Journal of Cytology and Histology最新文献

{"title":"Cytological Evaluation of Metastatic Melanoma: A Series of 3 Cases with Review of Literature","authors":"S. Prakash, A. Saxena, A. Sanjay, G. Gajender, Goel, R. Sen","doi":"10.4172/2157-7099.1000522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7099.1000522","url":null,"abstract":"Malignant melanoma is a dangerous tumor with potential to metastasize. We report a series of 3 cases, which presented with lymphadenopathy and their cytological diagnosis of metastatic melanoma was made based on cytomorphological features. FNAC is a highly accurate, rapid, and cost-effective procedure for the diagnosis of metastatic melanoma and should be considered as the initial diagnostic procedure of choice in patients with melanoma with clinically suspected metastases.","PeriodicalId":15528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cytology and Histology","volume":"97 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77154674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Central Diabetes Insipidus as the Inaugural Manifestation of Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis in Adult","authors":"T. B. Achour, S. Sayhi, S. Achoura, Salah Hm, S. Im, F. Ajili, B. Louzir","doi":"10.4172/2157-7099.1000521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7099.1000521","url":null,"abstract":"Langerhans histiocytosis (LH) is a rare disease that is more prevalent in children. Adult onset LH is less observed. Its etiology still remains unclear. Bone involvement is the most frequent. Other organs involvement such as pulmonary, pituitary and cutaneous is rarer. Diagnosis confirmation relies on histological examination. It highlights the accumulation of Langerhans cells organized as granulomas with positive immunohistochimical staining for CD1a. Optimal treatment choices are still undefined. It depends whether it involve a single system or is a multisystem form with life-threatening organ involvement. Treatment is based on corticosteroids and Vinblastine associated with possibly resorting to surgery in some cases. In this report, we present the case of a male patient who developed multisystem LH (MS-LH) with multiple bone lesions, pulmonary involvement and pituitary infiltration. This patient was successfully treated by local surgical curettage and adjuvant corticoids therapy.","PeriodicalId":15528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cytology and Histology","volume":"217 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89367236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mesenchymal Chondrosarcoma, Clinicopathological Characteristics of an Uncommon Tumor","authors":"M. Raza, Mudassar Hussain, N. Uddin, N. Akhter, Usman Hassan","doi":"10.4172/2157-7099.1000505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7099.1000505","url":null,"abstract":"Mesenchymal chondrosarcomas (MCS) are very rare malignant tumors. They comprise 2–10% of all chondrosarcomas. Approximately 600 cases of MCS have been published, as case reports and small series. In English language medical literature only three series include 20 or more cases have been described. This paper aims to document various histological findings, histological patterns that can be seen in MCS. In addition, demographic features, clinical and radiological findings and survival data are also incorporated to assess prognostic impact of various histological findings. This is a descriptive cross sectional study including cases of MCS diagnosed at Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Center, Lahore, Pakistan between 2002 and 2012. The slides were reviewed by two consultant pathologists independently and findings (pattern, cellularity, spindle cell component, necrosis, mitoses, hemangiopericytoma like vessels) were documented on a specially developed form. The clinical information was extracted from case files. Survival data was obtained by contacting the patient or their families in those cases for which contact numbers were available. Data analysis was done using SPSS 20.0. Of the total 18 cases, 10 were males (55.6%) and 8 were females (44.4%). Patients were most commonly in their second or third decades of life. Tumor locations included craniofacial bones (n=5, 28%), ribs and chest wall (n=3, 16%), spine (n=3, 16%), and the lower extremity bones (n=5, 28%). Extraskeletal sites included parapharyngeal region (n=1, 6%) and thigh (n=1, 6%). Histologically biphasic pattern was seen 16 cases (89%). Two cases showed sheets of round to spindle cells with very focal cartilaginous component (11%). Spindle cell component was seen in 14 cases. Necrosis was present in 7 cases (38.9%). Survival data was available for 11 patients (61%). Among these, n=7 (64%) patients developed metastatic disease. The mean survival for cases with metastatic disease was 14.2 months. In patients without metastatic disease, mean survival was 37 months. As the incidence of mesenchymal chondrosarcoma is extremely low, the limited number of patients discussed in most of the studies precludes statistically significant conclusions. MCS should be considered in the differential diagnosis, when pathologists encounter a bone and soft tissue tumor with biphasic pattern composed of round to spindle cell component and hyaline cartilage. Given the diagnostic pitfalls discussed, clinicians may consider obtaining larger biopsy specimens to limit sampling error or confirming the diagnosis with immunohistochemical stains or genetic analysis when a larger biopsy is not possible.","PeriodicalId":15528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cytology and Histology","volume":"40 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75301329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuropeptides (Substance P) Localisation in the Peripheral Nervous System and Skin in a Diabetic Rat Model: A Possible Mechanism for Acceleration Wound Healing in Diabetic Rats","authors":"S. A. El-Aleem, E. Jude","doi":"10.4172/2157-7099.1000510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7099.1000510","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Diabetes is a metabolic disorder associated with biochemical and neurochemical changes in the tissues. Diabetic neuropathy is attributed to the neurochemical changes and is the underlying cause of the impaired diabetic wound healing. Substance P, a neuropeptide functions as a mediator of local inflammatory responses. Aims: To study the expression of substance P in the peripheral nervous system and in the skin in a diabetic rat model. Additionally, to study the effect of the topical application of substance P on the diabetic wound healing and scarring. Materials and Methods: Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat model was used. Immunostaining was used to study the expression of substance P, in the peripheral nervous system and in the skin from normal and diabetic unwounded rats. Diabetic wound model was obtained by creating four incisional wounds at the back of the rats. Two wounds were treated by topical application of substance P daily for two weeks and two wounds served as controls. The tissues were harvested two, four and eight weeks postwounding. Macrophage invasion and inducible nitric oxide synthase level (iNOS) were assessed by immunocytochemistry. Postwounding scarring was assessed by Masson Trichrome. Results: Substance P was expressed in the dorsal root ganglia, in the spinal nerves and peripheral dermal nerves both in the diabetic and non-diabetic animals. However, the diabetic rat nerves showed downregulation of substance P and degenerative changes. Diabetic skin showed a significant (P<0.02) downregulation of substance P. Treatment by substance P promoted healing, reduced inflammation and significantly reduced wound macrophage invasion (P<0.007) and iNOS levels (P<0.02). Interestingly, Substance P improved the scar quality and reduced wound width significantly four (P<0.05) and eight (P<0.03) weeks postwounding. Conclusion: This diabetic model was associated with neuropathic changes. Downregulation of substance P in the diabetic nerves could be contributing to the development of diabetic neuropathy and delayed wound healing. Topical application of substance P to the wounds can accelerate the healing, probably through enhancing the vasculature of the skin and relieving diabetic neuropathy. This could provide a new line of treatment for surgical diabetic wounds to achieve early healing with minimal scars.","PeriodicalId":15528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cytology and Histology","volume":"42 1","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73627973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cytological Pattern of Cervical Lymphadenopathy in Children in a Tertiary Care Hospital","authors":"R. Akhter, Hamdani Sm, Nazia Qayoom, R. Reshi","doi":"10.4172/2157-7099.1000512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7099.1000512","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Cervical lymphadenopathy is a common presenting complaint in children, the causes of which can bacterial, viral and tubercular infections and malignancies like leukemias, lymphomas and metastasis. FNAC provides a quick diagnosis and helps in further management of patients. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted on 160 children with cervical lymphadenopathy in the department of pathology, Government Medical College Srinagar. Results: Most of the patients were in the age group of 11-15 years with a male predominance. Benign diagnosis was made in 96% of cases which include reactive hyperplasia (86.9%), tubercular lymphadenitis (7%) and acute suppurative lymphadenitis (2.4%). Malignant diagnosis was made in only 3.6% of cases. Conclusion: FNAC is a reliable, simple and safe procedure in the diagnosis of cervical lymphadenopathy and can avoid the need for more invasive procedures like open biopsy.","PeriodicalId":15528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cytology and Histology","volume":"77 3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77407928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic Utility of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology of the Orbit: A 26 Year Retrospective Study of a Single Institution’s Experience","authors":"Mustafa Q Yousif, Jing Lu, Ariel S. Frost, R. Steele, Ziyan T Salih","doi":"10.4172/2157-7099.1000525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7099.1000525","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Diagnosing orbital tumors is challenging due to the intricate anatomy of the orbit and associated risks of surgical biopsy. Fine needle aspiration (FNA) of the orbit provides a less invasive alternative to surgical biopsy. Study Design: The surgical pathology database was retrospectively searched and analyzed for orbital specimens obtained by fine needle aspiration at Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center between the years 1990 and 2016. Results: Of the 62 specimens from 61 patients, 38 cases (38/62, 61.3%) were malignant neoplasms, 9 cases (9/62, 14.5%) were benign lesions, and 15 cases (15/62, 24.2%) were unsatisfactory/non-diagnostic. The most common neoplastic diagnosis was hemato/lympho-proliferative processes (33/38, 86.8% of the malignant neoplastic lesions), predominantly non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) (29/38, 76.3% of the malignant neoplastic lesions). 19 NHL cases (65.5% of NHL cases) had been confirmed by subsequent flow cytometric analysis. FNA results from 12 cases had been compared with surgical biopsy diagnosis. The diagnostic accuracy was 11/12 or 91.7%. Conclusions: FNA of the orbit is a relatively non-invasive and cost-effective method in diagnosing orbital tumors; it is especially valuable in identifying hematolymphoid malignancies in the orbit, mainly non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma.","PeriodicalId":15528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cytology and Histology","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85371498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-Organ Teratogenesis Sequels of Bigger Size Particles Colloidal Silver in Primate Vertebrates","authors":"P. J. Prakash, Singh Royana, Pani Sankarsan","doi":"10.4172/2157-7099.1000501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7099.1000501","url":null,"abstract":"Back ground: In this most recent, update global arena for consumers products most of the daily applications of bigger silver nano particles (20 to 100 nano meter range) are effected as anti-viral and anti-parasitic agents in clinical medicine and diagnosis which is a positive feedback. However, the major negative feedback of bigger size silver nano particles on human, animal and primate vertebrate body is multisystem teratogenicity focuses. Material and methods: This study was designed to investigate teratogenic effects of bigger size nano silver which is poly vinyl pyrollidone coated and sodium borohydride stabilized. For this we injected its colloidal solution form in to pregnant female Swiss albino mice of different breeding colonies (10 from each group) in repeated oral gavages manner with nanosilver-71-1900.8 nano meter range at a dose of 14, 19 mg/kg/b.w./day with sham control treated by anionic double distilled water for 7-18 gestational days (12 days). Then dead animals are then anaesthetized and operated by ventral laparotomy on day 19. Fetuses were collected for open eye and hand lens morphological verification to locate various teratogenic anomalies. Result: We found multi system teratogenicity in treated group fetuses like Syndactyly, Oligodactyly, Polydactyl, meningo myelocele, closed type neural tube deformity, skeletal deformity like flat ribs, absence of bony segments or cleft, vertebral deformity like scoliosis, absence of long bones or its parts or mal developments or even mal fusion. We also found Central nervous system teratogenic effects like malformation of cerebrum, hippocampus and cerebellum. Histological teratogenic effects are observed in form of honey comb deformity and cell vacuolization in Central nervous system were significantly correlated with oxidative stress. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that bigger size silver nano particles induce an impairment of multi system and Central nervous system functions and teratogenic sequels by increasing oxidative stress and hampering nutrition in those body parts. The use of bigger silver nano particles for medical and diagnostic purposes henceforth requires careful consideration, particularly if it involves exposure of the human multi system and Central nervous system as it may evokes multi system teratogenicity in offspring’s where dose directly proportional to intensity.","PeriodicalId":15528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cytology and Histology","volume":"74 1","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90388519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Nationwide Study of Breast Cancer Histopathology in Cameroon (Central Africa)","authors":"Z. Sando, J. Fouogue, J. Kemfang, F. Y. Fouelifack","doi":"10.4172/2157-7099.1000503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7099.1000503","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objectives: Breast cancer is the commonest cancer in Africa. Like other countries in that continent, Cameroon has very week pathology and health information services. This study was conducted to determine the histopathologic features of breast cancer all over Cameroon.Methods: The study was retrospective and cross-sectional. Data were collected in the 10 regional hospitals and in national referral hospitals. We included complete files of patients diagnosed with breast cancer from January 1, 2008 to December 31, 2015. Doubloons were avoided for patients seen both at regional and national hospitals. Files with conflicting pathology results were excluded.Results: Of the 1666 files included, 180 (12.6%) with conflicting pathology results were excluded and1486 cases were analyzed. Mean age was 47.9 years (range 17-91 years).Ethnic groups from 3 regions out of 10 accounted for 78.1% of patients. 82.3% of cases were diagnosed in the two regions main towns of the country. Diagnosis was late, with 97.5% of patients already presenting symtpoms. Histopathological analysis was performed for 1371 (92.3%) of cases. Pathology specimens were mainly biopsies (79.4%). All male breast cancers (15 cases) and 87.7% of female cases were ductal carcinoma. Grade 2 of Scarff-Bloom-Richardson’s classification was the most frequent (51.1%) followed by Grade 3 (303%).Discussion: Ethnicity seems to have an influence on breast cancer distribution in Cameroon. Pathological diagnosis is mainly done on biopsies and ductal carcinoma is the most frequent type of breast cancer in the country. Pathology services should be evenly distributed around the country.","PeriodicalId":15528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cytology and Histology","volume":"56 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77951546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antidegenerative and Neurobehavioral Effects of Ethanolic Root Extract of Salacia reticulata on Mercury Chloride Induced Cellular Damage in the Hippocampus of Adult Male Mice","authors":"Godam Elv Tams, Jibarang Nenwarngdung Kani, C. DidiaBlessing, A. Peter","doi":"10.4172/2157-7099.1000508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7099.1000508","url":null,"abstract":"Mercury is a very harmful heavy metal and it has been shown to affect the nervous system mainly, and has contributed a lot to neurodegenerative diseases and disorders. Through time, there has been an increase in the search for more knowledge on how to address the treatment of the diseases associated with Mercury Chloride exposure. Researchers have shown some protective effect of some medicinal plants, which is why this study is done to investigate Salacia reticulata for protective effects against nervous disorders. The study was aimed at evaluating the antidegenerative effects of Salacia reticulata on mercury chloride exposure on the cellular architecture and spatial learning and memory of adult male mice. Twenty-five male mice with an average weight of (14.5-26 g) were divided into five groups of five mice per group and treated as follows. Group A; control group=2 mls of Placebo, Group B (HgCl2 at 7 mg/kgbw). Group C (HgCl2 at (7 mg/kgbw with Salacia reticulata at (200 mg/kgbw), Group D (HgCl at 7 mg/kgbw) with Salacia reticulata at (250 mg/kgbw). Group E (HgCl2; 7 mg/kgbw, with 0.2 ml pu of Vitamin E. HgCl2 was administered at a single dose orally while S. reticulate was administered orally daily for 14 days. The results from the Y-maze test showed an increase in the meantime taken by the animals to make alternations in the mercury treated group compared to the normal control group and Salacia reticulata treated groups, this is suggestive of neurological toxicity of mercury chloride to learning and memory loss. Histological results showed degeneration of the pyramidal cells of the hippocampus in mercury chloride treated group, while preservation of cellular profile and neuronal cells was seen in the Salacia reticulata treated group C and D as compared to group B (HgCl2 group only) and Vitamin E treated groups. Therefore, S. reticulata ameliorated memory loss in the hippocampus caused by mercury toxicity in adult male mice and is neuroprotective as seen in the microarchitecture of Pyramidal cells, fibers and neuropil evidenced in the hippocampus of mice treated.","PeriodicalId":15528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cytology and Histology","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91526537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Three Screening Methods for Cervical Cancer in China - A Systematic Study of 3,300 Cases in Rural Areas of Shanxi Province","authors":"Bai Jigeng, D. Yan, Z. Yuping, Shang Guang Jie, Zhao Yan, D. Tan","doi":"10.4172/2157-7099.1000492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7099.1000492","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Reaching women in rural China is one of the major public health problem today and even though various methodologies were introduced they had limited or no success. The goal of our study was to investigate the usefulness of DNA quantitative assessment (ploidy) in comparison with conventional cytology (LBC) and HPV testing and its possible role in the clinical practice for rural women. Methods: In collaboration with Shanxi Women and Children Health Center we finished a study in Shanxi Province (3300 women) using Image cytometer. Each women underwent HPV testing, liquid based cytology screening (LBC) using manual and semi-automated analysis based on DNA ploidy and EA50 staining (on the same slide). All positive cases by any method were invited for colposcopy and biopsy. Results: Our results showed that DNA ploidy in combination with EA50 have superior performance in comparison with LBC or HPV method. Conclusion: Automated combined qualitative and quantitative image cytometry is a very good candidate for screening in low resource settings in China where the conventional cytology or LBC reading cannot be performed due to the lack of adequate infrastructure and trained cytotechnologists or cytopathologists. Furthermore digitalization of images open a door for data transfer and cloud computing which in turn can improve access to proper medical care in rural China.","PeriodicalId":15528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cytology and Histology","volume":"101 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78534259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}