Journal of diabetes & metabolism最新文献

{"title":"Effects of Short-Term Exercise in Overweight/Obese Adults with Insulin Resistance or Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials","authors":"Tshidi Thaane, A. Motala, A. Mckune","doi":"10.4172/2155-6156.1000816","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6156.1000816","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Chronic exercise training is associated with improvements in body composition and/aerobic fitness. This presents a challenge to study effects of exercise in isolation. Metabolic effects of short-term exercise training (≤ 12 weeks) are unclear, with studies reporting improvements or no change in insulin sensitivity and/or glucose control. This review systemically examined randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to establish whether short-term exercise training improves insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes (diabetes). Methods: Following the PRISMA guidelines, a systematic review was conducted on nine electronic databases (BMC Endocrine Disorders, Clinical Key, Cochrane Library, EBSChost, PubMed, Scopus, Sabinet_SA Publications, The Lancet and Web of Science) to identify randomized controlled human trials (2005-2018) examining effects of short-term exercise training (≤ 12 weeks) in overweight/obese adults with insulin resistance or diabetes. Search terms included: insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, short-term, exercise or energy expenditure and randomized controlled trial. Studies were only included if they provided sufficient data on: insulin sensitivity, glycemic control, body composition and aerobic fitness. Results: From 374 articles, three met the inclusion criteria. Of these, two prescribed moderate intensity training (MIT); rate of perceived exertion (RPE) 12-13 and 60% lactic threshold (LT) for four and twelve weeks, respectively while one prescribed vigorous exercise training at 70% VO2max for seven days. Duration of exercise sessions was 40-60 minutes. Twelve weeks of MIT was associated with improved glycemic control vs. no change in the 7-d and four weeks studies. Seven days of vigorous training was associated with greater improvement in insulin sensitivity, 44.4% vs. no change in the four- and twelve-weeks studies. Conclusion: Short-term exercise appears to improve insulin sensitivity and glucose control independent of body fat loss or gains in aerobic fitness. Vigorous exercise training was associated with superior improvements in insulin sensitivity. More RCTs are needed to confirm these findings.","PeriodicalId":15597,"journal":{"name":"Journal of diabetes & metabolism","volume":"45 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85419072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Cure of Coronary Artery Disease by Removing Atheromatous Plaques from Coronary Arteries in a Diabetic Patient","authors":"Anis Ahmad","doi":"10.4172/2155-6156.1000814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6156.1000814","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: A cure for coronary artery disease is desperately needed as more people die of this disease. The coronary disease can be cured by removal of all atheromatous plaques by pharmacological intervention. This pharmacological treatment can also prevent acute myocardial infarction, unstable angina, chronic stable angina, CABG, PTCA and cardiac death. Case presentation: The patient is 75 years old, who had CABG and PTCA and suffered from daily chest pain which was relieved with nitroglycerin. Also had pain in both upper arms and both forearm several hours a day and this arm pain did not respond to nitroglycerin. She suffered with coughing wheezing and shortness of breath. No treatment helped her. Chest X-Ray showed cardiomegaly. EKG showed right bundle branch block. The coronary angiogram of 2013 showed advanced obstructive disease involving LAD and left circumflex artery with disease of the grafts. The right coronary artery was completely blocked with partially blocked graft. The patient was given standard treatment of coronary artery disease and for other conditions she suffered. The medications given for the removal of atheroma from coronary arteries were Carvedilol, Metformin, statin and Evolocumab. The patient was symptom free in 3 months. A repeat coronary angiogram in 2018 showed that LAD, left circumflex and right coronary arteries and their branches had no disease and no obstructive lesion. The graft to right to the right coronary artery was open and other grafts remained unchanged. Conclusions: 1) The atherosclerotic coronary artery disease can be cured. 2) Primary and secondary prevention of coronary artery disease can be achieved. 3) Intractable angina can be cured. 4) Stroke and TIA can be prevented. 5) Totally occluded coronary arteries can be opened.","PeriodicalId":15597,"journal":{"name":"Journal of diabetes & metabolism","volume":"20 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85811839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Hypertension and Its Management Pattern among Type 2 Diabetic Patients Attending, Adama Hospital Medical College, Adama, Ethiopia","authors":"A. Dedefo, Abdulkadir Galgalo, Godana Jarso, Abdulmalik A. Mohammed","doi":"10.4172/2155-6156.1000808","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6156.1000808","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15597,"journal":{"name":"Journal of diabetes & metabolism","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79205448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Risk Factors of Diabetic Retinopathy in Xuzhou, China: A Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"Jianquan Sun, P. Lou, Pan Zhang, Yan Shang, Jian Wang, G. Chang","doi":"10.4172/2155-6156.1000794","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6156.1000794","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The prevalence of diabetic retinopathy is not well studied in the Chinese diabetic population.This study investigated the prevalence and risk factors of diabetic retinopathy (DR) among primary care patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Xuzhou, China.Methods: 1578 Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who were selected with a multi-stage stratified cluster method, retinal photographs were taken of both eyes. The levels of DR were assessed using fundus photography and the Diabetic Retinopathy Disease Severity Scale. Demographic and physiological characteristics were recorded. Participants completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and the Zung Self-Rating Anxiety and Depression Scales. Multiple logistic regression was used to evaluate the factors associated with DR.Results: The rate of DR was 28.6%; 25.1% of patients (396/1578) had non-proliferative DR and 3.5% of patients (55/1578) had proliferative DR. Logistic regression analyses showed that HbA1c levels, diabetes duration, hypertension, smoking, anxiety, depression, poor sleep quality, and exercise were independently associated with DR.Conclusions: DR is common in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in China. Screening tests for DR should be incorporated into health care settings in China. Patients who have been registered for a long time, or have poor glycemic control, concomitant hypertension, psychological disorders, or sleep disorders, should be considered for early screening of DR.","PeriodicalId":15597,"journal":{"name":"Journal of diabetes & metabolism","volume":"23 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87182432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visual Impairment among Adult 50 Years and Above in Malaysia: Findings from National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) 2015","authors":"N. M. Kasim, Noor Ani Ahmad, Mohamad Aznuddin Abd Razak, Norazizah Ibrahim Wong, Maisarah Omar, C. Ying, M. Yusof, R. Sooryanarayana, F. B. A. Aziz, R. Jamaluddin, Hj. Tahir bin Aris","doi":"10.4172/2155-6156.1000801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6156.1000801","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Visual impairment and blindness are common problems in older adult of Malaysian and the number of people affected is likely to increase as the population age increased. Visual impairment can be described as any chronic visual deficit that impairs everyday functioning.This study aims to determine the association of visual impairment with diabetes mellitus among adults in Malaysia. Method: Data was analyzed on adults aged ≥ 50 years from the National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) 2015, a cross-sectional, nationwide population-based survey covering information on socio-demographic profile, diabetes mellitus and visual domain from the locally validated Washington Group Short Questionnaire. Results: The overall prevalence of diabetes patients had difficulty in seeing was 26.1% (95% CI: 24.2, 28.0). Elderly Malaysians was noted to have higher proportion of visual impairment 27.8% (95% CI: 25.6-30.1) compared to other age group. From that, we selected the respondents aged 50 and above and the result showed 32.5% (95% CI: 30.76, 34.37) of them having visual impairment. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine factors associated with visual impairment and showed it was significantly associated with diabetes mellitus [aOR = 1.8, 95%CI: 1.7-1.9], more female visually impaired [aOR = 1.1, 95%-CI: 1.01.2] and most among elderly [aOR = 5.3, 95% CI: 4.4-6.4], other bumiputra [aOR = 1.9, 95%-CI: 1.6-2.1], widow/widower/divorcee [aOR = 1.4, 95%-CI: 1.1-1.7] and rural [aOR = 1.0,95%-CI: 1.0-1.1]. Conclusion: National screening and educational programs were needed to reduce visual impairment and risk of blindness among diabetes patient. The findings may help increase the awareness of visual impairment by general public and policy makers as well.","PeriodicalId":15597,"journal":{"name":"Journal of diabetes & metabolism","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84182851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screening and Diagnosis of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Using 75-g Oral Glucose Tolerance Test Following the WHO, ADA, and IADPSG Criteria","authors":"M. Pineda-Cortel, Marlo Eduardo M Manalo, Russel Ray C Canivel, Reynaldo S Matias, A. Dizon, Manuel Nikko S Bacani, Juan Severino B Dalmacio","doi":"10.4172/2155-6156.1000799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6156.1000799","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: We aim to compare the World Health Organization (WHO), American Diabetes Association (ADA), and the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG) criteria to diagnose gestational diabetes mellitus in Metro Manila, Philippines.Materials and methods: We used a retrospective cohort study design and reviewed 75-g oral glucose tolerance test results of 919 pregnant women at selected hospital-based and free-standing laboratories in Metro Manila. We used three criteria for diagnosing GDM namely, WHO (fasting: 7.0 mmol/L; 2-hour value: 11.1 mmol/L), ADA (fasting: 5.28 mmol/L; 1-hour: 10 mmol/L; 8.61 mmol/L), or IADPSG (fasting: 5.11 mmol/L; 1 hour: 10 mmol/L; 2-hour value: 8.5 mmol/L) and computed and compared their diagnostic sensitivity, diagnostic specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV).Results: Following the WHO criteria, we found 48 GDM patients; using ADA criteria, 150 have GDM; and using IADPSG criteria, 269 women have GDM. Applying the IADPSG criteria to the population would increase the rate of GDM from 5.22% (WHO) to 16.32% (ADA) to 29.27%. Giving the highest prevalence rate, we used IADPSG criteria as the standard to compute for diagnostic sensitivity, diagnostic specificity, NPV and PPV. Results showed that the diagnostic sensitivity of OGTT using ADA criteria is 55.97%, which is higher than using the WHO criteria (17.91%). ADA criteria also has a higher NPV of 84.66% as compared with WHO criteria NPV of 74.74%. In terms of diagnostic specificity, both ADA and WHO criteria have 100% specificity.Conclusions: The use of IADPSG criteria instead of ADA and WHO criteria would result in a considerable increase in the prevalence rate of GDM, which would lessen cases of misdiagnosis. Further, standardizing the criteria for diagnosis will prevent pregnancy complications due to GDM. A single global criterion for the diagnosis of GDM is a must to strengthen its diagnosis and protect both the mother and the baby from complications.","PeriodicalId":15597,"journal":{"name":"Journal of diabetes & metabolism","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83808138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Salivary Glucose Monitoring Versus Interstitial Glucose Monitoring in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus","authors":"M. Ismail, A. Ibrahim, Ahmed Medhat Gamal","doi":"10.4172/2155-6156.1000802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6156.1000802","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15597,"journal":{"name":"Journal of diabetes & metabolism","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87545080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Retrospective Study of Medication Utilization Pattern and Clinical Outcome in Middle-Aged and Older Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Qatar","authors":"Navas Nadukk, iyil, H. A. Hamad, Noorudeen Kaladi kunnummal, M. Ramadan, Maryam Al Obaidely, H. Saleh, Mansoor Ali, Shirmila Syamala, F. Umminiyattle, A. Abdelghany, S. Valappil, Shafi Khan, E. M. Sulaiti","doi":"10.4172/2155-6156.1000815","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6156.1000815","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is generally a costly illness and related to significant mortality and morbidity. In spite of this, there is only little information available on clinical outcome and ‘real-world’ medication utilization patterns for middle age and older patients with T2DM. Therefore, the main aim of the study is to evaluate the Medication Utilization Pattern and Clinical outcomes of T2DM for middle age and older patients. Methods: A retrospective longitudinal study was conducted for a period of six months after getting approval from a medical research center (IRB No #15175) in an out-patient department of a tertiary hospital in Doha, Qatar. The outpatients with T2DM, around 60 years of age were included in the study. The sample size for the study was 150 middle-aged and older patients from a total of 800 patients who attended Rumailah hospital Geriatric outpatient clinic during the study period. The gathered data was stored with identifier code in the shared drive for 2 years after the completion of study for verification purpose and future studies if any; it was shared with all internal collaborators. The gathered data was analyzed using SPSS v2.0 (Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20 Inc. USA). The method for the analysis was continuous variable analysis using student t-test or one-way ANOVA, for skewed continuous data, a non-parametric Mann-Whitney test, and categorical variables were compared using chi-square test and the associations between DM, socio-demographic and clinical indicators were evaluated. Results: The results show that the combination of anti-diabetic therapy was more used than monotherapy. The study found a slight but significant positive correlation between age and HbA1C in addition to Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS) and Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels. Under different treatment regimens, a majority of 118 older patients were using Metformin; for insulin, the most commonly used treatment regimen is Glargine Insulin; with regards to anti-hypertensive, Amlodipine is the most prescribed medication for patients followed by Beta Blocker, as Metoprolol. The use of a combination of Metformin/Sitagliptin or Vildagliptin showed higher Non-Insulin Anti-Diabetic (NIAD) drug prescriptions as per the target attained between HbA1c which was 7.0 to 8.0% in healthy older patients. Conclusion: In a large cohort of patients with DM, an overall satisfactory quotient was achieved in treatment quality; however, applicable proportions of patients had below or above the target range of recommended HbA1C values. The fundamental treatment patterns varied from general diabetes with an extraordinarily higher percentage and more than 50 percentage getting insulin-based therapies which were related to high probability of HbA1C levels >7%.","PeriodicalId":15597,"journal":{"name":"Journal of diabetes & metabolism","volume":"50 1","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85697318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Choosing the Best Oral Diabetic Agents in T2 Diabetes Mellitus-Physicians Challenge","authors":"B. Mohanty","doi":"10.4172/2155-6156.1000797","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6156.1000797","url":null,"abstract":"The therapeutic armamentarium of oral diabetic agents has expanded its horizon from sulfonylureas in 1995 the only drug available for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus at that time to eleven classes of oral diabetes agents at present ranging from biguanides, thiazolidinediones, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, alpha glucosidase inhibitors and sodium-glucose cotransporter (SGLT2) inhibitors. Despite the availability of so many options glycemic control remains suboptimal posing a real challenge for the clinicians to choose the best amongst them in treating type 2 diabetes mellitus. Before choosing the drugs it is important to know the recommendations of glycemic goals in adults. A reasonable glycosylated hemoglobin (A1C) goal in adult is <7%. However all glycemic goals should be individualized and customized. Setting individual glycemic goals needs consideration of several factors like risk of hypoglycemia and other adverse effects of drugs, disease duration, age and life expectancy of patients and other individual patient considerations like patients attitude resources and support system. Till today our approach towards diabetes management is GLUCOCENTRIC. The key component being how to achieve glycemic control with minimal side effects. While choosing drugs the factors considered are its efficacy (A1c reduction), risk of hypoglycaemia, effect on weight and other adverse effects, cost, ease of administration and patient’s preference. A patient-centered approach is of paramount importance while choosing the pharmacological agents rather that establishing a universally accepted algorithm as this will definitely improve the compliance. The advantages and disadvantages of each class of agents help the practitioners to choose the best options.","PeriodicalId":15597,"journal":{"name":"Journal of diabetes & metabolism","volume":"9 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84974722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Case Report: Emphysematous Pyelonephritis Triggers Diabetic Ketoacidosis in a 60 Years Old Patient","authors":"Gerasimos Kapellos","doi":"10.4172/2155-6156.1000813","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6156.1000813","url":null,"abstract":"The report describes the case of a 60 years old female patient admitted in our emergency department with main complaints of abdominal pain, malaise, fever and oliguria the last three days. The primary blood samples investigations revealed leukocytosis, acute renal function impairment and increased serum glucose. The patient is known with diabetes type II for the last fifteen years, has been in treatment with metformin and basic insulin therapy but the disease remains not well controlled. Further laboratory investigation and physical examination were consistent with the diagnosis of diabetic ketoacidosis. The urine examination showed pyuria leading to the diagnosis of a urinary tract infection. The abdominal XRAY was without abnormal findings but in the ultrasound and abdominal CT, a few renal parenchymatic lesions have been observed, more clearly seen on the CT. The presence of air within the tissue was consistent with a very rare and life-threatening infection, known as emphysematous pyelonephritis. The patient was put on the necessary treatment.","PeriodicalId":15597,"journal":{"name":"Journal of diabetes & metabolism","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75380835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}