Journal of diabetes & metabolism最新文献

{"title":"A Randomized Controlled Trial Evaluating a Community-Based Diabetes Optimization Program for Patients Awaiting Elective Cardiac Surgery","authors":"Rohan M. Sanjanwala, C. White, B. Hiebert, D. Kent, C. Metge, M. Meade, S. Ludwig, R. Arora","doi":"10.35248/2155-6156.19.10.825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2155-6156.19.10.825","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The diabetes prevalence varies from 7%-20% among Cardiovascular Surgery (CS) patients. The patients with suboptimal glycaemic control are at a higher risk of postoperative morbidity and mortality. Objective: To explore feasibility and effectiveness of preoperative Diabetes Optimization Program (DOP). Design: Unblinded parallel group randomized controlled trial. Methods: Between 2013 to 2015, consecutive, consenting elective CS patients with HbA1C>7% were randomized to Standard of Care (SOC) group or to the DOP group. The DOP is a community-based diabetes education and optimization program. The SOC includes diabetes care from their Primary Care Physician (PCP). Outcome: The primary outcome was DOP feasibility. Secondarily, rate of change in HbA1C between the groups over the study period was evaluated. The DOP feasibility was assessed through the participants’ consent and adherence rate and generalized estimating equation was used for secondary outcomes analyses. Results: Thirty three out of 57 patients consented to participate in the study (consent rate 58%); 19 randomized to SOC group and 14 to the DOP group. The DOP group protocol adherence rate was 71%. There was no difference in the rate of HbA1C change between the groups over time (p=0.994). Conclusion: Providing preoperative diabetes optimization, through intervention such as DOP, for elective CS patients is feasible. Even so, its effectiveness reducing HbA1C appears comparable to the SOC in this feasibility trial. Perhaps, a shared diabetes care including the primary care provider and an integrated diabetes education and management program would resonate with the identified patients’ preference, with higher diabetes optimization efficacy.","PeriodicalId":15597,"journal":{"name":"Journal of diabetes & metabolism","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72588816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dysglycemia and Dyslipidemia Models in Nonhuman Primates: Part IV. Pancreatic Beta Cell Dysfunction and Diabetes Progression","authors":"Y. Xiao, Y. Wang","doi":"10.35248/2155-6156.19.10.832","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2155-6156.19.10.832","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes mellitus, hyperglycemia and polyuria, results from the body either producing insufficient insulin or using the produced insulin inefficiently to metabolize glucose. Type I diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is recognized as reduction of beta-cell mass mostly due to autoimmune destruction. However, insulin resistance and beta-cell dysfunction or loss are potentially the main causes of Type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Due to long-term hyperglycemia and microvascular impairment, complications are common, including heart, kidney, liver and other organs. Therefore, diabetic patients have the overall high risk of dying prematurely by heart attack, stroke, liver dysfunction and kidney failure. Diabetes has become one of the major global threats to human health. Development of safe and potent therapeutics is thus urgently needed. Animal models remain irreplaceable for discovering, validating and optimizing novel therapeutics for their safe use in clinics. Selection of appropriate animal models is critical for obtaining crucial data to translate preclinical research to clinical trial. It has been recognized that the pancreas structure and pathophysiology in rodents greatly differ from those in humans, but in nonhuman primates (NHPs) are more similar to humans. Many researchers have used spontaneously developed or drug-induced diabetic NHPs as the models to investigate diabetes progression and novel therapies. This article summarized some characteristics of the disease progression in a large pool of diabetic NHPs.","PeriodicalId":15597,"journal":{"name":"Journal of diabetes & metabolism","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76428012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"meglimin: Therapeutic Option for Achieving Glycemic Control","authors":"Subhash Kumar","doi":"10.35248/2155-6156.19.10.838","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2155-6156.19.10.838","url":null,"abstract":"Imeglimin is a new class of drug which has introduced recently. The molecular mechanisms are unknown, although imeglimin improves insulin sensitivity in humans. Pre-clinical studies had confirmed that imeglimin favouring lipid oxidation in liver and preserving mitochondrial function from oxidative stress, therefore normalizes glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. The main objective of this review article is to highlight updates of new class of drug which is imeglimin and generated a huge interest after recently conducted EASD at Barcelona.","PeriodicalId":15597,"journal":{"name":"Journal of diabetes & metabolism","volume":"111 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76541202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Herbal Anti-Hyperglycemic Compound Increases Expression of Glucose Transporter Molecules in Diabetic Rats","authors":"A. A. Jafri, S. Sharma, Nikhil Khurana, Mehndiratta M, U. Singh, K. Luthra","doi":"10.35248/2155-6156.19.10.824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2155-6156.19.10.824","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In previous studies, Sharma et al. has already isolated an anti-hyperglycemic compound from the fruit pulp of Eugenia jambolana using HPLC and other chromatographic techniques. However, the effect of antihyperglycemic compound (FIIc) on the expression of Glucose transporters and Kv 1.3 potassium channel in Streptozotocin-Nicotinamide induced diabetic rats has not been studied so far. Objective: To study the effect of HPLC purified herbal anti-hyperglycemic compound (FIIc) on the expression of GLUT-4, GLUT-8 and Kv 1.3 potassium channel in Streptozotocin-Nicotinamide induced diabetic rats. Methods: 24 Male Wistar rats were taken and diabetes was induced in group B, C and D rats (n=6 each) by injecting Streptozotocin at a dose of 45 mg/kg of body weight 15 minutes after the administration of Nicotinamide at a dose of 230 mg/kg of body weight, intra-peritoneally to overnight fasted rats. Active compound (FIIc) was orally administered to group C and Pioglitazone to group D at a dose of 20 mg/kg of body weight for 6 weeks respectively. Serum was separated for the estimation of Adiponectin and TNF alpha at week 0 and week 6 of the study. Real time mRNA expression of GLUT-4, GLUT-8 and Kv 1.3 potassium channel was measured and compared between healthy and diabetic control rats. Expression of GLUT-4, GLUT-8 and Kv 1.3 potassium channel was also measured at protein level through Immunohistochemistry and compared between healthy and diabetic controls. Results: After treatment with FIIc for 6 weeks there was a 1.28 folds increase in GLUT-4 mRNA expression in skeletal muscles and 2.67 folds increase in GLUT-8 mRNA expression in liver tissues of group C rats as compared to group B rats. However, Kv 1.3 potassium channel mRNA expression was found to be at par among the four study groups. TNF alpha levels were found to be significantly decreased in group C rats as compared to group B. A slight increase in serum Adiponectin level was observed in group C as compared to group B, which was found to be statistically insignificant. Conclusion: FIIc treatment for 6 weeks significantly increases the expression of GLUT-4, GLUT-8 mRNA expression in liver and skeletal muscles leading to increased peripheral insulin sensitivity.","PeriodicalId":15597,"journal":{"name":"Journal of diabetes & metabolism","volume":"68 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83645383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Survey of Knowledge and Awareness Concerning Different Aspects in Adult Diabetic Patients in Taif City","authors":"Niveen M. Daoud, Mashael M Al-Otaibi, Noof M Al-Qethami","doi":"10.35248/2155-6156.19.10.837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2155-6156.19.10.837","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Awareness of various aspects of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is essential for the prevention, management and control of the disease. Saudi Arabia is one of the most countries have the highest incidence of diabetes. To our knowledge, this was the first research evaluating the level of awareness in a diabetic population of Taif. In this study, we assessed the awareness of DM among diabetic patients attending in the hospitals and diabetes clinics, in Taif city, KSA. Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted in Taif city from December 2017 to February 2018. An attached questionnaire was filled after a personal interview, having 11 items. The correct answers were marked as aware and incorrect as unaware and made conversions to a percentage. Total 210 diabetic patients were assessed. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 22 software. Results: The 210 participants interviewed included 114 females and 96 males, 88 with types 1 DM while 122 with type 2. Approximately 84% of participants have previously counseled (Diabetes education), 77.1% of them have a family history of diabetes. Overall sufficient awareness regarding diabetes mellitus was reported among the majority of the participants with a significant effect of gender and type in some specific items. Conclusion: This is the first study examining the knowledge and awareness of diabetes among the only diabetic population in KSA. Our data conducted that the diabetic population at Taif city have enough general awareness of DM regarding complication, sugar monitoring, safe fasting, life style modifications, and gestational diabetes which reflect the very well health care services provided at Taif.","PeriodicalId":15597,"journal":{"name":"Journal of diabetes & metabolism","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81294236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlations between Glycosylated Hemoglobin and Lipid Profiles in Newly-Diagnosed Type II Diabetics","authors":"Rao Sn, Kuldeep Gb","doi":"10.35248/2155-6156.19.10.836","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2155-6156.19.10.836","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Type II diabetes is a chronic disease which results from aspects such as complex inheritance interaction, obesity, and sedentary lifestyle. In India, diabetes is turning into an epidemic as currently, more than 62 million individuals suffer from the disease. To our knowledge, very few studies have evaluated the correlation between lipid profiles and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in newly diagnosed type II diabetes patients with hypertension. The early detection of lipid abnormalities in these patients will help prevent the cardiovascular outcomes. Objectives: To identify patterns of dyslipidemia among newly diagnosed type II diabetes mellitus (DM) patients with and without hypertension in Bengaluru (urban and rural) in Karnataka (South India); and to identify correlations between HbA1c levels and lipid profiles. Methods: This was a cross sectional study involving 194 individuals in Bengaluru, India from the period of April to December 2017. Demographics, lifestyle habits and clinical features were analyzed for the presence of any interrelationship with the occurrence of diabetic dyslipidemia. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Tukey’s post hoc tests, Chi square and correlation studies were used to establish a significant level of association between the study parameters. Results: Among non-diabetics, prediabetics, diabetics and diabetics with hypertension, there were significant differences in lipid profiles, as well as levels total cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), very low-density lipoprotein, ratios of cholesterol to HDL and ratios of LDL to HDL. Positive correlations were observed between HbA1c and fasting blood sugar (FBS), and random blood sugar (RBS) in non-diabetics; whereas, in prediabetics, the RBS highly correlated with HbA1c and negatively correlated with HDL. In diabetics, both fasting and random blood sugar highly correlated with HbA1c, however, no significant correlation was observed between HbA1c and any of the tested lipid profiles in non-diabetics and diabetics. A strong correlation between HbA1c and lipid profiles was established. Conclusion: An overweight diabetic man with poor glycaemic control, over the age of 46 years, having a desk job or working as a driver or businessman, with abdominal obesity, leading a sedentary lifestyle and having habits such as alcohol drinking and smoking is at high risk for developing hypertension.","PeriodicalId":15597,"journal":{"name":"Journal of diabetes & metabolism","volume":"96 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87323204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adiponectin, IL-6 and hsCRP: Interplay of Inflammation with Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes in Indian Population","authors":"D. Zohmangaihi, Sb Sharma, S. Madhu","doi":"10.35248/2155-6156.19.10.822","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2155-6156.19.10.822","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To identify the association if any, of inflammatory markers (IL-6 and hsCRP) with adiponectin in obese diabetic, non-obese diabetic, obese non-diabetic and healthy (control) people in North Indian population. Materials and Methods: Total 88 volunteers were distributed in 4 groups: obese diabetic, non-obese diabetic, obese non-diabetic and healthy controls. The blood chemistry parameters were analyzed and serum adiponectin, IL-6 and hsCRP levels were measured by ELISA. Result: Significant reduction was observed in serum adiponectin levels in obese and diabetic group as compared with healthy population. Similarly, significant increase was observed in IL-6 and hs CRP levels in obese and diabetic groups compared with healthy control group. Conclusion: From our data it can be summarized that there is a significant change in both adiponectin (reduction) and IL-6 and hsCRP (increase) levels in obese diabetic, non-obese diabetic and obese non-diabetic people in Indian population. The result of our study showed that adiponectin levels are reduced in obesity and type-2 diabetes, and there is a reciprocal association of hsCRP and IL-6 in the above conditions.","PeriodicalId":15597,"journal":{"name":"Journal of diabetes & metabolism","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83766547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Serum Leptin with Beta Cell Dysfunction and Insulin Resistance among Different Subgroups of Pre-Diabetes","authors":"I. Hossain, M. R. Shah, F. Jebunnesa, L. Ali","doi":"10.4172/2155-6156.1000828","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6156.1000828","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Accumulating evidence indicates that various adipokines released from adipose tissue have been involved in abnormal insulin signalling in obesity and type 2 diabetes. However, it is not entirely clear whether these alterations in serum adipocyte concentrations are already present in the pre-diabetic state. The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that elevated levels of serum lepin an index of insulin sensitivity is independently associated with insulinemic indices among different subgroups of prediabetes. Materials: Under an observational cross-sectional design a total of 116 Control subjects (M/F, 58/58) and 99 prediabetic subjects (55/44) consisting of 49 Impaired Fasting Glucose (IFG) and 50 Impaired Glucose Tolerance (IGT) were investigated. Serum glucose was measured by glucose-oxidase method. Serum insulin and leptin were measured by ELISA techniques. Insulin secretory function (HOMA%B), insulin sensitivity (HOMA%S) and Homeostasis Model Assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were calculated from Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA). Results: Compared to the Control, IFG and IGT subjects had significantly higher levels of serum leptin (ng/mL) (p<0.001) and HOMA-IR (p=0.001) respectively. However, compared to their Control counterparts, IFG and IGT subjects had significantly lower levels of HOMA%B (p=0.001) and HOMA%S (p=0.010). On binary logistic regression analysis, serum leptin (OR (95% CI): 1.074 (1.019-1.131), p=0.007) and reduced HOMA%S (OR (95% CI): 0.972 (0.950-0.995), p=0.015) were found to be significant determinants of IGT group after adjusting the effects of WC and TG. In the same analysis, serum leptin (1.109 (1.054-1.167), p<0.001) and reduced HOMA%B (0.966 (0.951-0.981), p<0.001) were found to be significant predictors of IFG group after adjusting the effects of WC and TG. Conclusion: Elevated levels of serum leptin may have an association with the state of IFG and IGT of prediabetes and this association, in turn, is mediated by insulin secretory dysfunction and reduced insulin sensitivity during this disorder.","PeriodicalId":15597,"journal":{"name":"Journal of diabetes & metabolism","volume":"16 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74189937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Adding Vildagliptin to Metformin on Antioxidant State, Inflammatory, and Atherothrombotic Markers in Newly Diagnosed Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus","authors":"B. Mahboub, S. El-Haggar, Yasser M. Abdelraouf, G. Elazab","doi":"10.35248/2155-6156.19.10.834","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2155-6156.19.10.834","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of adding vildagliptin to metformin therapy on major CV risk parameters in newly diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: Forty three eligible patients were prospectively randomized to receive combined vildagliptin/ metformin therapy or metformin alone. Anthropometric measurements, blood pressure (BP), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), lipid profile, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs- CRP), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were assessed at baseline and after 12 weeks. Results: Forty patients completed the study (20 in each group). At baseline, no significant differences were observed between groups in all studied parameters. After 12 weeks, combined vildagliptin/metformin showed significant reductions in HbA1c (Δ change: -2.68 ± 2.24 versus -1.37 ± 1.8%, P=0.043, respectively), systolic BP (Δ change: -12.5 ± 13.03 versus -3.75 ± 11.57 mmHg, p=0.012, respectively), diastolic BP (Δ change: -10.25 ± 9.39 versus -2.5 ± 9.39 mmHg, p=0.009, respectively), triglycerides (Δ change: -9.7 ± 18.48 versus 10.35 ± 27.36 mg/dl, p=0.037, respectively), and PAI-1(Δ change: -7.93 ± 17.11 versus 3.9 ± 19.39 ng/ml, p=0.048, respectively) as compared to metformin monotherapy. No significant differences were observed between both groups regarding their effects on other studied parameters. Conclusion: Adding vildagliptin to metformin resulted in a decrease in PAI-1, systolic and diastolic BP, triglycerides, and HbA1c with no significant changes in hs-CRP, TAC, and other lipid markers.","PeriodicalId":15597,"journal":{"name":"Journal of diabetes & metabolism","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81189695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Efficacy and Safety of Teneligliptin and Metformin versus Glimepiride and Metformin in Patients of Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus Uncontrolled with Monotherapy","authors":"N. Hans","doi":"10.35248/2155-6156.19.10.829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2155-6156.19.10.829","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is one of the most common non-communicable diseases associated with short term and long term complications. Material and methods: A total of 60 patients were included in the study divided into 2 groups of 30 patients each. Group 1 patients were given Teneligliptin 10 mg once a day and metformin 500 mg twice a day after meals for 12 weeks. Group 2 patients were given Glimepiride 1 mg once a day and metformin 500 mg twice a day after meals for 12 weeks. After the written consent, history, clinical examination, biochemical investigations including FBG, PPBG, HbA1c and lipid profile were done. Repeat FBG and PPBG were done every week upto 12 weeks. HbA1c and lipid profile were done at the beginning and at the end of study. Results: Change in FBG was more in group 1 as compared to group 2. On comparison of reduction in change in PPBG in patients of group 1 versus group 2, there was a highly significant reduction in group 1. Change in HbA1c, total cholesterol levels, triglyceride levels, HDL and LDL was more in group 1 than in group 2. Conclusion: Teneligliptin and metformin caused a greater improvement in glycaemic and lipid profile as compared to Glimepiride and metformin. Thus teneligliptin is more efficacious than glimepiride.","PeriodicalId":15597,"journal":{"name":"Journal of diabetes & metabolism","volume":"53 2 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77664417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}