Journal of Clinical Virology最新文献

{"title":"Emergence of Parechovirus-A5 central nervous system infections in children from Kansas City, Missouri, USA","authors":"Debarpan Dhar ,&nbsp;Anjana Sasidharan ,&nbsp;Katelyn E. VanDonge ,&nbsp;Brian Lee ,&nbsp;Maria Deza-Leon ,&nbsp;Christopher J. Harrison ,&nbsp;Dithi Banerjee ,&nbsp;Rangaraj Selvarangan","doi":"10.1016/j.jcv.2025.105835","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcv.2025.105835","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Parechovirus-A5 (PeV-A5) blood and central nervous system (CNS) infections are rare in the United States of America (USA) and globally. We report an emergence of PeV-A5 infections among infants in Kansas City, Missouri, in 2024.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood samples from infants were tested for Parechovirus-A (PeV-A) in 2024 as a part of standard of care at Children's Mercy Kansas City (CM-KC). PeV-A testing included a two-step reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, and genotyping was conducted using Sanger sequencing. We analyzed the amino acid sequences and phylogeny of the 2024 PeV-A viruses and described the clinical characteristics of PeV-A infected infants.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 211 CSF and 46 blood samples from 248 patients, 10 (4 %) PeV-A infected patients were detected (8 CSF, 2 blood). Genotyping was successful for viruses from 9 PeV-A infected patients, with 8 identified as PeV-A5 (6 CSF, 2 blood) and 1 as PeV-A4 (CSF). PeV-A5 viral sequences from CM-KC clustered with other known PeV-A5 sequences, being most similar (&gt;97 %) to a PeV-A5 viral sequence from Sapporo City, Japan, in 2018. PeV-A5 detections from CM-KC occurred with a summer-fall seasonality. All 8 PeV-A5 infected patients had symptoms of rash with less irritability and lower maximum temperature when compared to previous PeV-A3 and PeV-A4 infected patients at CM-KC.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>PeV-A5 emerged as the predominant PeV-A genotype detected from sterile sites (CSF, blood) in infants in Kansas City, Missouri in 2024, representing the highest number of PeV-A5 systemic illness in infants in the USA within a year.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15517,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Virology","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 105835"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144703721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Cepheid Xpert Xpress CoV-2/Flu/RSV plus for nasal and nasopharyngeal specimens tested in CLIA-accredited and CLIA-waived settings","authors":"Erin McElvania ,&nbsp;Deepa Rao ,&nbsp;Alexander L. Greninger ,&nbsp;Glenn Harnett ,&nbsp;Allan Larcena ,&nbsp;Amrish Patel ,&nbsp;Brian Webster ,&nbsp;Christina Ulen ,&nbsp;Dallas F. Green ,&nbsp;Dana King ,&nbsp;Deepesh Rubin Patel ,&nbsp;Imad Jandali ,&nbsp;Jane Gibson ,&nbsp;Jennifer Killion ,&nbsp;Jibran Atwi ,&nbsp;Kelly R. Bergmann ,&nbsp;Lance Slade ,&nbsp;Mary Allen Staat ,&nbsp;Matthew Faron ,&nbsp;Megan Washington ,&nbsp;Xiaohong Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jcv.2025.105851","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcv.2025.105851","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Respiratory viruses are responsible for millions of healthcare visits annually. The unpredictable periodicity of Coronavirus disease 2019 and seasonal patterns of influenza and respiratory syncytial virus result in concurrent circulation of these viruses with non-specific and overlapping clinical symptoms.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>This study evaluated the Cepheid Xpert Xpress CoV-2/Flu/RSV plus test using 3011 nasopharyngeal swab (NPS) and 2943 anterior nasal (NS) specimens. The assay was evaluated in CLIA-accredited (CA) laboratories with laboratory trained operators and CLIA-waived (CW) settings with non-laboratory personnel. Results were compared to the BioFire Respiratory Panel 2.1 for SARS-CoV-2 and Hologic Panther Fusion Flu A/B/RSV for influenza A, influenza B, and RSV. Cepheid Xpert Xpress CoV-2/Flu/RSV plus testing of NPS and NS specimens had high positive and negative agreement with reference testing.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Overall agreement for NPS was 98.8 %, 99.1 %, 99.9 %, and 100 % for SARS-CoV-2, influenza A, influenza B, and RSV, respectively. For NS, overall agreement was 98.7 %, 99.3 %, 99.9 %, and 99.9 % for SARS-CoV-2, influenza A, influenza B, and RSV, respectively. Specimen testing performed at CA and CW locations also had high positive and negative agreement with reference testing. Overall agreement for CA testing was 97.7 %, 99.6 %, 100 %, and 100 % for SARS-CoV-2, influenza A, influenza B, and RSV, respectively. For CW testing, overall agreement was 98.8 %, 99.0 %, 99.9 %, and 99.9 % for SARS-CoV-2, influenza A, influenza B, and RSV, respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study demonstrates that Xpert Xpress CoV-2/Flu/RSV plus provides rapid and accurate results from NPS and NS specimens in CA and CW testing facilities regardless of staff experience with molecular testing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15517,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Virology","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 105851"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144840769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential severity of SARS-CoV-2 variant infections in children and adults with COVID-19","authors":"Noah Brazer ,&nbsp;Venice Servellita ,&nbsp;Chengshi Jin ,&nbsp;Abiodun Foresythe ,&nbsp;Miriam Oseguera ,&nbsp;Jenny Nguyen ,&nbsp;Nanami Sumimoto ,&nbsp;Hee Jae Huh ,&nbsp;Andries Feder ,&nbsp;Sanchita Bhattacharya ,&nbsp;Surabhi Bhaskar ,&nbsp;Alicia Sotomayor-Gonzalez ,&nbsp;Prachi Saldhi ,&nbsp;Chris Choi ,&nbsp;Grace X. Li ,&nbsp;Komal Gopchandani ,&nbsp;Ashley Tippett ,&nbsp;Hui-Mien Hsiao ,&nbsp;Mark D. Gonzalez ,&nbsp;Dalia Gulick ,&nbsp;Charles Y. Chiu","doi":"10.1016/j.jcv.2025.105833","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcv.2025.105833","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We performed virus whole-genome sequencing of 6916 upper respiratory swabs from adults and children from March 2020 to May 2023 and collected clinical metadata to assess differences in SARS-CoV-2 variant severity and symptomatology. Multivariable logistic regression showed a severity peak with Delta, which had the highest likelihood of severe infection. In children, another peak was observed with BA.4/BA.5, which was associated with more severe infection than both prior (BA.1) and later (BQ.1, BF.7, and XBB) Omicron variants. In contrast, BA.4/BA.5 in adults was associated with less severe infection than BA.1. Genome-wide association studies revealed that nonstructural protein 5 (nsp5, also called 3C-chymotrypsin-like protease), the Paxlovid target, and the spike N-terminal domain were strongly associated with severity. Kmers (contiguous nucleotide sequences of a fixed length k) from these regions matched the prototype Wuhan sequence exactly, corroborating decreases in severity over time. One kmer in the spike gene region was conserved in Delta genomes, with the kmer retained in higher proportions in patients with more severe infection. Our results show, with the exception of Delta, decreases in severity associated with SARS-CoV-2 variant infection over time and underscore the potential utility of kmer monitoring to assess variant severity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15517,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Virology","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 105833"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144634511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection among pregnant women and cord blood hepatitis B surface antigen positive newborns in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia","authors":"Carine Bokop ,&nbsp;Nisha Dhar ,&nbsp;Alane Izu ,&nbsp;Jayendrie Thaver-Kleitman ,&nbsp;Nishi Prabdial-sing ,&nbsp;Musa Mohammed Ali ,&nbsp;Godwin Akaba ,&nbsp;Hellen C. Barsosio ,&nbsp;James A. Berkley ,&nbsp;Manisha Madhai Beck ,&nbsp;Tolossa E. Chaka ,&nbsp;Clare L. Cutland ,&nbsp;Phurb Dorji ,&nbsp;Maksuda Islam ,&nbsp;Adama Mamby Keita ,&nbsp;Feleke Belachew Lema ,&nbsp;Nubwa Medugu ,&nbsp;Stella Mwakio ,&nbsp;Stephen Obaro ,&nbsp;Eyinade K. Olateju ,&nbsp;Shabir A. Madhi","doi":"10.1016/j.jcv.2025.105826","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcv.2025.105826","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Newborns infected with Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) are at risk of chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study investigated the prevalence of HBV infection among pregnant women and cord blood Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positivity of their newborns in Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Ethiopia, Mozambique, Kenya, Nigeria, Mali, and South Africa.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>Randomly selected paired maternal and cord blood samples (n = 101 each site) taken at delivery were tested for HBsAg and Hepatitis B extractable antigen (HBeAg) in the women using a chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay. Similarly, cord blood sample of newborn was assessed for HBsAg reactivity. HBV DNA was quantified using the Xpert® HBV viral load assay, followed by genotyping.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The overall prevalence of maternal HBsAg positivity was 5.5 % (95 %CI: 0.4 %–7.1 %; n = 50/909). HBsAg positivity was higher in African countries (7.3 %; 95 %CI: 5.4 %–9.6 %; n = 44/606) compared to South Asian countries (2.0 %; 95 %CI: 0.8 %–4.3 %; n = 6/303; p = 0.002). Relative to South Africa, there were higher odds of HBsAg sero-positivity in women from Mozambique ((aOR): 7.7, 95 %CI: 1.6 %–37.8 %) and Mali (aOR: 5.7; 95 %CI: 1.1 %–29.7 %). The rate of HBsAg positivity in cord blood of babies born to HBsAg positive women was 28.0 % (95 %CI: 17.1 %–42.3 %; n = 14/50), including 31.8 % (95 %CI: 19.5–47.4 %; n = 14/44) in African countries. No cord blood HBsAg positivity was observed in South Asia. Genotypic analysis revealed HBV genotypes A (41.7 %) and E (58.3 %) were pre-dominant.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The high rate of cord blood positivity (28.0 %) for HBsAg underscores the urgency of enhancing HBV prevention strategies to meet the World Health Organization’s target of a 90 % reduction in new HBV infections by 2030.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15517,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Virology","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 105826"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144297647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accurate quantification using the new RoboGene HDV RNA Quantification Kit 3.0: A European multicenter study","authors":"Evelyn Stelzl ,&nbsp;Annemarie Berger ,&nbsp;Sandra Ciesek ,&nbsp;Antonella Olivero ,&nbsp;Pietro Lampertico ,&nbsp;Annapaola Callegaro ,&nbsp;Sara Uceda Renteria ,&nbsp;Albert Heim ,&nbsp;Stephan W. Aberle ,&nbsp;David N. Springer ,&nbsp;Heiner Wedemeyer ,&nbsp;Birgit Bremer ,&nbsp;Lisa Sandmann ,&nbsp;André Reinhardt ,&nbsp;Beatrix Gey ,&nbsp;Christian Früchtel ,&nbsp;Harald H. Kessler","doi":"10.1016/j.jcv.2025.105828","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcv.2025.105828","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The management of chronic hepatitis delta requires reliable test systems for the detection and quantification of hepatitis delta virus (HDV) RNA. The aim of this study was to obtain comparable results between seven European laboratories using the new RoboGene HDV RNA Quantification Kit 3.0 (Roboscreen GmbH) in combination with different test systems consisting of different nucleic acid extraction and amplification/detection platforms.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Correction factors (CFs) were determined to harmonize HDV RNA concentrations using the 1st WHO International Standard for HDV RNA (WHO IS HDV RNA). Limits of detection (LODs) were determined using a dilution series of the WHO IS HDV RNA. Reference material was used for accuracy testing. In addition, 20 dilutions of plasma sample pools obtained from untreated chronic hepatitis D patients were analyzed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The CFs ranged from 14 to 10,000 depending on the test system used. The calculated CFs were used for subsequent quantification. LODs ranged from &lt;2.2 to &gt;575 IU/mL. When accuracy was determined, the two lowest HDV RNA concentrations were not detected by the test system with the lowest sensitivity. When dilutions of pooled samples were tested, 7 of 140 results were reported as negative from all centers.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Test-specific CFs must be determined to harmonize HDV RNA quantification. Appropriate platforms for HDV RNA extraction are essential to achieve an adequate detection limit. Both high sensitivity and accurate quantification are important for the accurate monitoring of the response to existing anti-HDV treatment and for clinical trials of novel anti-HDV drugs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15517,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Virology","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 105828"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144329890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laboratory evaluation of antigen rapid diagnostic tests to detect Ebola and Sudan viruses","authors":"Devy M. Emperador ,&nbsp;Leanna Sayyad ,&nbsp;Monica Brady ,&nbsp;Jessica Rowland ,&nbsp;Inna Krapiunaya ,&nbsp;Isabella Eckerle ,&nbsp;Emmanuel Agogo ,&nbsp;Daniel G. Bausch ,&nbsp;Joel M. Montgomery ,&nbsp;John D. Klena","doi":"10.1016/j.jcv.2025.105830","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcv.2025.105830","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Nucleic acid-based assays are the diagnostic gold standard for filoviruses, including Ebola (EBOV) and Sudan (SUDV) viruses. However, outbreaks in areas with limited laboratory infrastructure highlight the need for simpler diagnostic tests that can be rapidly and safely used in the field.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We evaluated eight antigen rapid diagnostic tests (Ag-RDTs) for their ability to detect EBOV and SUDV. Analytical panels using virus cell slurries were used to assess limit of detection, and clinical samples were tested to determine sensitivity and specificity.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Five Ag-RDTs detected EBOV and three detected SUDV, although clinical sensitivity was low (20–40 % for EBOV, 33 % for SUDV), improving only with higher viral loads. All assays demonstrated 100 % clinical specificity with no cross-reactivity.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>Although none of the evaluated Ag-RDTs are suitable for routine diagnosis, some may be useful in high viral load contexts such as cadaver testing. Our findings highlight the need to improve Ag-RDT sensitivity or develop high-sensitivity point-of-care molecular diagnostics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15517,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Virology","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 105830"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144535129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of urinary hepatitis E virus antigen colloidal gold immunochromatographic assay in clinical diagnosis of hepatitis E virus infection","authors":"Conglin Zhao ,&nbsp;Shuai Tao ,&nbsp;Mengxin Lu ,&nbsp;Weixia Li ,&nbsp;Han Zhao ,&nbsp;Shuangshuang Sun ,&nbsp;Weijia Lin ,&nbsp;Chong Chen ,&nbsp;Qiang Li ,&nbsp;Yuxian Huang ,&nbsp;Liang Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jcv.2025.105825","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcv.2025.105825","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a significant public health concern worldwide. Current diagnostic methods for HEV infection have limitations in terms of accessibility and timeliness.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To assess the diagnostic performance of the Wantai urinary HEV antigen (Ag) colloidal gold immunochromatographic assay (GICA) in HEV infection.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This prospective study enrolled 150 patients with suspected acute hepatitis E and 50 healthy controls. Paired urine, fecal, and serum samples were collected during initial clinical evaluation. Serum and fecal HEV RNA levels were quantified via reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), with genotyping performed by nested RT-PCR. Serum anti-HEV IgM/IgG levels were measured by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), and urinary HEV antigen was detected using GICA. Diagnostic accuracy metrics were calculated against the reference standard of HEV RNA detection.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>HEV RNA was detected in 58 % (87/150) of suspected cases. All successfully genotyped cases (69 %, 60/87) were HEV genotype 4. All healthy controls tested negative for HEV RNA and urinary HEV Ag.The urinary HEV Ag GICA showed 98.9 % sensitivity and 87.6 % specificity, with high concordance with RT-qPCR (Kappa = 0.85). Longitudinal follow-up revealed viral clearance and liver function normalization in most patients within 3–4 weeks post-symptom onset. 85.7 % of patients achieved urinary HEV Ag negative conversion within 6–7 weeks, while anti-HEV IgM remained positive in all patients at follow-up conclusion.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Urinary HEV Ag GICA demonstrates high diagnostic reliability for acute HEV infection, offering a practical non-invasive option for resource-limited settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15517,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Virology","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 105825"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144322006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The evolving landscape of Norovirus GII genotypes in Asia: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Ashutosh Kumar Singh ,&nbsp;Juhi Nagar ,&nbsp;Akansha Tandekar ,&nbsp;Surya Singh ,&nbsp;Vishal Diwan ,&nbsp;Greeshma C. Ravindran ,&nbsp;Rajnarayan R. Tiwari ,&nbsp;Pradyumna Kumar Mishra ,&nbsp;Ram Kumar Nema","doi":"10.1016/j.jcv.2025.105809","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcv.2025.105809","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Norovirus is a leading cause of acute gastroenteritis globally, with genotypic variation influencing epidemiology and disease outcomes. Understanding the distribution and prevalence of different Norovirus genotypes is crucial for public health surveillance and intervention strategies.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a systematic review of Norovirus genotypes in Asia from 2000 to 2023. The review adhered to PRISMA Guidelines and was registered with PROSPERO (ID CRD42024572647). We extracted data on the prevalence of 22 genotypes and their genetic variations over time.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The review highlighted Norovirus GII.4 as highly prevalent across Asia, particularly in India, Taiwan, Vietnam, and China. GII.2 dominated Indonesia, GII.3 prevailed in Malaysia, Russia, and Bangladesh, GII.7 in Bangladesh, and GII.17 in China, Taiwan, and Nepal, with notable epidemiological shifts between 2012 and 2016 and GII.4 resurgence from 2017.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The study highlights the dynamic nature of Norovirus genotypic distribution in Asia, with both persistent dominance of certain genotypes and notable regional variations. The cyclic patterns of genotype prevalence, particularly the shifts between GII.4 and GII.17, underline the need for ongoing genotypic surveillance to inform targeted public health responses. The data underscores the complexity of Norovirus epidemiology and the importance of maintaining vigilance in monitoring emerging and re-emerging strains.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15517,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Virology","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 105809"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144205631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of human adenovirus in children with acute gastroenteritis in the New Vaccine Surveillance Network (NVSN) from 2016 to 2019","authors":"Amy J. Kinzler ,&nbsp;Mary E. Wikswo ,&nbsp;G.K. Balasubramani ,&nbsp;Helen Eleni Aslanidou D’Agostino ,&nbsp;Theresa Sax ,&nbsp;Klancie Dauer ,&nbsp;Geoffrey A. Weinberg ,&nbsp;Peter Szilyagi ,&nbsp;Leila C. Sahni ,&nbsp;Julie A. Boom ,&nbsp;Jennifer E. Schuster ,&nbsp;Rangaraj Selvarajan ,&nbsp;Christopher J. Harrison ,&nbsp;Mary A. Staat ,&nbsp;Daniel C. Payne ,&nbsp;Natasha B. Halasa ,&nbsp;Eileen J. Klein ,&nbsp;Janet A. Englund ,&nbsp;Judith M. Martin ,&nbsp;Robert Hickey ,&nbsp;John V. Williams","doi":"10.1016/j.jcv.2025.105822","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcv.2025.105822","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Acute gastroenteritis (AGE) is a leading cause of pediatric morbidity and mortality. However, the AGE burden from human adenoviruses (HAdV) is not fully defined.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To determine the prevalence and characteristics associated with HAdV in U.S. children.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>We enrolled AGE case-patients &lt;18 years of age in inpatient and emergency department (ED) settings and healthy controls &lt;11 years of age between December 2016 and November 2019 at seven pediatric medical centers. Demographic and clinical data and stools were prospectively collected. Stools were tested for HAdV F40/41 using multiplex molecular panels. A subset of 120 HAdV-positive samples was genotyped.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>HAdV was detected in 168 (8 %) of 2229 ED patients, 164 (8 %) of 2151 inpatients, and 23 (1 %) of 2090 healthy controls. AGE case-patients positive for HAdV were more likely to be &lt;3 years of age and more likely to report diarrhea (86 % vs 67 %) and dehydration (43 % vs 31 %) than HAdV-negative case-patients (p &lt; 0.0001, all comparisons). Age did not differ significantly between HAdV-positive and negative controls. HAdV-positive AGE case-patients were less likely to have acute respiratory symptoms than HAdV-negative case-patients (8 % vs 18 %, p &lt; 0.0001). The most frequently detected HAdV genotype was F41 (n = 106, 88 %). Other potential pathogens were detected in 36 % of HAdV-positive AGE case-patients and 43 % of controls; <em>Clostridioides difficile</em> was most common.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>HAdV accounted for 8 % of medically attended AGE in both inpatient and ED settings in the U.S., primarily in young children. The majority of cases were type F41, which may inform future vaccine development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15517,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Virology","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 105822"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144243457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management and outcomes of children hospitalised with COVID-19 including incidental and nosocomial infections in Australia 2020–2023: A national surveillance study","authors":"Elizabeth White ,&nbsp;Mehyar Khair Baik ,&nbsp;Syeda Farah Zahir ,&nbsp;Christopher C. Blyth ,&nbsp;Jeremy Carr ,&nbsp;Nigel W. Crawford ,&nbsp;Joshua R. Francis ,&nbsp;Helen S. Marshall ,&nbsp;Emma Carey ,&nbsp;Kristine Macartney ,&nbsp;Brendan McMullan ,&nbsp;Nicholas Wood ,&nbsp;Philip N. Britton ,&nbsp;Julia E. Clark ,&nbsp;on behalf of the PAEDS network","doi":"10.1016/j.jcv.2025.105824","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcv.2025.105824","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Management and outcomes of children hospitalised with acute SARS-CoV-2 infection may differ throughout the pandemic or with admission type (clinical COVID-19, incidental COVID-19 or nosocomial infection).</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Describe the severity, management and outcomes of hospitalised children with acute SARS-CoV-2 infection in Australia across the first 4 years of the pandemic and compare between admission types, SARS-CoV-2 variants, age groups and immune status.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>A multi-centre prospective cohort study of 6009 children aged 0–16 years between January 2020 and June 2023.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Most children (84.3 %) did not receive respiratory support, 33.4 % received antibiotics and 8 % were admitted to intensive care unit (ICU). Infants &lt;6 months old were more likely to be admitted with clinical COVID than older children (12–16 years). Older children were more likely to receive antibiotics (27.8 % vs 43.9 %), corticosteroids (11.3 % vs 34.1%) or ICU admission (5.2 % vs 13.5 %). Compared to immunocompetent children, the immunosuppressed (7.7 %) were more likely to have nosocomial infection (9.5 % vs 3.9 %), receive antibiotics (57 % vs 25 %) or antivirals (18 % vs 4.4 %), but less likely to require respiratory support (93.4 % vs 83.8 %) or ICU admission (3.5 % vs 8 %). Children with nosocomial SARS-CoV-2 infection had higher rates of invasive ventilation (8 %) and ICU admission (21 %) compared to those with clinical (2.1 % and 7.1 % respectively) or incidental COVID-19 (4.8 % and 9.1 % respectively).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Acute COVID-19 generally caused mild disease in hospitalised children, with management and outcomes differing by age and admission type. Similar outcomes were observed across the pandemic. Nosocomial SARS-CoV-2 infection was associated with more severe disease.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15517,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Virology","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 105824"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144307294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}