Journal of Dietary Supplements最新文献

{"title":"The Plant Compound Sulforaphane Attenuates Induction of Cytokines and Other Early Activation Events in Jurkat Cells.","authors":"Qi Fu, Elizabeth M Gardner, Cheryl E Rockwell","doi":"10.1080/19390211.2026.2669189","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19390211.2026.2669189","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sulforaphane (SFN), a bioactive isothiocyanate found in cruciferous vegetables, has gained considerable interest for its anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. Previous work in our lab demonstrated that tert-butylhydroquinone (tBHQ), a common food preservative and synthetic antioxidant, suppresses early T cell activation events, including production of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and other cytokines, cell proliferation and induction of interleukin-2 receptor alpha (CD25) and other inducible cell surface receptors. Based on these findings, the current study explores the effects of sulforaphane (SFN), a naturally-occurring antioxidant, on Jurkat T cell activation. Considering that sulforaphane exists as multiple isomers - the functional implications of which on T cells is unclear, we investigated the individual effects of SFN isomers on CD4⁺ Jurkat T cell activation. Jurkat T cells were treated with 1, 3, 5, 10, 15, and 20 µM of either L-SFN or DL-SFN, following activation with anti-CD3/anti-CD28 for 24 h. Cell stimulation was assessed by measuring induction of activation markers using flow cytometry, and IL-2 cytokine secretion by ELISA. SFN inhibited upregulation of CD25, CD69, CD86, OX40 ligand (CD134) and CD40L (CD154) in a concentration-dependent manner. Likewise, SFN decreased induction of IL-2 secretion. Notably, both SFN isomers exhibited comparable suppressive effects on T cell activation. Taken together, these findings indicate that SFN suppresses induction of IL-2 and cell surface receptors in response to T cell stimulation, with no notable differences between isomers. These findings underscore the immunomodulatory properties of the dietary supplement SFN and specifically demonstrate inhibitory effects on T cell activation.</p>","PeriodicalId":15646,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dietary Supplements","volume":" ","pages":"346-359"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147972979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"(6S)-5-Methyltetrahydrofolate Dicholine Salt Modulates Methyl-Donor Metabolites and Repetitive-Element DNA Methylation in HepaRG Cells.","authors":"Kirsten Clement, Mitchell R McGill, Milan Bimali, Igor Koturbash","doi":"10.1080/19390211.2026.2680313","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19390211.2026.2680313","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>One-carbon metabolism supports methyl-donor availability for cellular methylation reactions. (6S)-5-methyltetrahydrofolate dicholine salt (5-MTHF-DCh) is a source of bioactive folate and choline, and a potential modifier of one-carbon metabolism and DNA methylation. However, despite the potential relevance of this dual folate-choline formulation to dietary supplement science, its effects on methyl-donor metabolism and downstream epigenetic endpoints remain insufficiently characterized.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Here, we tested whether 5-MTHF-DCh modifies one-carbon metabolism endpoints and DNA methylation of selected repetitive elements (RE) in HepaRG cells. Differentiated HepaRG cells were treated with 5-MTHF-DCh (0, 1, 10, or 40 nM) for 96 h. Cellular S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH), and methionine were quantified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). DNA methylation was assessed for five RE (L1PA2, L1PA13, L1PREC1, Alu, and HERVK11I long terminal repeat, LTR). Transcript levels were measured by quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR) for DNA methylation machinery and one-carbon enzymes as well as for selected RE. Dose effects were evaluated by ANOVA with Holm-adjusted comparisons.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>5-MTHF-DCh increased cellular SAM by 71% at 40 nM (<i>p</i> < 0.01). SAH decreased modestly at 1 nM (-31%, <i>p</i> < 0.01), while methionine was unchanged across doses. Among the RE, L1PA2 methylation increased at all doses with an inverted U-shaped pattern, while HERVK11I LTR methylation increased in a dose-dependent manner, with a 14-fold increase at 40 nM (<i>p</i> < 0.001). These changes were accompanied by a trend toward increased BHMT expression at 40 nM (2.1-fold; <i>p</i> = 0.074), while the mRNA levels of the DNA methylation machinery remained unchanged. In HepaRG cells, 5-MTHF-DCh increased SAM and was associated with selective increases in DNA methylation at specific RE, without detectable changes in core DNA methylation machinery transcripts.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings support 5-MTHF-DCh as a modulator of methyl-donor status with measurable epigenetic endpoints in a human hepatic cell model, and provide mechanistic evidence relevant to further evaluation of this folate-choline ingredient.</p>","PeriodicalId":15646,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dietary Supplements","volume":" ","pages":"461-474"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148100939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Equol, a Metabolite of Daidzein, Inhibits IgE-Dependent Basophil Activation by Modulating Intracellular Signaling.","authors":"Kouya Yamaki, Mizuki Kawaoka, Ai Nakashima, Akari Matsuda, Mai Takahara, Airi Uchida, Mao Nagaike, Mika Yamano, Yutaka Koyama","doi":"10.1080/19390211.2026.2624111","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19390211.2026.2624111","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Currently, the health-promoting effects of equol, an active metabolite of the naturally occurring isoflavone daidzein, in human digestive organs are attracting attention. Although the anti-inflammatory properties of equol have been elucidated and reported, the effect of equol on basophil activation associated with allergy induction has not been clarified.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effects of equol on basophil degranulation, which is responsible for anaphylaxis and allergic symptoms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The rat basophilic leukemia cell line, RBL2H3, was sensitized with anti-ovalbumin IgE and stimulated with ovalbumin in the presence or absence of equol, daidzein, and genistein. β-hexosaminidase and interleukin-4 releases in parallel with phosphorylation of intracellular signaling molecules such as ERK, JNK, p38, and Akt were measured. In addition, the effect of equol on the increase in surface CD63 expression of mouse primary spleen basophils (CD200R3⁺CD49b⁺) was examined following various stimulations including anti-IgE stimulation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Pretreatment of equol for 15 min significantly inhibited β-hexosaminidase at 20 min and interleukin-4 release at 4 h after stimulation without affecting cell viability. The inhibitory effect of equol on cell degranulation was comparable to that of genistein and daidzein. Treatment with equol also diminished the IgE-dependent increase in the phosphorylation levels of Akt, ERK, JNK and p38. Moreover, equol attenuated IgE-dependent mouse primary basophil degranulation, as indicated by increased CD63 expression. Ionomycin- or thapsigargin-induced CD63 expression was also inhibited by the compound.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results suggest that equol might be a potential candidate as an anti-allergic agent as well as related isoflavones.</p>","PeriodicalId":15646,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dietary Supplements","volume":" ","pages":"331-345"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146194467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Maca (<i>Lepidium Meyenii</i>) on Sexual Health and libido-A Review.","authors":"Richard J Bloomer","doi":"10.1080/19390211.2026.2727026","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19390211.2026.2727026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Background:</i> Maca (<i>Lepidium meyenii</i>) is a well-known and well-studied plant, native to Peru. Multiple health benefits have been suggested following maca use, with a particular focus on the scientific evidence in support of maca-derived products to aid libido, sexual health and well-being, and other related components of sexual health. <i>Objective:</i> To conduct a comprehensive review of literature specific to maca and the purported sexual health benefits. <i>Data Sources:</i> The primary data sources included PubMed and Google Scholar. <i>Results:</i> Maca appears to impart favorable health benefits without negatively altering hormone levels. For studies involving men only, there appears to be consistency across publications, with noted improvements in libido and associated measures. For studies involving a combination of men and women, there also appears to be a positive effect for maca on libido and measures of sexual health. For those studies involving women only, often postmenopausal, the findings are mixed in terms of improved sexual health outcomes. <i>Conclusions:</i> Maca-derived products are widely available as dietary supplements, and most human trials have used approximately 3 grams per day of maca powder or an equivalent preparation. While some data pertaining to maca are promising, additional research is needed to extend the findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":15646,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dietary Supplements","volume":" ","pages":"582-601"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148874361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ginger as a Modulator of Drug Metabolizing Enzymes and Transporters: Potential Implications for Herb-Drug Interactions.","authors":"Islam Husain, Mantasha Idrisi, Pankul Kotwal, Ikhlas A Khan, Shabana I Khan","doi":"10.1080/19390211.2025.2606752","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19390211.2025.2606752","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ginger (<i>Zingiber officinale</i>) is one of the most widely used herbs, employed in various food preparations, beverages, and herbal medicines. In recent decades, the demand for commercial formulations of ginger, including herbal medicines, nutraceuticals, and botanical dietary supplements (BDS), has increased significantly, and these products are now readily available. Research indicates that a significant portion of the population regularly consumes ginger and its commercial products, often believing that these products are free from side effects due to their natural origin. However, recent preclinical and clinical studies indicate that ginger can interact substantially with various xenobiotic receptors (e.g. PXR, CAR and AhR), drug-metabolizing cytochrome enzymes (CYP3A4, 2C9, 2D6, 1A2, and GST), and drug transporters (P-gp, BCRP, OATP, and OCT). As a result, over-consumption may lead to herb-drug interactions (HDIs) that are often unnoticed but can sometimes require urgent medical intervention, especially in long-term patients. However, there is limited information available regarding its HDIs. This report outlines the basic concept of HDIs, explores the HDI potential of ginger phytochemicals, and presents clinical cases resulting from the indiscriminate consumption of ginger or its products. We believe this information proves valuable to average consumers, researchers, and policymakers.</p>","PeriodicalId":15646,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dietary Supplements","volume":" ","pages":"240-256"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145849485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction.","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/19390211.2026.2635318","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19390211.2026.2635318","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15646,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dietary Supplements","volume":" ","pages":"440"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147276213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation and Comparison of Live Microorganism Plating Analytical Procedures Following United States Pharmacopeia (USP) <1220> and <1210>.","authors":"M L Jane Weitzel, Marco Pane, Christina S Vegge, Scott A Jackson, Binu Koshy, Virginia S Goldman, Pierre Burguière, Jean-Marc Roussel, Jean L Schoeni","doi":"10.1080/19390211.2025.2583511","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19390211.2025.2583511","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Properly validated procedures can reduce variation and lead to data that is more accurate and precise. Analytical procedure lifecycle management (APLM) is a statistical approach based on uncertainty measurements that validates procedures by demonstrating they are fit for purpose. APLM results can also be used to compare procedures. This paper builds upon previous publications that introduced, developed, and demonstrated the application of APLM as described in USP <1220> to a microbiological analytical procedure. The application of APLM is demonstrated in two MS EXCEL workbooks that are provided: <i>Template APLM</i>, that can be used to apply APLM to any microbiological plate count procedure and <i>Case Study APLM</i> detailing the APLM validation and comparison of enumeration procedures associated with a <i>Lactobacillus acidophilus</i> probiotic ingredient. The measurand and analytical target profile are clearly defined, a risk assessment is documented, and an analytical control strategy created. Two different procedures, ISO 20128 and USP <64>, are compared using tolerance intervals (TI) calculated from the procedures' uncertainties. Tools to ease validation and comparison and all required statistical equations are contained within the workbooks. Case study data, which is based on a <i>Lactobacillus acidophilus</i>, single-strain, powdered ingredient, was generated in a manufacturing facility laboratory. This example of using APLM validated ISO 20128 as fit for the purpose of enumerating L. acidophilus in a powdered probiotic ingredient by showing that the intermediate precision (0.062 log₁₀ CFU/g) was less than the target measurement uncertainty (0.097 log₁₀ CFU/g). When comparing ISO 20128 to USP <64> overlapping tolerance intervals were observed; 11.14-11.76 log₁₀ CFU/g and 11.41 to 11.62 log₁₀ CFU/g, respectively. The results indicate the procedures are similar, but not equivalent. Options for using APLM and TI information are discussed. This study shows that APLM and tolerance intervals are useful tools that improve and ease procedure selection, assist in information gathering that leads to better understanding and control of analytical procedures, and helps improve data quality.</p>","PeriodicalId":15646,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dietary Supplements","volume":" ","pages":"76-100"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145513038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of a Cranberry, Probiotic, and Vitamin C Supplement on Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections in Children-A Cohort Study.","authors":"John Dotis, Vasiliki Karava, Antonia Kondou, Vasileia Christodoulaki, Nikolaos Stergiou, Nikoleta Printza","doi":"10.1080/19390211.2026.2615923","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19390211.2026.2615923","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common in children and may lead to long-term renal complications, especially in those with vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). Concerns about antibiotic resistance and side effects of prolonged antibiotic use underscore the need for safe, non-antibiotic alternatives. This prospective, self-controlled observational study evaluated a standardized combination of cranberry extract (36 mg proanthocyanidins daily), probiotics (<i>Lactobacillus rhamnosus</i> and <i>Bifidobacterium longum</i>), and vitamin C (250 mg daily) in 39 children aged 3-16 years, including a subgroup with mild-to-moderate VUR. UTI recurrence was compared before and after the 12-month study period. The supplement was administered for 6 months, followed by a 6-month observation period. Microbiological analyses assessed pathogen distribution. Safety and tolerability were monitored. The intervention significantly reduced UTI recurrence, with median episodes decreasing from 3 to 0 in children without VUR (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and from 2 to 0 in children with VUR (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Overall, 27 of 39 participants (69.2%) remained infection-free throughout follow-up, while the remaining participants experienced a reduced number of UTI episodes compared with the pre-supplementation period. <i>Escherichia coli</i> remained the predominant pathogen, while the diversity of other uropathogens changed minimally, indicating fewer infections rather than microbial shifts. The supplement was well tolerated, with mild gastrointestinal symptoms in 5 of 39 participants (12.8%) and no serious adverse events. Subgroup analyses showed consistent benefit across age and sex, with children having higher baseline UTI frequency experiencing the greatest reduction. A multi-component supplement of cranberry, probiotics, and vitamin C effectively reduced recurrent pediatric UTIs, decreased overall infection burden, preserved <i>E. coli</i> as the main pathogen, and was safe and well tolerated, including in children with mild-to-moderate VUR.</p>","PeriodicalId":15646,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dietary Supplements","volume":" ","pages":"205-216"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145952028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Higher-Biotin Prenatal Multivitamin Formulation Improves Maternal and Cord Blood Biotin Biomarkers: A 24-Week Double-Blind, Randomized, Controlled Trial.","authors":"Isabelle Hanson, Fulvia Draicchio, Mastaneh Sharafi, Adeline Grier-Welch, Arianne Vance, Nima Alamdari, Itamar D Futterman, Scott Chudnoff, Olga Malysheva, Marie A Caudill, Xinyin Jiang","doi":"10.1080/19390211.2026.2727024","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19390211.2026.2727024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This double-blind, randomized, controlled trial primarily aimed to determine how supplementation of a prenatal multivitamin with biotin levels above the Adequate Intake (AI) affected biotin status in mother-fetus dyads. Additionally, the correlation between biotin status and stress markers was also explored. Eighty healthy pregnant women were recruited between gestational week 12 and 16. They received a prenatal multivitamin containing either 150 μg (intervention) or 30 μg (control) biotin for 24 wk. Sixty-two participants completed the study. Fasting blood samples were collected at week 0, 12, and 24 and cord blood was collected at delivery to measure biotin status biomarkers and stress-related hormones. At both week 12 and 24, the intervention group had significantly higher serum biotin concentrations than the control group (<i>p</i> < 0.01). Cord blood biotin concentrations were also higher in the intervention than in the control group (<i>p</i> < 0.01). Maternal plasma concentrations of 3-hydroxyisovaleric acid-carnitine (3HIA-carnitine), a metabolite accumulated with marginal biotin insufficiency, were also more pronouncedly reduced in the intervention group (<i>p</i> = 0.035). Maternal stress hormone cortisol concentrations were lower (<i>p</i> = 0.04) in the intervention versus the control group and cortisol concentrations demonstrated a negative association with biotin concentrations in both maternal and cord blood (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Moreover, osteocalcin, a bone-derived hormone that suppresses chronic cortisol elevation, was positively associated with biotin concentrations in the cord blood (<i>β</i> = 0.013, <i>p</i> = 0.044). In conclusion, a higher-biotin prenatal multivitamin formulation with biotin content exceeding the AI led to increases in biotin biomarkers in the mother-fetus dyad. The higher concentrations of biotin status biomarkers were related to mitigation of stress indicators. Further research is needed to confirm the positive role of a higher biotin intake in improving maternal and fetal health. This trial was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05673070).</p>","PeriodicalId":15646,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dietary Supplements","volume":" ","pages":"673-689"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148887104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary Supplement-Induced Hepatotoxicity: A Clinical Perspective.","authors":"Jordan Carty, Victor J Navarro","doi":"10.1080/19390211.2024.2327546","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19390211.2024.2327546","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The consumption of dietary supplements (DS) has resulted in a significant and escalating number of cases involving liver injury. It is crucial for clinicians and consumers to be well informed about the adverse effects of such products, leading to their discontinuation and timely reporting of any harmful cases. This article delves into the clinical perspective of DS-related hepatotoxicity, highlighting key concepts such as a systematic diagnostic approach. The discussion extends to notable examples of both currently popular and potential future dietary supplements, such as garcinia cambogia, turmeric, and ashwagandha, accompanied by an overview of recent findings. Causality assessment tools play a crucial role in establishing a connection between these products and instances of liver injury, with consideration of the advantages and disadvantages associated with their use. Fostering a comprehensive understanding of regulatory standards, coupled with a solid foundation of knowledge of DS, will prove instrumental in preventing DS-related hepatotoxicity. Achieving this goal requires collaborative efforts from both consumers and clinicians.</p>","PeriodicalId":15646,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dietary Supplements","volume":" ","pages":"58-77"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140287561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}