Journal of Clinical and Translational Science最新文献

{"title":"A pilot community-based Diabetes Prevention and Management Program for adults with diabetes and prediabetes.","authors":"Ranjita Misra, Samantha Shawley-Brzoska","doi":"10.1017/cts.2024.623","DOIUrl":"10.1017/cts.2024.623","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>West Virginia is a rural state with high rates of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and prediabetes. The Diabetes Prevention and Management (DPM) program was a health coach (HC)-led, 12-month community-based lifestyle intervention.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The study examined the impact of the DPM program on changes in glycosylated hemoglobin (A1C) and weight over twelve months among rural adults with diabetes and prediabetes. Program feasibility and acceptability were also explored.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An explanatory sequential quantitative and qualitative one-group study design was used to gain insight into the pre- and 12-month changes to health behavior and clinical outcomes. Trained HCs delivered the educational sessions and provided weekly health coaching feedback. Assessments included demographics, clinical, anthropometric, and qualitative focus groups. Participants included 94 obese adults with diabetes (63%) and prediabetes (37%). Twenty-two participated in three focus groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Average attendance was 13.7 ± 6.1 out of 22 sessions. Mean weight loss was 4.4 ± 11.5 lbs at twelve months and clinical improvement in A1C (0.4%) was noted among T2DM adults. Program retention (82%) was higher among older participants and those with poor glycemic control. While all participants connected to a trained HC, only 72% had regular weekly health coaching. Participants reported overall acceptability and satisfaction with the program and limited barriers to program engagement.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings suggest that it is feasible to implement an HC-led DPM program in rural communities and improve A1C in T2DM adults. Trained HCs have the potential to be integrated with healthcare teams in rural regions of the United States.</p>","PeriodicalId":15529,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical and Translational Science","volume":"8 1","pages":"e179"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11626607/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142800827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation and lessons learned from the dissemination and implementation science scholars program in the national cancer prevention and control research network.","authors":"Daniela B Friedman, Cam Escoffery, Elaine H Morrato, Cynthia A Thomson, Courtney N Petagna, Freda Allyson Hucek, Mary Wangen, Aubrey Villalobos, James R Hebert, Samuel Noblet, Mayank Sakhuja, David O Garcia, Jennifer L Cruz, Stephanie B Wheeler","doi":"10.1017/cts.2024.625","DOIUrl":"10.1017/cts.2024.625","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)-funded Cancer Prevention and Control Research Network (CPCRN) has been a leader in cancer-related dissemination & implementation (D&I) science. Given increased demand for D&I research, the CPCRN Scholars Program launched in 2021 to expand the number of practitioners, researchers, and trainees proficient in cancer D&I science methods.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The evaluation was informed by a logic model and data collected through electronic surveys. Through an application process (baseline survey), we assessed scholars' competencies in D&I science domains/subdomains, collected demographic data, and asked scholars to share proposed project ideas. We distributed an exit survey one month after program completion to assess scholars' experience and engagement with the program and changes in D&I competencies. A follow-up survey was administered to alumni nine months post-program to measure their continued network engagement, accomplishments, and skills.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three cohorts completed the program, consisting of 20, 17, and 25 scholars in Years 1-3, respectively. There was a significant increase in the total D&I competency scores for all three cohorts for 4 overarching domains and 43 subdomains (M_Pre = 1.38 M_Post = 1.89). Differences were greatest for the domain of Practice-Based Considerations (0.50 mean difference) and Theory & Analysis (0.47 mean difference). Alumni surveys revealed that scholars appreciated access to D&I-focused webinars, toolkits, and training resources. 80% remain engaged with CPCRN workgroups and investigators.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Program evaluation with scholars and alumni helped with ongoing quality assurance, introspection, and iterative program adaptation to meet scholars' needs. This approach is recommended for large-scale capacity-building training programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":15529,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical and Translational Science","volume":"8 1","pages":"e181"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11626604/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142800918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Online, asynchronous training in research for residents.","authors":"Jason T Blackard, Jacqueline M Knapke, Stephanie Schuckman, Jennifer Veevers, William D Hardie, Ruchi Yadav, Alexa Kahn, Patrick Lee, Sima Terebelo, Patrick H Ryan","doi":"10.1017/cts.2024.631","DOIUrl":"10.1017/cts.2024.631","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Scholarly activity is a key component of most residency programmes. To establish fundamental research skills and fill gaps within training curricula, we developed an online, asynchronous set of modules called <i>Research 101</i> to introduce trainees to various topics that are germane to the conduct of research and evaluated its effectiveness in resident research education. <i>Research 101</i> was utilised by residents at One Brooklyn Health in Brooklyn, NY. Resident knowledge, confidence, and satisfaction were assessed using pre- and post-module surveys with 5-point Likert scaled questions, open-ended text responses, and a multiple-choice quiz. Pre-module survey results indicated that residents were most confident with the <i>Aligning expectations</i>, <i>Introduction to research</i>, and <i>Study design and data analysis basics</i> modules and least confident with the <i>Submitting an Institutional Review Board protocol</i> and <i>Presenting your summer research</i> modules. Post-module survey responses demonstrated increased learning compared to pre-module results for all modules and learning objectives (<i>p</i> < 0.0001). \"This module met my needs\" was endorsed 91.4% of the time. The median score for the final quiz that consisted of 25 multiple-choice questions was 23. Thematic analysis of open-ended post-module survey responses identified multiple strengths and opportunities for improvement in course content and instructional methods. These data demonstrate that residents benefit from completion of <i>Research 101</i>, as post-module survey scores were significantly higher than pre-module survey scores for all modules and questions, final quiz scores were high, and open-ended responses highlighted opportunities for additional resident learning.</p>","PeriodicalId":15529,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical and Translational Science","volume":"8 1","pages":"e180"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11626569/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142800955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fielding the research participant perception survey to evaluate a culturally tailored Latinx cohort study.","authors":"Sierra Lindo, Jamie Roberts, James Goodrich, Alejandra Mella-Velazquez, Michael D Musty, Alex C Cheng, Rhonda G Kost, Rosa M Gonzalez-Guarda, Ranee Chatterjee","doi":"10.1017/cts.2024.629","DOIUrl":"10.1017/cts.2024.629","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Latinx populations are underrepresented in clinical research. Asking Latinx research participants about their research experiences, barriers, and facilitators could help to improve research participation for these populations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The Salud Estres y Resilencia (SER) Hispano cohort study is a longitudinal cohort study of young adult Latinx immigrants whose design and conduct were tailored for their study population. We administered the Research Participant Perception Survey (RPPS) to SER Hispano participants to assess their experiences in the study. We describe overall results from the RPPS and compare results of surveys administered to SER Hispano participants via email versus telephone.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 340 participants who were contacted with the RPPS, 142 (42%) responded. Among respondents, 53 (37%) responded by initial email contact; and 89 (63%) responded by subsequent phone contact. The majority of respondents were between 35 and 44 years of age (54%), female (76%), and of Cuban origin (50%). Overall, research participants expressed high satisfaction with their research experience; 84% stated that they would \"definitely\" recommend research participation to friends and family, with no significant difference by method of survey administration (<i>P</i> = 0.45). The most common factor that was chosen that would influence future research participation was having summary results of the research shared with them (72%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We found that culturally tailored studies can be good experiences for Latinx research participants; and we found that use of the RPPS can be administered successfully, particularly when administered by more than one method, including telephone, to evaluate and to improve research experiences for this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":15529,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical and Translational Science","volume":"8 1","pages":"e178"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11626567/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142800941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting food insecurity in a pediatric population using the electronic health record.","authors":"Joseph Rigdon, Kimberly Montez, Deepak Palakshappa, Callie Brown, Stephen M Downs, Laurie W Albertini, Alysha Taxter","doi":"10.1017/cts.2024.645","DOIUrl":"10.1017/cts.2024.645","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>More than 5 million children in the United States experience food insecurity (FI), yet little guidance exists regarding screening for FI. A prediction model of FI could be useful for healthcare systems and practices working to identify and address children with FI. Our objective was to predict FI using demographic, geographic, medical, and historic unmet health-related social needs data available within most electronic health records.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a retrospective longitudinal cohort study of children evaluated in an academic pediatric primary care clinic and screened at least once for FI between January 2017 and August 2021. American Community Survey Data provided additional insight into neighborhood-level information such as home ownership and poverty level. Household FI was screened using two validated questions. Various combinations of predictor variables and modeling approaches, including logistic regression, random forest, and gradient-boosted machine, were used to build and validate prediction models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 25,214 encounters from 8521 unique patients were included, with FI present in 3820 (15%) encounters. Logistic regression with a 12-month look-back using census block group neighborhood variables showed the best performance in the test set (C-statistic 0.70, positive predictive value 0.92), had superior C-statistics to both random forest (0.65, <i>p</i> < 0.01) and gradient boosted machine (0.68, <i>p</i> = 0.01), and showed the best calibration. Results were nearly unchanged when coding missing data as a category.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although our models could predict FI, further work is needed to develop a more robust prediction model for pediatric FI.</p>","PeriodicalId":15529,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical and Translational Science","volume":"8 1","pages":"e195"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11626594/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142801060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum: The statistical design and analysis of pandemic platform trials: Implications for the future - CORRIGENDUM.","authors":"Christopher J Lindsell, Matthew Shotwell, Kevin J Anstrom, Scott Berry, Erica Brittain, Frank E Harrell, Nancy Geller, Birgit Grund, Michael D Hughes, Prasanna Jagannathan, Eric Leifer, Carlee B Moser, Karen L Price, Michael Proschan, Thomas Stewart, Sonia Thomas, Giota Touloumi, Lisa LaVange","doi":"10.1017/cts.2024.648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cts.2024.648","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1017/cts.2024.514.].</p>","PeriodicalId":15529,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical and Translational Science","volume":"8 1","pages":"e177"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11604506/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142769451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing and strengthening the study of social networks in community-level dissemination and implementation research: A narrative review.","authors":"Ariella R Korn, Jennifer L Cruz, Natalie R Smith, Rebekah R Jacob, Megan Carney, Wallis Slater, Shoba Ramanadhan","doi":"10.1017/cts.2024.614","DOIUrl":"10.1017/cts.2024.614","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The dissemination and implementation (D&I) of evidence at the community level is critical to improve health and advance health equity. Social networks are considered essential to D&I efforts, but there lacks clarity regarding how best to study and leverage networks. We examined networks in community-level D&I frameworks to characterize the range of network actors, activities, and change approaches. We conducted a narrative review of 66 frameworks. Among frameworks that explicitly addressed networks - that is, elaborated on network characteristics, structure, and/or activities - we extracted and synthesized network concepts using descriptive statistics and narrative summaries. A total of 24 (36%) frameworks explicitly addressed networks. Commonly included actors were implementers, adopters/decision-makers, innovation developers, implementation support professionals, and innovation recipients. Network activities included the exchange of resources, knowledge, trust, and norms. Most network-explicit frameworks characterized ties within and across organizations and considered element(s) of network structure - for example, size, centrality, and density. The most common network change strategy was identifying individuals to champion D&I efforts. We discuss opportunities to expand network inquiry in D&I science, including understanding networks as implementation determinants, leveraging network change approaches as implementation strategies, and exploring network change as an implementation outcome.</p>","PeriodicalId":15529,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical and Translational Science","volume":"8 1","pages":"e203"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11626584/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142800829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gaps and opportunities for measuring equity with the Translational Science Benefits Model: Recommendations from the Center for American Indian and Alaska Native Diabetes Translation Research.","authors":"Amy G Huebschmann, Angela G Brega, Sarah A Stotz, Aliassa L Shane, Roxanna King, Valarie Blue Bird Jernigan, Kaylee R Clyma, R Turner Goins, Gary L Ferguson, Tassy Parker, Nathania Tsosie, Sara J Mumby, Spero M Manson, Meredith P Fort","doi":"10.1017/cts.2024.638","DOIUrl":"10.1017/cts.2024.638","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Translational research needs to show value through impact on measures that matter to the public, including health and societal benefits. To this end, the Translational Science Benefits Model (TSBM) identified four categories of impact: Clinical, Community, Economic, and Policy. However, TSBM offers limited guidance on how these areas of impact relate to equity. Central to the structure of our Center for American Indian and Alaska Native Diabetes Translation Research are seven regional, independent Satellite Centers dedicated to community-engaged research. Drawing on our collective experience, we provide empirical evidence about how TSBM applies to equity-focused research that centers community partnerships and recognizes Indigenous knowledge. For this special issue - \"Advancing Understanding and Use of Impact Measures in Implementation Science\" - our objective is to describe and critically evaluate gaps in the fit of TSBM as an evaluation approach with sensitivity to health equity issues. Accordingly, we suggest refinements to the original TSBM Logic model to add: 1) community representation as an indicator of providing community partners \"a seat at the table\" across the research life cycle to generate solutions (innovations) that influence equity and to prioritize what to evaluate, and 2) assessments of the representativeness of the measured outcomes and benefits.</p>","PeriodicalId":15529,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical and Translational Science","volume":"8 1","pages":"e206"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11626608/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142800945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A conversation with Mehdi Shishehbor, DO, MPH, PhD, President, Harrington Heart & Vascular Institute and Professor of Medicine, Cleveland University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center.","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/cts.2024.603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cts.2024.603","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15529,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical and Translational Science","volume":"8 1","pages":"e174"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11604505/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142769464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implication of serum copper level, serum zinc level, and copper to zinc ratio in neonatal sepsis.","authors":"Seyed Hossein Saadat, Rakhshaneh Goodarzi, Sadegh Kargarian Marvasti, Sobhan Montazerghaem","doi":"10.1017/cts.2024.547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cts.2024.547","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Zinc and copper are trace elements that have important roles in the function of the immune system. We aimed to compare serum zinc and copper levels in neonates with and without neonatal sepsis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This case-control study examined 54 newborns with sepsis and 54 matched healthy controls admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of Children's Hospital, Bandar Abbas, Iran. Neonates with the diagnosis of sepsis were regarded as cases and those admitted for other reasons were regarded as controls. Maternal and neonatal serum zinc and copper were measured on admission. Copper, zinc, and copper/zinc ratio differences between case and control groups were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Neonatal zinc levels were significantly lower in the sepsis group versus controls (88.65 ± 40.64 vs 143.48 ± 69.57μg/dL, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Sepsis group mothers had lower zinc (66.04 vs 83.37μg/dL, <i>p</i> = 0.008) and copper (124.09 vs 157.74μg/dL, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Neonatal copper levels were slightly lower in the sepsis group. Copper/zinc ratio was significantly higher in the sepsis group (<i>p</i> < 0.001). In the sepsis group, the interval to the resolution of sepsis symptoms was significantly shorter in neonates with excess compared to sufficient copper levels (<i>P</i> = 0.023).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Serum copper and zinc levels have an important role in the immune system's response to the infection. Neonatal serum copper at levels higher than normal can lead to significantly shorter hospital stay. Also, higher Cu/Zn ratios can be found in neonatal sepsis, suggesting the potential utility of this index in the diagnosis of sepsis.</p>","PeriodicalId":15529,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical and Translational Science","volume":"8 1","pages":"e176"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11604512/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142769453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}