. The current systematic review and meta-analysis study investigated the efficacy of a triple probiotic combination (<i>Lactobacillus acidophilus</i>, <i>Lactobacillus casei</i>, and <i>Bifidobacterium bifidum</i>) on glycemic index and insulin resistance parameters in adults. Randomized controlled trials evaluating the efficacy of the probiotics combination on glycemic index and insulin resistance parameters were identified. Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale and the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool were used for risk of bias assessment and RevMan for meta-analysis. Fourteen good-quality clinical trials were included in the current study. Low-to-moderate risk of bias was observed. Data from 823 participants were included. Probiotics supplementation significantly reduced insulin resistance (MD: -1.05 HOMA-IR score, <i>p</i> < 0.00001), serum glucose (MD: -3.99 mg/dl, <i>p</i> = 0.0003) and insulin levels (MD: -3.79 µIU/ml, <i>p</i> < 0.00001), while significantly improved insulin sensitivity (MD: +0.02 QUICKI score, <i>p</i> < 0.00001) and pancreatic β-cell functioning (MD: -14.71 HOMA-B score, <i>p</i> < 0.00001) compared to the control group. Significant heterogeneity was observed for all evaluation parameters (except the HOMA-B score) while no significant publication bias was observed. The current study suggests that the probiotic combination of <i>Lactobacillus acidophilus</i>, <i>Lactobacillus casei</i>, and <i>Bifidobacterium bifidum</i> is effective in reducing insulin resistance, improving glycemic index parameters, and improving pancreatic β-cell functioning in adults by improving the gastrointestinal microbiome.</p>","PeriodicalId":15646,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dietary Supplements","volume":" ","pages":"641-663"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144475499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Trends, Patterns, and Public Health Implications of Dietary Supplement Recalls: A Decade-Long Analysis from the Greek National Organization for Medicines (2015-2024).","authors":"Athanasios Skouras, Minas Μ Stylianakis, Vasileios Tzatzadakis, Emmanouela Magripli, Apostolos Vantarakis, Evangelia E Ntzani","doi":"10.1080/19390211.2025.2529844","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19390211.2025.2529844","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This retrospective study examines dietary supplement recalls in Greece from 2015 to 2024, focusing on seasonal trends, reasons for recalls, and dosage forms. A total of 602 recalls were analyzed, with sexual enhancement products (39%), weight management supplements (21%), and bodybuilding supplements (10%) representing the majority of cases. Recalls were primarily attributed to adulterants (62%), quality control issues (15%), and violations related to novel food ingredients (9%). The most commonly recalled dosage forms were capsules (56%) and powders (16%). Capsules and powders are prevalent due to their cost-effective manufacturing processes and simpler formulation requirements, while notable was the presence of honeys and pastes which often appeal to consumers seeking 'natural' remedies. Products sold exclusively online accounted for 63% of recalls, highlighting the risks associated with unregulated e-commerce channels. Seasonal patterns revealed increasing trends in recalls during winter, attributed to consumer demand and regulatory focus. The three major product categories showed seasonal trends, though these were not statistically significant. Specifically, sexual dysfunction products exhibited seasonal variation, with peaks in January and April associated with adulterants such as sildenafil and tadalafil. Weight management product recalls were higher in January and December, reflecting post-holiday and pre-New Year health trends, while bodybuilding supplements showed steady activity with slight increases in late summer. These findings underscore the importance of targeted regulatory enforcement during high-risk periods, enhanced consumer awareness campaigns, and strengthened international collaboration to address safety violations. Special attention to online marketplaces and tailored strategies addressing specific product categories and dosage forms are critical to improving public health outcomes and supplement safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":15646,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dietary Supplements","volume":" ","pages":"722-749"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144600636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Apple Polyphenols and Defecation in Overweight Adults with Constipation - A Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Takahiro Sekikawa, Yanmei Li, Tsuyoshi Takara","doi":"10.1080/19390211.2025.2539878","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19390211.2025.2539878","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Constipation is a prevalent symptom in adults and has been linked to an increased risk of serious complications, including cardiovascular and renal diseases. This study evaluated the effect of apple polyphenols on defecation among Japanese adults with a body mass index of ≥25 kg/m<sup>2</sup> and <30 kg/m<sup>2</sup> experiencing constipation who were otherwise healthy. After screening for eligibility, 24 participants were randomly assigned to either the Apple polyphenol or Placebo group in equal numbers. Participants consumed four tablets/day of either unripe apple-derived polyphenols (600 mg/day) or a placebo after breakfast with water for 12 wk. The primary outcome was weekly defecation frequency. Secondary outcomes included the number of days with defecation, the volume and feeling of defecation, the shape and smell of stools, fecal <i>Akkermansia muciniphila</i> counts, physical measurements, body composition, and blood lipid profile. The analysis included 12 participants in the Apple polyphenol and 11 in the Placebo group. After the 12-week intervention, the Apple polyphenol group had a significantly higher weekly defecation frequency versus the Placebo group (7.0 ± 2.1 <i>vs</i>. 4.9 ± 1.4 times; group difference: 2.2 times [95% CI 0.8-3.6], <i>p</i> = 0.004). No significant inter-group differences were observed in fecal <i>A. muciniphila</i> counts, physical measurements, body composition. While blood triglyceride levels tended to be lower in the Apple polyphenol group. These findings suggest that the consumption of polyphenols derived from immature apples may increase defecation frequency and ameliorate constipation; however, it appears not to affect <i>A. muciniphila</i>.</p><p><p><b>Clinical trial registry:</b> UMIN000050393.</p>","PeriodicalId":15646,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dietary Supplements","volume":" ","pages":"811-832"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144789294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}