Journal of diabetes & metabolism最新文献

{"title":"Milieu of Diabetes in the 2nd Decade of 21st Century","authors":"S. Suneja, Yvonne Christian, N. Chandra","doi":"10.4172/2155-6156.1000804","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6156.1000804","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes mellitus, a multifactorial pathology, is a growing health problem in developed and developing countries of the modern world. Genetic, ethnic, health, dietary habit, sedentary potential, gestational abnormality in addition to other environmental stress factors are the potential stimuli for precipitating diabetic patho-physiology. The chemistry of diabetes and its milieu are multi-directional and cross-connectable. Diabetes is inter-related to hypertension, obesity, atherosclerosis, cardio-arterial disease, stroke and cancer. All these diseases can be transformed from its own pathology to other through some common axle which is still unknown. Advances in modern medicine and biotechnology are in prudent use in global research to strip up the cellular mechanism and its exploitation to bring remedies of these metabolic diseases. The probes of genetic engineering and drug modelling to find less side effects with the advents of information technology, abolition of abnormal genetic messages by DNA/RNA interference and organ grafting with regenerative prostheses by stem cell exploration are among some of the delicate devices to encounter the enmities orchestrated by the inter-locks of these dreadful diseases. This review sieves the prevailing scenario of the disease and its interventions standing in the house of advancements in second decade of this 21st century.","PeriodicalId":15597,"journal":{"name":"Journal of diabetes & metabolism","volume":"56 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91548978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hospitalisation Due to Heart Failure with Gliptins and Universal Label Change (FDA)-Still Justified? A Meta-Analysis of 5 Cardiovascular Outcomes Trials","authors":"S. Ghosal, A. Singh","doi":"10.4172/2155-6156.1000812","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6156.1000812","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The addition of gliptins in the management of type 2 diabetes was a welcome addition due to its neutral impact on weight and lower risk of hypoglycemia in addition to moderate anti-hyperglycemic effects. They were also the first anti-hyperglycemic group exposed to the scrutiny of cardiovascular safety assessed through cardiovascular outcomes trial. The disparate signals emanating from the different CVOTs along with recent FDA label change (hospitalisation due to heart failure), prompted us in performing this meta-analysis.Materials and methods: After conducting an extensive database search, we selected 5 CVOTs for this metaanalysis based on a pre-specified set of inclusion criteria. Sufficient caution was exercised in analyzing data heterogeneity and detecting publication bias.Results: The meta-analysis of the 5 CVOTs with respect to hospitalization due to heart failure resulted in a risk ratio of 1.013 with a 95% CI of 0.857-1.197. The effect size analysed with the random effect model was statistically non-significant (P=0.879).Conclusion: This meta-analysis did not find a statistically significant increased risk for hHF in patients with high cardiovascular risk while on a gliptin.","PeriodicalId":15597,"journal":{"name":"Journal of diabetes & metabolism","volume":"41 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85123356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Initial Intensive Insulin Therapy Followed by Sitagliptin on ? Cell Function in Patients with New Onset Type 2 Diabetes","authors":"Hua Xu, Huan Zhou, Xiang-yu Teng, Tzuchun Lin, R. Feng, Qianjing Liu, Huiying Qiu, C. Rayner, Jing Ma, Wei Liu","doi":"10.4172/2155-6156.1000803","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6156.1000803","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: It is established that early insulin therapy can improve both β cell function and glycaemic control in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients. The dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, sitagliptin, can preserve or even increase the number of β cells in animal models of diabetes. Therefore, we aimed to determine whether treatment with sitagliptin after initial intensive insulin therapy would further reduce glycaemia and preserve β cell function in new-onset type 2 diabetes. Methods: 48 Chinese patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (fasting blood glucose concentration 13.42 ± 0.38 mmol/L; HbA1c:11.8 ± 0.2%) were recruited. All received insulin pump therapy for two weeks, followed by sitagliptin (100mg orally once daily) for three months. Arginine tests were performed at baseline, after two-weeks’ insulin pump therapy, and after 3 months’ sitagliptin therapy. Blood samples were collected at baseline, before and after the treatment with sitagliptin for measurement of blood glucose, plasma insulin and lipids profiles. β cell function was evaluated by HOMA-β and the insulin response to arginine. Results: Fasting blood glucose concentrations were substantially decreased after two weeks’ insulin therapy (P<0.01), and were further reduced after 3 months’ treatment with sitagliptin (P<0.01). HOMA-β and HOMA-IR were improved (P<0.01) after two weeks’ treatment with insulin, while HOMA-β was further improved after 3 months’ sitagliptin (P<0.01). However, the insulin response to arginine did not increase after two weeks’ insulin therapy, but did improve after sitagliptin (P<0.05). Conclusions: Intensive insulin therapy improved both glycaemic control and β cell function in newly diagnosed Chinese type 2 diabetes, and the improvements in β cell function was preserved after 3 months of sitagliptin.","PeriodicalId":15597,"journal":{"name":"Journal of diabetes & metabolism","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78125000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improved Glycosylated Hemoglobin, Hyperglycemia, and Quality of Life Following Thoracic Hypokyphosis Vertebral Subluxation Correction Using Chiropractic BioPhysics?: A Prospective Case Report","authors":"C. Fedorchuk, D. F. Lightstone, R. Comer, Michael T. Weiner, M. McCoy","doi":"10.4172/2155-6156.1000807","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6156.1000807","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Spinal misalignment increases spinal cord tension and is linked to various health conditions. There has never been a study on the impact of spinal alignment on blood glucose metabolism. This prospective case with long-term follow-up explores spinal alignment and its impact on type 1 diabetes mellitus. Case and methods: A 26-year-old male presented with chronic mid-back pain for 9 years and type 1 diabetes mellitus. Radiography and MRI revealed hypokyphosis of the thoracic spine with spinal misalignment from thoracic vertebrae 6 through 9 consistent with vertebral subluxation. Glycosylated hemoglobin and blood-glucose averages were obtained by continuous glucose monitoring. Back pain, paraspinal muscle tension, and quality of life were also measured. The patient received Chiropractic BioPhysics® care including Mirror Image® corrective spinal exercises, adjustments, and traction. Results: After 36 visits, the patient reported improvement in his mid-back pain and quality of life. Thoracic x-rays showed correction of thoracic hypokyphosis. Surface EMG measuring paraspinal muscle tension improved and continuous glucose monitoring showed dramatic drop in blood glucose immediately following the onset of each visit and improvement in blood glucose averages, percentage of time of blood glucose in a healthy target range, and glycosylated hemoglobin. The patient reported he reduced his basal insulin by approximately half during chiropractic care. Conclusions: This case suggests that correction of thoracic hypokyphosis using Chiropractic BioPhysics® care protocols may result in improved glycosylated hemoglobin and blood glucose metabolism for a person with type 1 diabetes mellitus, as well as back pain, paraspinal muscle tension, and quality of life.","PeriodicalId":15597,"journal":{"name":"Journal of diabetes & metabolism","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91125312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spectrum of Cutaneous Manifestations of Diabetes Mellitus: An Observational Study from a Tertiary Care Hospital","authors":"A. Baidya, A. Halder, P. Datta","doi":"10.4172/2155-6156.1000791","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6156.1000791","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Diabetes leads to destruction all over the body and the skin is not exempted from the attack. The skin shares both the effects of acute gross metabolic derangement and chronic degenerative changes of diabetes, as it are an actively metabolizing tissue.Aims and objectives: To study the clinical patterns of dermatological manifestations of diabetes mellitus in the region of eastern India.Methods: Sixty consecutive subjects with diabetes mellitus having dermatological manifestations and satisfying the inclusion criteria were included in this study.Results: Bacterial infections were the commonest dermatological disorder (46.7%). Different forms of dermatophyte infections and candidiasis were found in 30% and 23.3% subjects, respectively. Diabetic dermopathy or ‘shin spot’ and diabetic foot with gangrenous changes were found in 20% and 13.3% subjects, respectively. Skin manifestations associated with diabetes were the second most common skin disorders and constituted 43.3% (26 out of 60 cases). Pruritus of unknown origin and xerosis (13.3%) were the most common cutaneous abnormalities in the group associated with diabetes. Other cutaneous manifestations, namely pigmented purpuric dermatosis (6.6%), psoriasis (3.3%), vitiligo (6.6%), lichen planus (3.3%), porokeartosis (3.3%), sclerosis, diabetic thick skin and contracture (6.6%), lipodystrophy (3.3%), skin rashes (6.6%) and scar with abscess (1.6%), were very rare.Conclusions: Our study has provided some insights into the pattern of dermatological manifestations in diabetes mellitus. A larger prospective study will further consolidate our main objective that management of diabetes is a holistic one and due attention on skin complications is warranted.","PeriodicalId":15597,"journal":{"name":"Journal of diabetes & metabolism","volume":"46 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85380228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Serum Nonesterified Fatty Acid and Insulin Resistance with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease-A Study from Bangladeshi Prediabetic Subjects","authors":"I. Hossain, M. R. Shah, L. Ali","doi":"10.4172/2155-6156.1000805","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6156.1000805","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15597,"journal":{"name":"Journal of diabetes & metabolism","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89266842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Promising Plant Sources of Anti-Diabetic Micronutrients","authors":"Sharafetdinov Kh Kh, Kiseleva Tl, A. Kochetkova, V. Mazo","doi":"10.4172/2155-6156.1000778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6156.1000778","url":null,"abstract":"Specialized foods (SF) with a predetermined chemical composition play an important role in the prevention of the most common nutrition-related diseases, including type 2 diabetes. Prospective sources of phytonutrients for the development of SF with antidiabetic action are among the priority areas of research in the field of diabetology and dietology. The methodology of search of promising plant sources of phytonutrients for SF included an analysis of the frequency of occurrence of edible and medicinal plants as part of multicomponent antidiabetic formulations traditionally used to treat DM in Russia, Belarus and Ukraine. To realize this goal. more than 200 publications have been analyzed. Of these, only 66 bibliographic sources contained multicomponent antidiabetic prescriptions in the form of collections from dried medicinal plant raw materials and multicomponent juices from fresh medicinal and edible plants. In total in the identified 66 publications, we found 550 multi-component formulations. It is shown that the leader plants are Bilberry - Vaccinium myrtillus L., Common beans-Phaseolus nanus L., Phaseolus vulgaris (L.) Savi var. nana Ach. and Great nettle-Urtica Dioica L. The results of this study can serve as the basis for the development of SF with a predetermined chemical composition using edible and medicinal plants.","PeriodicalId":15597,"journal":{"name":"Journal of diabetes & metabolism","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88684545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Glycemic Index and Glycemic Load of Local Pounded Yam and Instant Pounded Yam Flours Consumed with Telfairia Occidentalis (Ugwu) Soup in Test Human Subjects","authors":"S. A. Emaleku","doi":"10.4172/2155-6156.1000777","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6156.1000777","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The concept of glycemic index (GI) was introduced to classify carbohydrates and carbohydrate-rich diets, which are major staple foods in Nigeria. This study evaluates the glycemic index and glycemic load (GL) of local pounded yam and four instant pounded yam flours consumed with Telfairia occidentalis soup in test human subjects. Materials and Methods: Thirty human subjects were fed with D- glucose on the first day of the experiment and the test meals; local pounded yam (LPY), local pounded yam with Telfairia occidentalis soup (LPYTOS), Ayoola poundo yam with Telfairia occidentalis soup (APYTOS), Endy’s poundo yam with Telfairia occidentalis soup (EPYTOS), Iyan poundo yam with Telfairia occidentalis soup (IPYTOS) and Ola-Ola poundo yam with Telfairia occidentalis soup (OPYTOS) in the 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th and 7th day respectively after 12 h of overnight fasting. The blood glucose levels were determined at 30 min interval for 2 h, and were used to determine the incremental areas under the curves (IUACs) for the various meals, which in turn were used to determine their GIs, while GLs were calculated from GIs. Results: The GIs and GLs (46.00 ± 2.08%; 23.33 ± 1.20%), (48.67 ± 0.88; 25.00 ± 0.58) and (50.33 ± 1.45%; 26.00 ± 0.58%) of APYTOS, IPYTOS and EPYTOS respectively were significantly lesser than the GI and GL of the other meals. Conclusion: APYTOS, IPYTOS and EPYTOS are low GI foods with high GL values, while LPY is a moderate GI food with high GL also although, its’ GL is higher.","PeriodicalId":15597,"journal":{"name":"Journal of diabetes & metabolism","volume":"46 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84150176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Therapeutic Outcome of Antidiabetic Medications in a Tertiary Care Hospital - An Observational Study","authors":"Srivastava, S. Sarkar, J. Jena, Manjushree Mohanty","doi":"10.4172/2155-6156.1000776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6156.1000776","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Diabetes at present appears as a common non communicable disease. It leads to high morbidity and mortality due to the disease itself and its diverse complications like coronary artery disease, hypertension, renal complication, retinal damage, neurological disorders, incidence of stroke at different sites, generalized infections etc. With such multifactorial background of high prevalence , progressive nature of the disease leading to various complications and increase health care cost, availability of multiple therapeutic regimens prescribed on trial and error basis, the treatment is individualized and neither complete nor satisfactory. This study was undertaken to analyze the effect of antidiabetic medications on prognosis of the disease i.e. on glycemic status, lipid profile and on existing co-morbid conditions like hypertension and complications. Methods: This is a prospective, parallel group, comparative observational study. The enrolled patients were then divided as -Pre obese- categorized into a)New diabetic b)Old diabetic (<3 years duration). Obese similarly divided to a)New diabetic b)Old diabetic (<3 years duration). Each category was further divided into four subgroups according to the treatment received a)Monotherapy-only Metformin b)Combination therapy- Metformin another antidiabetic groups, preferably sulfonylureas, alphaglucosidase inhibitors or DPP 4 inhibitors c)Triple therapy (Metformin+SU +Voglibose or Gliptins or Glitazones) d)Insulin with other oral hypoglycemic drugs. Results: In primary outcome, reduction in all glycemic parameters were significant and progressive in both old and new diabetic cases at all follow up visits, both in preobese and obese groups. Analysis of secondary outcome revealed significant reduction in SBP, DBP and ACR in all the four groups while only LDL and Cholesterol were significantly reduced in all preobese and obese groups. Conclusions: The antidiabetic medications prescribed in this hospital, were effective in improving the glycemic status, blood pressure, lipid profile and renal status of all patients under the study.","PeriodicalId":15597,"journal":{"name":"Journal of diabetes & metabolism","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79009595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antidiabetic Activity of Administration of Aqueous Extract of Berberis holstii","authors":"N. Kimani, Njangiru Ik, E. Njagi, G. Orinda","doi":"10.4172/2155-6156.1000774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6156.1000774","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes mellitus in Kenya is of public health concern since it causes significant mortality and complications that are long term. Though conventional drugs are used in the management of diabetes mellitus they are expensive, unavailable and also have numerous side effects. Berberis are medicinally important and are used for various purposes. Berberis holstii has traditionally been used in the management of diabetes; however, the efficacy of this herb needs to be evaluated scientifically. The study aimed at determining the in vivo antidiabetic effects of root extracts of Berberis holstii in alloxaninduced diabetic male mice. In this study, eight groups of animals with five mice each were used. The reductions in blood glucose relative to their initial values were determined after oral and intraperitoneal administration of 25, 48.4, 93.5, 180.9, and 350 mg/kg body weight. Standard hypoglycemic used to compare results were 200 mg/kg body weight (4.6 mg of glibenclamide) for oral route and 1 IU/kg body weight dose of insulin for an intraperitoneal route. The levels of glucose were measured at the start of the experiment and repeated at intervals of 2 hours up to 10 hours and at 24 hours after administering the drug. Significant (ρ<0.05) reduction in blood sugar relative to their initial values was determined for all treated diabetic groups at the end of the experiment. The composition of phytochemicals was determined using standard procedures. The results were analyzed using ANOVA and post- ANOVA. The results showed that the plant extract at 25, 48.4, 93.5, 180.9, and 350 mg/kg body weight administered effectively reduced blood glucose levels (up to 30% reduction) which could be associated with the phytochemicals present which possesses antidiabetic activities. The extracts contained tannins, flavonoids, saponins, phenols and alkaloids. The study, therefore, recommends the use of Berberis holstii in the management of diabetes mellitus.","PeriodicalId":15597,"journal":{"name":"Journal of diabetes & metabolism","volume":"205 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77033003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}