Journal of Diabetes Research最新文献

{"title":"Costunolide Reduces DN Inflammatory Response and Renal Thrombosis by Inhibiting NET Formation.","authors":"Xiangjing Wang, Lina Zhang, Ke Huang, Chengli Lou, Yuanying Xia, Yijing Zhou","doi":"10.1155/jdr/1159325","DOIUrl":"10.1155/jdr/1159325","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Diabetic nephropathy (DN), a prevalent microvascular complication of diabetes, is characterized by chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and renal thrombosis. This study is aimed at assessing the therapeutic effects of costunolide (COS) on DN and investigating its mechanism of action in reducing inflammation and platelet activation-mediated thrombosis by inhibiting the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). <b>Methods:</b> A DN mouse model was established using a high-sugar, high-fat diet combined with streptozotocin (STZ) administration, followed by treatment with varying doses of COS. The efficacy of COS was assessed through renal function indicators, including 24-h urinary protein levels, serum creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen, alongside renal histopathological analyses using hematoxylin-eosin, Masson's trichrome, and periodic acid-Schiff staining. Transcriptomic analysis was performed to identify gene expression changes in renal tissues after COS treatment. Based on transcriptomic findings, the impact of COS on inflammatory and platelet activation-related markers (IL-1<i>β</i>, IL-6, TNF-<i>α</i>, CCL2, and CD41) was further evaluated. Additionally, the expression of NET formation-related factors (MPO, CitH3, IGTAM, PAD4, C3, and fibrinogen) was analyzed using immunofluorescence, western blot, and ELISA. To validate the in vivo findings, isolated neutrophils were treated with COS in vitro to assess its inhibitory effects on NET formation, including markers such as SYTOX Green, CitH3, ROS, and PAD4. <b>Results:</b> COS treatment significantly improved renal function and mitigated histopathological damage in DN mice. Transcriptomic analysis indicated that COS modulated pathways associated with inflammation and platelet activation, including the complement and coagulation cascades, biosynthesis of cofactors, cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions, NET formation, and NOD-like receptor signaling. COS markedly reduced the expression of inflammatory markers (IL-1<i>β</i>, IL-6, TNF-<i>α</i>, and CCL2) and the platelet activation marker CD41 in renal tissues. Moreover, COS decreased the expression of NET-related proteins, including MPO, CitH3, PAD4, IGTAM, C3, and fibrinogen, while lowering the CitH3/H3 ratio. In vitro, COS significantly inhibited PMA-induced NET formation in neutrophils, as evidenced by reduced SYTOX Green + CitH3⁺ expression and decreased levels of PAD4 and ROS. <b>Conclusion:</b> COS alleviates inflammation and platelet activation-mediated thrombosis in DN mice, potentially by inhibiting excessive NET formation. These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of COS in managing DN.</p>","PeriodicalId":15576,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes Research","volume":"2025 ","pages":"1159325"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12289368/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144707662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association Between DNA Methylation of <i>MTHFR</i> and Diabetic Kidney Disease.","authors":"Guoxiong Deng, Ziyi Feng, Xiaomu Kong, Peng Gao, Yongwei Jiang, Yi Liu, Meimei Zhao, Liang Ma","doi":"10.1155/jdr/8096423","DOIUrl":"10.1155/jdr/8096423","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> The objective of this study is to explore the association between <i>MTHFR</i> DNA methylation and diabetic kidney disease (DKD). <b>Methods:</b> This study involved 120 healthy people, 200 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients, and 200 DKD patients who visited China-Japan Friendship Hospital from 2022 to 2023. We selected four CpG islands for the detection of <i>MTHFR</i> DNA methylation: three located in the promoter region and one in Exon 2. The methylation rate of the <i>MTHFR</i> gene was measured using an enzyme digestion method combined with quantitative PCR. Clinical and biochemical characteristics between the two groups were also collected. <b>Results:</b> The methylation rate of the three CpG islands in the promoter region showed no significant differences between the DM and DKD patients. However, a significant difference in the CpG island methylation rate of the <i>MTHFR</i> gene Exon 2 was observed (25.14% vs. 21.94%, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis indicated that the methylation rate of <i>MTHFR</i> Exon2 is negatively associated with the occurrence and progression of DKD (OR = 0.947, 95% CI [0.919, 0.977], <i>p</i> = 0.001), with adjustments for gender, age, BMI, smoking, drinking, CHO, and TG. Significant differences were observed in the methylation ratios in different HCY groups (24.51% vs. 21.99%, <i>p</i> = 0.031). Linear regression showed <i>MTHFR</i> Exon 2 methylation negatively correlated with homocysteine (HCY) levels (<i>p</i> = 0.007). <b>Conclusion:</b> Methylation of the <i>MTHFR</i> gene Exon 2 is a protective factor for DKD and may contribute to its onset and progression through its influence on HCY levels. These findings highlight the potential of <i>MTHFR</i> methylation as a biomarker for DKD.</p>","PeriodicalId":15576,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes Research","volume":"2025 ","pages":"8096423"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12283192/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144690473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation Between Blood Glucose Variability Indices Using Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Gestational Diabetes Patients and Abnormal Glucose Levels 42 Days Postpartum.","authors":"Rui Wang, Yuping Zhang, Huiqian Zeng, Jinyan Xiao, Mingming Qi, Lei Bao, Ruifen Jiao, Jing Liu, Yichun Li, Shuli He, Yunlong Li, Rui Li, Fan Ping, Yanping Liu","doi":"10.1155/jdr/1021066","DOIUrl":"10.1155/jdr/1021066","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> This study was aimed at analyzing the impact of blood glucose variability (GV) in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) patients on glucose outcomes 42 days postpartum and pregnancy outcomes. Additionally, it explored differences between various GV indices and evaluated their predictive values. <b>Methods:</b> This retrospective study included 75 pregnant women diagnosed with GDM. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) was initiated postdiagnosis, and outcomes were followed up. Oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) were conducted 42 days postpartum to assess glucose response. <b>Results:</b> A total of 75 patients were included, among whom 8 (10.67%) exhibited impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and 7 (9.33%) impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) in the 42-day postpartum OGTT. No cases of diabetes were diagnosed. The results of the postpartum OGTT were significantly correlated with various GV indexes. In multivariate analysis, LBGI (OR: 1.437; 95% CI: 1.015-2.035; <i>p</i> = 0.041), <i>M</i> value (OR: 1.215; 95% CI: 1.030-1.434; <i>p</i> = 0.021), and TBR% (OR: 1.138; 95% CI: 1.020-1.271; <i>p</i> = 0.021) independently influenced IFG. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis indicated areas under the curve (AUCs) of 0.877 (95% CI: 0.760~0.994), 0.853 (95% CI: 0.730~0.975), 0.869 (95% CI: 0.748~0.991), and 0.793 (95% CI: 0.622~0.963) of IFG prediction model performance of TBR%, LBGI, <i>M</i> value, and HbA1c% combined with age, BMI, and family history of diabetes, respectively. <b>Conclusion:</b> Blood GV is an independent factor influencing IFG 42 days postpartum in GDM women, especially with hypoglycemia. It can increase the predictive efficiency of the postpartum abnormal blood glucose prediction model. <b>Trial Registration:</b> Chinese Clinical Trial Registry number: ChiCTR2100054833.</p>","PeriodicalId":15576,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes Research","volume":"2025 ","pages":"1021066"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12279430/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144682671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peer Mentoring Improves Diabetes Technology Use and Reduces Diabetes Distress Among Underserved Communities: Outcomes of a Pilot Diabetes Support Coach Intervention.","authors":"Jennifer Maizel, Michael J Haller, David M Maahs, Ananta Addala, Stephanie L Filipp, Rayhan A Lal, Matthew J Gurka, Lauren Figg, Melanie Hechavarria, Dessi P Zaharieva, Keilecia G Malden, Sarah Westen, Brittney N Dixon, Korey Hood, Eleni Sheehan, Jessie J Wong, William T Donahoo, Marina Basina, Angelina Bernier, Eliana Frank, Ashby F Walker","doi":"10.1155/jdr/1970247","DOIUrl":"10.1155/jdr/1970247","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> There are well-documented disparities in diabetes care outcomes and technology usage, stemming from differences in healthcare access, distrust in healthcare providers, and other factors. This study evaluated patient-level outcomes of a diabetes support coach (DSC) intervention aimed at improving underserved adults' diabetes technology use, diabetes distress, and HbA1c levels. <b>Methods:</b> As part of a Project Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes (ECHO) Diabetes program, a social support intervention involving 28 DSCs was piloted at 33 Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs) in Florida and California from May 2021 to May 2022. DSCs, who were adults with diabetes, served in a capacity similar to peer mentors and community health workers and received uniform training/oversight by a clinical team. Intervention participants (<i>n</i> = 74 adults with insulin-requiring diabetes at FQHCs) self-enrolled and engaged with DSCs via text messages, phone calls, and events. Participants' outcomes were evaluated cross-sectionally via the Diabetes Distress Scale (DDS-17) and a diabetes technology usage survey and longitudinally via HbA1c tests upon enrollment and at 6-month follow-up. A group of adults with insulin-requiring diabetes from the same FQHCs who did not receive the DSC intervention (<i>n</i> = 363) was used for comparison. Descriptive statistics were computed for all outcomes (<i>n</i>, percentage; mean, SD/95% CI). Between-group comparisons were evaluated via chi-squared and <i>t</i>-tests. <b>Results:</b> DSC intervention participants reported significantly lower diabetes distress than the comparison group (DDS-17 score mean = 1.6 vs. 2.1, <i>p</i> < 0.001), and significantly more participants in the DSC intervention regularly used continuous glucose monitors (CGMs) than the comparison group (69.9% vs. 38.8%, <i>p</i> < 0.0001). There were no significant differences in insulin pump usage or HbA1c. <b>Conclusions:</b> Lower diabetes distress and greater CGM usage among intervention participants suggest that the DSCs' shared lived experiences and healthcare navigation support positively influenced underserved adults' outcomes. These findings show DSCs' potential for improving diabetes care and technology equity.</p>","PeriodicalId":15576,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes Research","volume":"2025 ","pages":"1970247"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12267957/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144659307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Network Pharmacology and Serum Nontargeted Metabolomics Reveal the Protective Effects of Propionate Against Liver Damage Induced by a High-Fat and AGE-Rich Diet in Diabetic Mice.","authors":"Liang Wu, Jiajun Tan, Wen Sun, Xueyun Dong, Jiayuan He, Asmaa Ali, Min Chen, Leilei Zhang, Pingping Wang","doi":"10.1155/jdr/3955893","DOIUrl":"10.1155/jdr/3955893","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diabetic liver injury is a leading cause of mortality in diabetes, with no specific treatment available. Sodium propionate (NaP) has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, but its effectiveness in treating diabetic liver injury is still lacking research. The study employed network pharmacology to identify potential targets of NaP for Type 2 diabetes treatment, using oleic acid (OA) and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) to induce diabetic liver injury in HepG2 cells <i>in vitro</i>. Post-NaP intervention, Oil Red O staining assessed cellular lipid deposition, while Western blotting analyzed protein expression associated with oxidative stress, autophagy, and bile acid synthesis. NaP was administered to mice with diabetic liver injury induced by a high-fat and AGEs diet, and qPCR analysis was conducted to assess the expression of genes associated with inflammation, oxidative stress, and bile acid synthesis in the liver. HE staining was used to observe the liver injury, and nontargeted metabolomics analysis was used to analyze the effect of NaP on serum metabolic pathways. Network pharmacology analysis showed that NaP has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, mainly involving multiple targets such as mitochondrial function, insulin resistance, and glucose metabolism. Experimental results in cells and animals demonstrated that NaP reduces lipid accumulation and inflammation in liver cells; decreases inflammatory markers like NLRP3, IL-1<i>β</i>, and TNF-<i>α</i>; enhances antioxidant factors such as serum SOD and liver Nrf2; increases the expression of the bile acid synthesis enzyme CYP7A1; and upregulates autophagy in liver cells. Serum nontargeted metabolomics indicated that NaP enhances anti-inflammatory and antioxidant metabolites, including proline and N-Acetyl-L-leucine, in diabetic liver injury mice. It potentially influences purine metabolism, amino acid synthesis (e.g., arginine, tryptophan, and tyrosine), and steroid hormone biosynthesis. This study indicates that NaP may serve as a preventive and therapeutic agent for diabetic liver injury.</p>","PeriodicalId":15576,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes Research","volume":"2025 ","pages":"3955893"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12240661/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144600634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association Between Thyroid Function Parameters and Plasma Branched-Chain Amino and Keto Acids in Patients With Euthyroid Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.","authors":"Xinghua Cai, Yuanying Xu, Jie Gao, Huihui Zhang, Jun Lu, Tao Lei","doi":"10.1155/jdr/2540444","DOIUrl":"10.1155/jdr/2540444","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objectives:</b> The objective of the study is to determine the association between thyroid function parameters and plasma levels of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and their metabolites, branched-chain keto acids (BCKAs), in patients with euthyroid Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). <b>Methods:</b> We conducted a cross-sectional study among 357 participants with euthyroid T2DM. Plasma BCAAs and BCKAs were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), while four thyroid function parameters, including triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), free triiodothyronine (FT3), and free thyroxine (FT4), were determined by an automatic biochemical analyzer. The variance inflation factor (VIF) was used to investigate variable collinearity. Pearson correlation and multivariate linear regression analysis were used to establish the relationship between BCAAs or BCKAs and thyroid function parameters. <b>Results:</b> The means of T3, T4, FT3, and FT4 were different among the three groups divided by BCAA tertiles (all <i>p</i> < 0.05), and the means of T3 and FT3 were different among the three groups divided by BCKA tertiles (all <i>p</i> < 0.01). Pearson correlation analysis indicated a positive relationship between all the thyroid function parameters and BCAA levels (<i>p</i> < 0.05), while a statistically significant inverse relationship was established between T3 and FT3 levels and BCKA levels (<i>p</i> < 0.01). Collinearity analysis demonstrated no collinearity among the variables (tolerance: 0.501~0.922; VIF: 1.084~1.995). Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that thyroid function parameters were significantly associated with BCAAs (coefficients: 0.042 to 4.614, <i>p</i> < 0.05) and BCKAs (coefficients: -0.200 to -0.156, <i>p</i> < 0.01) after adjusting for other potential confounding factors. <b>Conclusions:</b> Thyroid function parameters positively correlated with plasma BCAAs but negatively correlated with plasma BCKAs in patients with euthyroid T2DM. However, further prospective studies are needed to explore potential causal relationships and verify these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":15576,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes Research","volume":"2025 ","pages":"2540444"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12240655/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144600633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Albuminuria and Renal Dysfunction on the Anemia-Improving Effect of SGLT2 Inhibitors in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Real-World Observational Study.","authors":"Ayami Kajiwara-Morita, Kentaro Oniki, Akira Yoshida, Noboru Kurinami, Tomoko Suzuki, Fumio Miyamoto, Kunio Hieshima, Seigo Sugiyama, Keizo Kajiwara, Katsunori Jinnouchi, Junji Saruwatari, Hideaki Jinnouchi","doi":"10.1155/jdr/5399360","DOIUrl":"10.1155/jdr/5399360","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Aim:</b> Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have been reported to increase hemoglobin levels; however, little is known about the magnitude of their anemia-improving effect in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease. We aimed to determine the influence of albuminuria and renal dysfunction on the anemia-improving effects of SGLT2 inhibitors in patients with Type 2 diabetes (T2D). <b>Materials and Methods:</b> In this clinically based retrospective longitudinal study, the records of 4664 consecutive patients with T2D were reviewed. We investigated the effects of albuminuria and eGFR at baseline on change in hemoglobin after 3 months of SGLT2 inhibitor treatment by a multivariable linear regression analysis with calculation of the unstandardized partial regression coefficient (<i>B</i>). <b>Results:</b> Among the patients with T2D, 230 patients (male, <i>n</i> = 170; female, <i>n</i> = 60; age, 67.0 ± 11.5 years) were eligible for the analysis. Patients with macroalbuminuria (urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (uACR) > 300 mg/g or urine protein-to-creatinine ratio (uPCR) > 500 mg/g) exhibited a significantly smaller increase in hemoglobin after the initiation of SGLT2 inhibitor treatment (<i>B</i> -5.923 g/L, <i>p</i> = 0.003) compared to patients with normoalbuminuria (uACR < 30 mg/g or uPCR < 150 mg/g). Furthermore, almost all patients with proteinuria in the \"nephrotic range,\" defined as uPCR > 3500 mg/g, did not experience increased hemoglobin from SGLT2 inhibitor treatment. However, we could not find a significant association between the eGFR at baseline (including eGFR ≤ 15 mL/min/1.73 m²) and change in hemoglobin with SGLT2 inhibitor treatment. <b>Conclusions:</b> Our findings indicate that severely increased albuminuria attenuates the anemia-improving effect of SGLT2 inhibitors for at least 3 months after their administration.</p>","PeriodicalId":15576,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes Research","volume":"2025 ","pages":"5399360"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12228570/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144575611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mogrosides Protect Against Diabetic Kidney Injury via Inhibiting Macrophage Activation in a Mouse Model.","authors":"Fangyi Jiang, Xiaoli Huang, Man Yan, Jiajun Tan, Xueyun Dong, Xianhai Liu, Jiayuan He, Asmaa Ali, Min Chen, Leilei Zhang, Liang Wu, Pingping Wang","doi":"10.1155/jdr/5291562","DOIUrl":"10.1155/jdr/5291562","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diabetic kidney injury is an almost unavoidable complication in diabetic patients. The activation of macrophages with high glucose in the patient's body is a key factor in triggering diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Mogrosides are commonly used sweeteners, but their effects on diabetic kidney injury are still unclear. This study used THP-1 cell models and diabetic mouse models to examine the impacts and pathways of mogrosides in inhibiting hyperglycemia-activated macrophages and alleviating kidney damage. This study used high glucose (33.3 mmol/L) to induce activation of macrophage-like THP-1 cells for studying the anti-inflammatory mechanism of mogrosides. At the same time, a diabetic mouse model was prepared using a high-fat diet and intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin in order to further study the effects of mogrosides on alleviating symptoms of DKD. Mogrosides can suppress the activation of macrophages and kidney damage in diabetic mice, and this anti-inflammatory effect seems to be mediated through the NF-<i>κ</i>B/NLRP3/Caspase-1 axis in macrophages. Moreover, the metabolomic results revealed that the anti-inflammatory properties of mogrosides were associated with the modulation of glutamate metabolism and glycerophospholipid metabolism in macrophages. Our results indicated that supplementing diabetic patients with mogrosides may help inhibit inflammatory responses and prevent kidney damage.</p>","PeriodicalId":15576,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes Research","volume":"2025 ","pages":"5291562"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12213039/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144540447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship Between Improvements in Glycemic Control and Risk of Pregnancy Complications in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus: Metaregression Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials of Intensive Glucose Management.","authors":"Satoru Kodama, Kazuya Fujihara, Noriko Yagyuuda, Yoko Yachi, Chika Horikawa, Yasunaga Takeda, Sakiko Yoshizawa Morikawa, Takaho Yamada, Kiminori Kato, Yoshimi Nakagawa, Shiro Tanaka, Hitoshi Shimano, Hirohito Sone","doi":"10.1155/jdr/3490884","DOIUrl":"10.1155/jdr/3490884","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> It remains unknown whether improvements in prognosis of pregnancy in patients with diabetes mellitus are dependent on glycemic control (GC). This metaregression analysis was aimed at exploring the relationships between the improvements in GC. <b>Methods:</b> Using Embase and MEDLINE (from Jan. 1, 1950, to Apr. 29, 2024), we searched for randomized controlled trials of intensive glucose management in pregnant women with gestational, pregestational, or overt diabetes mellitus, in which the blood glucose level using any GC indicator and the incidence of any adverse maternal and/or fetal outcome were compared between two groups with different intensities of glucose management. Relative risks (RRs) of individual adverse outcomes were regressed on the reductions in individual GC indicators. <b>Results:</b> We examined the dose-response relationship between reductions in four GC indicators (hemoglobin A1c (A1C), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2-h postprandial glucose, and mean blood glucose) and 14 adverse pregnancy outcomes in 62 eligible trials. Reductions in FPG were associated with the reduced risk of 10/14 adverse outcomes, with the exceptions being cesarean section, small for gestational age, premature rupture of membranes, and congenital malformation. Reductions in A1C were strongly associated with the reduced risk of cesarean section (<i>r</i> = 0.67, <i>p</i> < 0.001), indicating that the RR (95% confidence interval) for a 1% incremental decrease in A1C was 0.63 (0.49-0.80). <b>Conclusions:</b> Risk reductions in the majority of pregnancy complications in those with diabetes depend on the improvement of GC induced by intensive glucose management.</p>","PeriodicalId":15576,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes Research","volume":"2025 ","pages":"3490884"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12208766/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144528227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing Diabetic Polyneuropathy Prevalence in Hospitalized Patients: A Comparative Study Using the Michigan Self-Report Questionnaire and Physical Examination Methods.","authors":"Parastoo EsnaAshari, Elaheh Mianehsaz, Maryam Afarini, Mohammad Javad Azadchehr","doi":"10.1155/jdr/7027972","DOIUrl":"10.1155/jdr/7027972","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Chronic complications of diabetes, such as diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN), are major contributors to disability and mortality among diabetic patients. Effective screening for DPN is crucial to prevent severe complications, including limb amputation. This study was aimed at assessing the prevalence of DPN among hospitalized diabetic patients using both self-report (Michigan questionnaire) and physical examination methods and at evaluating the level of agreement between these two screening approaches. <b>Methods:</b> This cross-sectional study included 158 adult diabetic patients admitted to Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Kashan, Iran, between April and September 2023. Patients were screened for DPN using the Michigan self-report questionnaire and physical examination. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected through patient interviews and medical records. Random sampling was used to ensure representativeness. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS Version 26, applying descriptive and inferential statistics. Cohen's kappa statistic was used to assess the level of agreement between the two screening methods. The validity and reliability of the assessment tools were confirmed through previous studies. <b>Results:</b> The study found a moderate agreement between the physical examination and the Michigan self-report questionnaire in diagnosing DPN (<i>κ</i> = 0.486, <i>p</i> < 0.001). The overall prevalence of DPN, based on the agreement of both methods, was 64.6%. The prevalence was 75.9% based on physical examination and 72.8% based on the questionnaire. <b>Conclusions:</b> This study found a high prevalence of DPN among hospitalized diabetic patients, highlighting the urgent need for effective screening methods. The moderate agreement between the Michigan questionnaire and physical examination suggests that the questionnaire could serve as a simple, cost-effective tool for early DPN detection. Further research and wider implementation of these screening tools may enhance early diagnosis and help reduce the risk of severe complications, such as limb amputation.</p>","PeriodicalId":15576,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes Research","volume":"2025 ","pages":"7027972"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12168654/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144310008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}