Journal of Diabetes Research最新文献

{"title":"Transcriptomics and Proteomics Reveal That TLPW Acupuncture Ameliorates Proteinuria in Diabetic Kidney Disease Model Rats by Suppressing Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition via the DPP4/SDF-1<i>α</i>/TGF-<i>β</i>/Smad Signalling Axis.","authors":"Yue Ji, Jiya Sun, Zihao Zhuang, Yunming Xiao, Shipian Li, Zhilong Zhang, Xu Wang, Xinju Li","doi":"10.1155/jdr/2379872","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/jdr/2379872","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ten male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to serve as the negative control (NC) group, and 50 others were maintained on a high-fat diet (HFD). After 18 weeks of feeding, the HFD group received streptozotocin (STZ) intraperitoneally to establish a DKD model. HFD group rats (24-h urinary protein excretion rate ≥ 30 mg) were randomly divided into model (DKD), tiaolipiwei acupuncture (DKD + Acu, acupuncture for 30 min), AMD3100 (DKD + AMD3100, AMD3100 intraperitoneal injection) and tiaolipiwei acupuncture + AMD3100 group (DKD + Acu + AMD3100, AMD3100 intraperitoneal injection combined with tiaolipiwei acupuncture for 30 min) groups. The intervention lasted 4 weeks, and body weight and random blood glucose levels were recorded for each group before treatment each week. Postintervention (at 4 weeks), urine was collected to assess urinary protein-creatinine ratios, 24-h urinary protein contents and urinary podocyte injury-related enzyme levels. Renal cortex tissues from three to five rats in the control, DKD and DKD + Acu groups were sent for transcriptomic and proteomic analyses, and renal tissues were collected for analyses of pathological indicators and mechanisms. Twenty-four-hour Upro, 24-h urinary Spondin 2 (SPON2) levels, UACRs and random serum creatinine, urea nitrogen and blood glucose levels in the DKD + Acu group exhibited significantly reduced levels compared to the DKD group (#<i>p</i> < 0.05). According to the transcriptomic 2.2.2s and proteomic results, immunofluorescence or western blotting was used to assess podocyte-specific marker expression levels (nephrin, podocin and CD2AP), epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers (desmin, Fsp1 and <i>α</i>-SMA) and DPP-4/SDF-1<i>α</i>/TGF-<i>β</i>/Smad signalling axis components; nephrin, podocin and CD2AP expression significantly elevated (#<i>p</i> < 0.05 or ##<i>p</i> < 0.01) and desmin, Fsp1 and <i>α</i>-SMA expression greatly decreased (#<i>p</i> < 0.05 or ##<i>p</i> < 0.01) in the DKD + Acu group. Tiaolipiwei acupuncture regulated the Dpp-4/SDF-1<i>α</i>/TGF-<i>β</i>/Smad signalling axis (#<i>p</i> < 0.05 or ##<i>p</i> < 0.01), but this effect was reduced by AMD3100 (@<i>p</i> < 0.05 or @@<i>p</i> < 0.01). Tiaolipiwei acupuncture modulates the DPP-4/SDF-1<i>α</i>/TGF-<i>β</i>/Smad signalling axis to inhibit podocyte EMT and alleviate podocyte and renal injury, ultimately ameliorating proteinuria in DKD model rats.</p>","PeriodicalId":15576,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes Research","volume":"2025 ","pages":"2379872"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12507495/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145258325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disease Burden of Type 2 Diabetes Among Young Adults in Asia: An Analysis From the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.","authors":"Ruoting Wang, Gregory Y H Lip, Yingxin Liu, Ningyu Qi, Xuerui Bai, Lehana Thabane, Guowei Li, Harriette G C Van Spall","doi":"10.1155/jdr/5521613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/jdr/5521613","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Asia is experiencing the most significant and rapid increase in Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) globally. Previous studies have indicated a trend toward early onset of T2DM in this region. However, the burden of T2DM among young adults in Asia remains unclear. This study is aimed at exploring the burden of T2DM and its attributable risk factors in Asian adults aged 15-39 years from 1990 to 2021, which could generate insights into our further understanding and thus prevention and management of T2DM in this population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from Global Burden of Disease 2021 was used to estimate the trends in age-standardized incidence, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and mortality of T2DM among young adults in Asia from 1990 to 2021. We analyzed the association between country development level and T2DM burden and investigated the attributable risk factors for T2DM in 2021.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 2021, total T2DM incidence, prevalence, DALYs, and deaths in Asian young adults were estimated to be 4.55, 59.69, 4.14 million, and 12,769, respectively. There was a consistent annual increase in age-standardized incidence (average annual percentage change [AAPC]: 2.39%) and DALYs (AAPC: 2.08%) and a fluctuating temporal trend in mortality (AAPC: 0.34%) between 1990 and 2021. Incidence and DALYs were higher in males than females in most age groups, although females under 20 years experienced higher DALYs compared to males. Mortality was higher in females before 2007 but lower thereafter. In both males and females, high body mass index was by far the primary attributable risk factor, accounting for 54.56% of T2DM DALYs overall.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The burden of T2DM has increased among young adults in Asia, particularly among females under 20 years. Prevention and treatment of obesity should be prioritized to reduce the burden of T2DM in this population in Asia.</p>","PeriodicalId":15576,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes Research","volume":"2025 ","pages":"5521613"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12503994/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145251389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges and Solutions in Advanced Management of Diabetic Foot Infections: A Review of Recent Studies.","authors":"Somaye Rashki, Mohammad Hossein Haddadi, Zeynab Marzhoseyni, Mansoor Khaledi, Mina Yekani, Mahdi Shooraj, Foroogh Neamati","doi":"10.1155/jdr/6715157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/jdr/6715157","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diabetic foot infections (DFIs) represent a significant and prevalent complication of diabetes, contributing to considerable morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs globally. These infections, ranging from mild monomicrobial cases to severe polymicrobial infections, often require hospitalization and can result in limb amputation. The microbial etiology of DFIs is diverse, with common pathogens including <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (<i>S. aureus</i>), <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, and various anaerobes. The pathogenic mechanisms of DFIs are complex, involving peripheral neuropathy, vascular insufficiency, and immune dysfunction, all exacerbated by a hyperglycemic state. Despite advances in treatment, the increasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistance, particularly among methicillin-resistant <i>S. aureus</i> (MRSA) strains, presents a major challenge to managing these infections effectively. This review systematically examines the pathogenesis, diagnostic techniques, microbial profiles, and treatment strategies for DFIs, with an emphasis on antibiotic resistance and new therapeutic approaches. Furthermore, the article highlights the need for a multidisciplinary approach, including early diagnosis, appropriate antibiotic therapy, advanced wound care, and patient education to mitigate the risk of severe complications. Given the rising global burden of diabetes, improved management of DFIs remains critical for reducing the incidence of amputations and minimizing the economic burden on healthcare systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":15576,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes Research","volume":"2025 ","pages":"6715157"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12503970/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145251318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advantages of Hyperbaric Oxygen Treatment for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Mice: Involvement of Leptin.","authors":"Zhounan Zhu, Bin Zhang, Wanyin Wang, Hongjie Yi, Chenggang Zheng, Qinghe Tang","doi":"10.1155/jdr/3808140","DOIUrl":"10.1155/jdr/3808140","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Hyperbaric oxygen treatment (HBOT) is clinically used to improve oxygen supply to hypoperfused tissues under certain conditions. HBOT can decrease the incidence of autoimmune diabetes in nonobese diabetic mice by reducing apoptosis and increasing <i>β</i>-cell proliferation. HBOT ameliorates glucose tolerance in Type 2 diabetes (T2D) mellitus patients, but the underlying mechanism needs further investigation. <b>Methods:</b> We used a diet-induced T2D mouse model and a genetic mouse model (ob/ob mice) to evaluate the effects of HBOT on serum glucose levels in mice. The body weights and blood glucose levels of the mice were measured weekly. An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed 12 weeks after the start of the experiment. All the mice were euthanized, and the serum and liver tissues were collected to test the total cholesterol, triglycerides, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, malondialdehyde, and antioxidant enzymes. <b>Results:</b> Our results demonstrated that HBOT can delay/attenuate the onset of diet-associated T2D in wild-type mice. However, HBOT had no significant effects on blood glucose or T2D incidence in ob/ob mice. Furthermore, we found that HBOT improved glucose tolerance and liver steatosis in diet-induced T2D model mice but not in ob/ob mice. Our results indicated that the effects of HBOT on T2D were dependent at least partly on the presence of leptin. <b>Conclusion:</b> Our study offers a rationale for using serum leptin as a predictor of clinical outcomes of HBOT and elucidates possible reasons why many patients may experience HBOT failure.</p>","PeriodicalId":15576,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes Research","volume":"2025 ","pages":"3808140"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12497524/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145244496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association Between Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) Score and Retinopathy in Adults With Diabetes Mellitus: An NHANES Analysis.","authors":"Wen-Hsueh Chen, Kun-Lu Hsieh, Jau-Yuan Chen, Chao-Tung Chen","doi":"10.1155/jdr/7303131","DOIUrl":"10.1155/jdr/7303131","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a growing global health issue, with diabetic retinopathy (DR) being a significant complication causing vision loss. Whether the Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) score is predictive of DR has yet to be understood. <b>Objective:</b> This study is aimed at exploring the relationship between CONUT scores and DR using national health data. <b>Methods:</b> Data from adults aged ≥ 20 years diagnosed with DM were extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database from 2005 to 2016 and analyzed retrospectively. DR was identified based on participants' self-reported physician diagnosis. The CONUT score was calculated from serum albumin, lymphocyte count, and cholesterol levels, obtained from the NHANES lab profiles. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the relationship between CONUT scores and the presence of DR. All data were analyzed in 2024. <b>Results:</b> Data from 3494 NHANES participants (representing 17,619,250 people in the United States after weighting) were analyzed. After adjusting for relevant confounders, multivariable analysis revealed that each one-point increase in CONUT score was significantly associated with increased odds of DR by 11% (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.11, confidence interval: 1.02-1.22). Stratified analyses revealed significant associations between CONUT score and DR among patients with a DM duration of ≥ 10 years (aOR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.03-1.26) and those younger than 60 years (continuous: aOR = 1.19, 95% CI: 1.03-1.37; high vs. low: aOR = 1.57, 95% CI: 1.05-2.35). <b>Conclusions:</b> Poor nutritional status, indicated by higher CONUT scores, is associated with an increased likelihood of DR in adults with DM. The relationship was particularly evident among those with a DM duration of ≥ 10 years and younger than 60 years. These findings highlight the potential of CONUT score assessments as part of comprehensive diabetes care.</p>","PeriodicalId":15576,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes Research","volume":"2025 ","pages":"7303131"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12496155/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145232595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacogenetic Predictors of Metformin Response in Metabolic Syndrome and Type 2 Diabetes: Evidence from a Cohort Study in Kazakhstan.","authors":"Altynay T Imangaliyeva, Nurgul S Sikhayeva, Serik A Baidurin, Bibigul A Suleimenova, Aliya A Romanova, Elena V Zholdybayeva, Serik A Shaimerdenov, Aigul Sh Kuanysheva, Aidos Bolatov","doi":"10.1155/jdr/1568889","DOIUrl":"10.1155/jdr/1568889","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are highly prevalent in Kazakhstan, with metformin as the first-line therapy. However, individual variability in treatment response and adverse effects necessitates pharmacogenetic evaluation. This study is aimed at assessing the clinical and biochemical efficacy of metformin in Kazakh patients with MetS, T2DM, or both and at identifying pharmacogenetic markers associated with treatment response and tolerability. <b>Methods:</b> A prospective cohort of 206 Kazakh patients (MetS: <i>n</i> = 44, MetS + T2DM: <i>n</i> = 123, T2DM: <i>n</i> = 39) was enrolled. Clinical, anthropometric, and biochemical parameters were measured at baseline and 3 months after metformin therapy. Ten SNPs previously implicated in metformin pharmacogenetics were genotyped. Associations with treatment efficacy (HbA1c reduction and glycemic goal achievement) and dyspeptic side effects were analyzed using ANOVA, logistic regression, and chi-square tests. <b>Results:</b> Metformin significantly improved weight, blood pressure, glucose, and lipid profiles across all groups. The SNPs rs2289669 (SLC47A1) and rs3792269 (CAPN10) were significantly associated with greater HbA1c reduction, glycemic goal achievement, and risk of dyspepsia. The rs11212617 variant showed a modest association with treatment efficacy. <b>Conclusions:</b> Metformin is effective across diverse metabolic phenotypes in the Kazakh population, with genetic variation contributing to interindividual differences in efficacy and tolerability. Pharmacogenetic profiling may improve personalized diabetes care.</p>","PeriodicalId":15576,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes Research","volume":"2025 ","pages":"1568889"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12494468/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145232526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations Between Alcohol Consumption and Cigarette Smoking and Insulin Secretion and Resistance in Vietnamese Men Without a History of Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Sumiyo Okawa, Hiroyasu Iso, Yuta Yokobori, Masahiko Hachiya, Chau Que Nguyen, Thuy Thi Phuong Pham, Danh Cong Phan, Hung Thai Do, Tetsuya Mizoue, Yosuke Inoue","doi":"10.1155/jdr/1068375","DOIUrl":"10.1155/jdr/1068375","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction:</b> This study is aimed at examining the associations of alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking with insulin secretion and resistance and the effect modification by body mass index (BMI) in middle-aged men without a history of diabetes in rural Vietnam. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> The study included data from 1102 men without diabetes, aged between 40 and 60 years, who participated in the Khánh Hòa Cardiovascular Study conducted between June 2019 and 2020. Fasting blood samples were collected to measure insulin and plasma glucose. Alcohol consumption was categorized as no consumers or consumers (< 1, 1-1.9, and ≥ 2 standard drinks per day). Smoking was categorized as never, former, and current smokers (≤ 10 or ≥ 11 cigarettes per day). The homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) was used to assess insulin secretion (HOMA-beta) and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). A multilevel linear regression model was used to examine the associations of alcohol consumption and smoking with HOMA-beta and HOMA-IR. Effect modification by BMI was tested using the likelihood ratio test, and a set of stratified analyses according to BMI (23 kg/m²) was performed. <b>Results:</b> Alcohol consumption showed a dose-response association with low HOMA-beta in both the unadjusted and BMI-adjusted models. Cigarette smoking was not associated with HOMA-beta in either the unadjusted or BMI-adjusted models. Alcohol consumption was not associated with HOMA-IR when BMI was unadjusted, but the highest alcohol consumer group showed a significantly lower HOMA-IR after adjustment for BMI. Current smoking was significantly associated with lower HOMA-IR when BMI was unadjusted, which association became marginally significant after adjusting for BMI. <b>Conclusions:</b> Alcohol consumption was associated with reduced insulin secretion. Smoking was marginally associated with lower insulin resistance, potentially mediated by low BMI. Longitudinal studies are required to explore the mechanisms underlying the association between alcohol consumption, smoking, and glucose metabolism.</p>","PeriodicalId":15576,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes Research","volume":"2025 ","pages":"1068375"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12488309/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145212846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of the First Trimester and Second Trimester Temperature, Air Pollutants, and Seasonal Variations on the Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Twin Pregnancies.","authors":"Wei-Zhen Tang, Wei-Ze Xu, Yun-Ren Pan, Qin-Yu Cai, Li Wen, Hong-Yu Xu, Ying-Xiong Wang, Jia-Zheng Li, Tai-Hang Liu, Lan Wang","doi":"10.1155/jdr/6633118","DOIUrl":"10.1155/jdr/6633118","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Recent studies have primarily focused on the impact of environmental factors on gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in singleton pregnancies, with limited research on their effects in twin pregnancies. This study investigates how seasonal variations and environmental exposures impact GDM incidence and its subtypes in twin pregnancies, a high-risk group. <b>Methods:</b> In this retrospective analysis of 3769 twin pregnancies, we categorized recruited participants into GDM and non-GDM groups. We examined the effect of the screening season on oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) glucose values and the incidence of GDM and its subtypes. Multivariable logistic regressions adjusted for confounders assessed the impact of first and second trimester temperatures and air pollutants on GDM risk. Interaction terms evaluated the combined effects of environmental factors on GDM incidence. <b>Results:</b> Seasonal changes significantly influenced GDM risk, with summer presenting the highest risk (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The first trimester's cooler temperatures were inversely related to GDM; <i>T</i> _mean was significantly and negatively associated with 1-h PG and AUC for glucose, with adjusted <i>β</i> (95% CI) of -0.009 (-0.017, -0.001) and -0.719 (-1.406, -0.031), respectively. While warmer second trimester temperatures increased the risk, <i>T</i> _mean was positively associated with FBG, 1-h PG, 2-h PG, and AUC for glucose, with adjusted <i>β</i> (95% CI) of 0.003 (0.001, 0.005), 0.018 (0.009, 0.026), 0.019 (0.011, 0.027), and 1.723 (0.998, 2.448), respectively. Air pollutant exposure showed varying correlations with GDM risk, with ozone (O₃) levels consistently posing a risk. Higher O₃ exposure in the first and second trimesters was associated with increased odds of GDM, with OR (95% CI) of 1.057 (1.004, 1.112) and 1.052 (1.011, 1.096), respectively. Interaction analysis indicated that certain environmental conditions in the first trimester could reduce GDM risk, while others, particularly involving O₃, increased it. <b>Conclusion:</b> Environmental temperatures and air pollutants, especially O₃, are associated with GDM risk in twin pregnancies, with differing effects between trimesters. These findings suggest that environmental factors should be considered in GDM screening and prevention strategies for twin pregnancies. Further research is needed to understand the underlying mechanisms and to develop trimester-specific interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":15576,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes Research","volume":"2025 ","pages":"6633118"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12483729/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145206521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Shows Exercise Protects <i>db/db</i> Mouse Pancreatic Injuries by Regulating Endothelial Cell Homeostasis.","authors":"Wenya Weng, Manjuan Li, Zixuan Wang, Mengmeng Peng, Guoyong Fan, Shicui Jiang, Chi Zhang, Xuemian Lu","doi":"10.1155/jdr/9676094","DOIUrl":"10.1155/jdr/9676094","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The prevalence and mortality rates of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) continue to increase, imposing a significant burden on individuals and nations worldwide. The pancreas plays an important role in T2DM development, while exercise is a crucial nonpharmacological treatment. Although the pancreas comprises various cell types, current studies on the effects of exercise on diabetes have mainly focused on the beta cells. In this study, we aimed to enhance our understanding of the effects of exercise on other pancreatic cell types. This was aimed at facilitating the comprehensive analysis of the processes and principles by which exercise protects and enhances pancreatic function. Six-week-old male <i>db/db</i> mice were trained on a treadmill at a speed of 9 m/min for 10 weeks (50 min/day, 5 days/week). Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) was performed to analyze cell types in the pancreas. The results showed that exercise improved the body weight and pancreas profile of <i>db/db</i> mice. The scRNA-seq demonstrated that the pancreas was composed of 12 cell types, with obvious changes in endothelial cells (ECs) among all groups. Further subtype analysis suggested that ECs could be annotated into five subtypes, with capillary ECs and unknown EC 1 presenting remarkable differences among the groups. Additionally, Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis showed the roles of regulation of EC proliferation and response to injury for capillary ECs and unknown EC 1, respectively. The two EC subtypes may be involved in the protective effect of exercise against pancreatic injury in <i>db/db</i> mice.</p>","PeriodicalId":15576,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes Research","volume":"2025 ","pages":"9676094"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12479157/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145199448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of Acupuncture in Diabetic Vascular Complications: Efficacy and Potential Mechanisms.","authors":"Zhifeng Wang, Ying Chen, Ting Shi, Jiao Yang, Daman Tian, Hongyan Wu, Rong Zhao, Ruirui Wang, Liwei Xing","doi":"10.1155/jdr/6934081","DOIUrl":"10.1155/jdr/6934081","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diabetes and its complications are a major global public health issue. Conventional Western medicine has limitations in efficacy and safety in managing complications, while acupuncture, with multitarget regulation and low side effects, serves as an important supplementary therapy. This review discusses how acupuncture relieves macrovascular complications, such as angina and cerebral reperfusion, by inhibiting NF-<i>κ</i>B, improving vascular endothelial function, and regulating autonomic nerves. In addition, acupuncture delays microvascular complications, such as retinopathy and proteinuria via vasodilation, anti-inflammatory effects, antioxidative effects, and neurotrophic promotion. Acupuncture also benefits other complications by enhancing microcirculation and neuroendocrine function. The mechanisms of acupuncture involve regulating the metabolic-inflammatory-neurovascular network, activating pathways (such as GLP-1 and SDF-1), and repairing cellular structures. Modern technologies-including artificial intelligence (AI) for individualized acupoint selection, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) for central regulation visualization, and biomaterial combination for diabetic foot repair-enhance the precision of acupuncture. However, clinical translation of acupuncture faces the following challenges: fragmented mechanisms; insufficient clinical evidence, including small samples, short follow-ups, and a lack of long-term safety data when used with new hypoglycemics; and technical nonstandardization, such as inconsistent acupoint selection, nonuniform operation parameters, and poor adaptability of AI to traditional Chinese medicine syndrome differentiation. Future research should deepen the exploration of the neuroendocrine-immune network via interdisciplinary integration, conducting large-sample long-term trials, establishing standardized protocols, and validating AI/fMRI-assisted precision acupoint selection to accelerate the transition of acupuncture from adjuvant to precision therapy to improve patients' quality of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":15576,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes Research","volume":"2025 ","pages":"6934081"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12479160/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145199453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}