Journal of Clinical Virology最新文献

{"title":"Highly specific serological diagnosis of Borna disease virus 1 (BoDV-1) and variegated squirrel bornavirus 1 (VSBV-1) encephalitis by novel antibody isotype assay with multiple viral antigens","authors":"Mathias Schlegel ,&nbsp;Petra Allartz ,&nbsp;Ariane Wenzel ,&nbsp;Thomas Faupel ,&nbsp;Klemens Loester ,&nbsp;Dennis Tappe","doi":"10.1016/j.jcv.2025.105803","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcv.2025.105803","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Human bornavirus encephalitis is an emerging, severe and nearly uniformly fatal zoonotic disease in Germany. The etiological pathogens so far encompass the Borna disease virus 1 (BoDV-1) and the variegated squirrel bornavirus 1 (VSBV-1). While BoDV-1 is at least harbored by the white-toothed shrew (<em>Crocidura leucodon</em>) as a natural reservoir and autochthonous in Germany, VSBV-1 has been detected in captive exotic squirrels with an unknown geographical origin. Clinically, a rapid progression is typical for both forms of bornavirus encephalitis, however, medical awareness is low, and therefore treatment attempts are notably delayed. Diagnosis relies on symptomatology, epidemiology, imaging, and virologic testing. One cornerstone of laboratory diagnosis is serology with limitations in sensitivity and specificity.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Here, we describe a newly developed spot immunoassay using recombinant BoDV-1 nucleoprotein (N), phosphoprotein (P), accessory protein X (X), and glycoprotein (GP) to detect bornavirus-reactive IgG, IgM and IgA antibodies.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>A comparatively large cohort encompassing 14 patients with BoDV-1 encephalitis and one individual with VSBV-1 encephalitis were tested. In addition, 241 patients with encephalitis of unknown etiology, 58 interference samples, as well as 40 blood donor samples were analyzed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The combined use of different antibody isotype-specific conjugates with four different BoDV-1-specific proteins (N/P/X/GP) while employing a newly developed evaluation scheme enabled a highly specific (97–100 %) diagnosis in patients with either form of bornavirus encephalitis, with a sensitivity of up to 92 %.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The novel spot immunoassay is an easy-to-use approach for the specific and sensitive serological diagnosis of human bornavirus encephalitis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15517,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Virology","volume":"178 ","pages":"Article 105803"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144099235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation of Human Metapneumovirus from clinical specimen in human organoid-derived bronchial cell cultures is superior to isolation in monolayer cell line cultures","authors":"Pau Ribó-Molina,&nbsp;Stefan van Nieuwkoop,&nbsp;Mathis Funk ,&nbsp;Babs E. Verstrepen,&nbsp;Jeroen J.A. van Kampen,&nbsp;Ron A.M. Fouchier,&nbsp;Bernadette G. van den Hoogen","doi":"10.1016/j.jcv.2025.105805","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcv.2025.105805","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a causative agent of respiratory tract infections (RTI) in children and adults. HMPV is a member of the <em>Pneumoviridae</em> family for which circulation of two serotypes, A and B, has been reported. HMPV isolation in standard monolayer cell lines is not always successful. Recently, it was shown that upon inoculation of human organoid-derived bronchial (ODB) cultures, HMPV primarily targeted the ciliated cells, similar as observed in experimentally infected animals. These observations lead to the hypothesis that isolation of virus from clinical specimen in this ODB model could be more successful than in standard monolayer cultures.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study compared the efficiency of isolation of HMPV from 36 clinical samples in human ODB cultures with that in monolayers of Vero-118 cells.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 27 isolates (8 HMPV A and 19 HMPV B) were obtained in the ODB cultures, after one passage, whereas 21 isolates (9 HMPV A and 12 HMPV B) were obtained after one or two passages in Vero-118 cells.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Overall, the isolation efficiency of serotype A HMPV was comparable in both models, while isolation of serotype B viruses was profoundly more efficient in the ODB cultures than in Vero-118 cells, suggesting that primary cultures expressing ciliated cells should be considered as a superior isolation method for HMPV from clinical specimens.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15517,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Virology","volume":"178 ","pages":"Article 105805"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144070480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retraction notice to \"Evaluating the efficacy and safety of a novel prophylactic nasal spray in the prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection: A multi-centre, double blind, placebo-controlled, randomised trial\" [J. Clin. Virol. 155C (2022) 105248].","authors":"Damian Balmforth, James A Swales, Laurence Silpa, Alan Dunton, Kay E Davies, Stephen G Davies, Archana Kamath, Jayanti Gupta, Sandeep Gupta, M Abid Masood, Áine McKnight, Doug Rees, Angela J Russell, Manu Jaggi, Rakesh Uppal","doi":"10.1016/j.jcv.2025.105782","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcv.2025.105782","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15517,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Virology","volume":" ","pages":"105782"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144078130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of polyethylene glycol precipitation and ultracentrifugation to enhance the sensitivity of hepatitis B virus DNA detection","authors":"Michael X. Fu ,&nbsp;Osmany Larralde ,&nbsp;Richard Mayne ,&nbsp;Kai Kean ,&nbsp;Kaitlin Reid ,&nbsp;Monique Andersson ,&nbsp;Tanya Golubchik ,&nbsp;Jane A. McKeating ,&nbsp;Lisa Jarvis ,&nbsp;William L. Irving ,&nbsp;Peter Simmonds ,&nbsp;Heli Harvala","doi":"10.1016/j.jcv.2025.105802","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcv.2025.105802","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Sensitive molecular detection of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA is crucial for diagnosing and managing occult hepatitis. To improve the sensitivity of HBV DNA detection, we compared the effectiveness of polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation and ultracentrifugation to concentrate DNA prior to extraction.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Twenty-three HBV DNA-positive samples with low viral loads were compared between the extraction of standard (0.2 mL) and larger volumes (5 mL) of plasma, through PEG precipitation of 10 mL and 20 mL of plasma, and ultracentrifugation from 35 mL of plasma. The effectiveness of the methods for HBV DNA detection was assayed by quantitative PCR. For genetic characterisation, Sanger sequencing of amplicons and targeted Illumina sequencing were used. Costs, sample capacities, and turnaround times were compared.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>DNA was detected in a greater number of samples using PEG and ultracentrifugation (detecting up to all 23 samples) compared to more standard extraction methods (detecting at least 18 samples). Efficiencies of recovery of HBV DNA from samples were comparable in all concentration methods. HBV and other DNA viruses, such as human herpesviruses and anelloviruses, were detected in samples and at higher read counts with PEG concentration than without. The availability, cost, relative simplicity, and throughput of PEG precipitation conferred further advantages to ultracentrifugation.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>PEG precipitation from large volumes of plasma is a practical and economical alternative to ultracentrifugation and could be a similarly effective concentration method for low viral load samples in blood donation and clinical virology laboratories.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15517,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Virology","volume":"178 ","pages":"Article 105802"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143916907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of mid-turbinate nasal and combined nasal-throat specimen types for detection of respiratory viruses in children","authors":"Irem Onalan ,&nbsp;Zheyi Teoh ,&nbsp;Sarah L. Steele ,&nbsp;Eileen J. Klein ,&nbsp;Bonnie Strelitz ,&nbsp;Kirsten Lacombe ,&nbsp;Erin M. Sullivan ,&nbsp;Arun K. Nalla ,&nbsp;Danielle M. Zerr ,&nbsp;Janet A. Englund","doi":"10.1016/j.jcv.2025.105801","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcv.2025.105801","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The source of respiratory specimens may impact the detection of respiratory viruses. It may also have implications for research participant recruitment, caregiver acceptability due to concerns for patient comfort, and potential risk of aerosolization during epidemics/pandemics.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To determine the impact of collecting a throat swab (TS) in addition to a mid-turbinate nasal swab (MTS) by comparing agreement of viral detection and relative viral loads.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>We reviewed molecular detection results from 2548 children enrolled in the New Vaccine Surveillance Network at Seattle Children’s Hospital from 11/2015–05/2019. Participants with a clinical MTS who agreed to collection of a combined TS and MTS (TS&amp;MTS) for research were included. All specimens were tested using FilmArray^R Respiratory Panel (Biofire Diagnostics). Viral detection from MTS and TS&amp;MTS were compared. Relative viral loads were compared between specimens with concordant (same viruses detected) and discordant (different or additional viruses detected) results.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Results from 743 participants with clinical MTS and research TS&amp;MTS specimens were compared; Viral detections were similar between the two groups, including 596 (80.2 %) paired results that were concordant. The most common discordant viruses were rhinovirus/enterovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, and adenovirus. Mean relative viral loads were lower in discordant specimens compared to concordant specimens, regardless of specimen source.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Comparison of clinical and research specimens revealed that respiratory viral detection was similar with or without an added TS. Lower relative viral loads of discordant specimens suggest that a combined TS&amp;MTS may not improve viral detection for clinically significant pathogens.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15517,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Virology","volume":"178 ","pages":"Article 105801"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143906175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Universal screening for congenital Cytomegalovirus infection using saliva from the neonate","authors":"Gabriele Halwachs-Baumann ,&nbsp;Oliver Wagner ,&nbsp;Yarub Salaheddin ,&nbsp;Eveline Ziebermayr ,&nbsp;Lukas Angleitner-Boubenizek ,&nbsp;Georg Grüßenberger ,&nbsp;Ulla Folger-Buchegger","doi":"10.1016/j.jcv.2025.105800","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcv.2025.105800","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Congenital Cytomegalovirus infection (cCMV) is the most common intrauterine infection in developed countries. The diagnostic gold standard is detection of CMV in neonatal urine. Considering difficulties in urine sample collection, saliva is an alternative specimen providing supportive material for early diagnosis and timely intervention.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Aim of this study was to evaluate a universal screening program using saliva as target specimen, and urine as confirmatory material.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Between May 2019 and November 2024, 5168 newborns were screened for CMV shedding in saliva, 45 neonates were tested positive. From 44 neonates a urine sample was examined. Twelve out of forty-four neonates had concordant results (prevalence = 0,232 %) with five newborns showing CMV related symptoms. In saliva, the difference between the Ct-value of the cCMV negative and the cCMV positive group was significant (38.59 vs. 28.56, p-value &lt; 0.0001). At a Ct-value cut-off of 38.8 sensitivity was 100 %, specificity 53.1 %, positive predictive value 44 %, and negative predictive value 100 %. ROC analysis yielded an AUC value of 0.930. The mean virus load in urine was 31,266,663 copies/ml.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>This study reports a prevalence of 0,232 % for cCMV infection in the catchment area of the hospital Steyr. PCR based CMV detection in saliva is a good screening tool, but one must be aware of false positive results, arising from possible contamination. In our cohort CMV positive vaginal or cervical secretion seems more likely being the source of contamination than CMV positive breast milk. The high false positive rate in saliva makes confirmatory testing in urine samples mandatory.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15517,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Virology","volume":"178 ","pages":"Article 105800"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143869305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) glycoprotein M occurs in three distinct genotypes in laboratory strains and clinical isolates","authors":"Alia Al-Alfard ,&nbsp;Zahrah Buhamad ,&nbsp;Julia Duffey ,&nbsp;Simon Lovell ,&nbsp;Paul Klapper ,&nbsp;Pamela Vallely","doi":"10.1016/j.jcv.2025.105799","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcv.2025.105799","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>HCMV carries virus-encoded envelope glycoproteins important for viral attachment, entry into host cells and replication. These glycoproteins have polymorphic features resulting in distinct genotypes some of which have been associated with disease outcome. Glycoprotein complex II comprises glycoproteins M (gM) and N (gN) and is essential for viral replication. Glycoprotein N is highly polymorphic while gM is highly conserved. The existence of distinct gM genotypes has not previously been reported.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>PCR amplification of the entire gM gene (1298 bp) was carried out on five HCMV laboratory strains (AD169, Towne, Davis, Toledo, Merlin) and ten clinical isolates. PCR product was sequenced and nucleotide and aminoacid phylogenetic trees constructed for these samples and for an additional 287 HCMV gM sequences obtained from NCBI database. The hydrophobicity of the predicted protein sequences was compared.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Three distinct genotypes were identified (gM1, gM2 and gM3) with every sequence aligning with one genotype, suggesting they are stable polymorphisms rather than random nucleotide substitutions. Aminoacid translation of the nucleotide sequences merged gM1 and gM2, but gM3 remained as a distinct and separate type. The aminoacid substitutions led to changes in the hydrophobicity of the 3 glycoprotein types particularly between gM3 and the other two types.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Glycoprotein M is highly conserved, but we have identified three distinct genotypes, arising from variability in a small region of the genome. These changes altered the predicted hydrophobicity of the glycoprotein potentially altering the conformational structure of the glycoprotein and affecting its function <em>in vivo</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15517,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Virology","volume":"178 ","pages":"Article 105799"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143873579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights into the clinical and molecular epidemiology of an infections outbreak of human parvovirus B19 in France, 2023–2024","authors":"Elisa Creuzet ,&nbsp;Wendy Pulby ,&nbsp;Christine Archimbaud ,&nbsp;Amélie Brebion ,&nbsp;Hélène Chabrolles ,&nbsp;Audrey Mirand ,&nbsp;Ophélie Perruche ,&nbsp;Mathilde Picard ,&nbsp;Christel Regagnon ,&nbsp;Céline Lambert ,&nbsp;Siméon Bakyono ,&nbsp;Jean-Luc Bailly ,&nbsp;Maxime Bisseux ,&nbsp;Cécile Henquell","doi":"10.1016/j.jcv.2025.105798","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcv.2025.105798","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The human parvovirus B19 (B19V) infections cycle occurs in 3- to 4-year periods and is responsible for benign childhood erythema infectiosum. It is also associated with transient aplastic crisis in patients with underlying hemolytic diseases and with severe fetal sometimes fatal infection. This study investigated the epidemiological, clinical and molecular characteristics of an unusually large 2023–2024 outbreak of B19V.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Laboratory-confirmed cases were retrospectively and prospectively recorded at the Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, France, between January, 2018 and November, 2023 and between December 2023 and May 2024 (2023/2024), respectively. Demographical and clinical data were investigated for the 2023/2024 period. Subgenome sequences (2690 nt) were obtained by next generation sequencing for virus genotyping and temporal molecular analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The positive rate of B19V positive laboratory-confirmed cases was seven times higher between December 2023 and May 2024 than in the previous 5-year period (14.6 % vs 2.1 %, p &lt; 0.001). No atypical clinical presentation or increased pathogenicity were observed, but this large outbreak resulted in a higher number of severe infections in pregnant women (8/16, 50.0 % of fetal complications) and those with chronic anemia. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the 2023/2024 outbreak in France and Europe was mainly driven by a pre-existing lineage of B19V 1a subgenotype that emerged in 2017 (95 % highest posterior density interval: 2000–2018).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The recent epidemic of B19V infections re-illustrates the immunity gap of the post-pandemic COVID-19 pandemic. This highlight the impact of any outbreak on at-risk population and the need for a more global and genomic surveillance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15517,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Virology","volume":"178 ","pages":"Article 105798"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143864515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emergence of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 6B.1A.5a.2a and 6B.1A.5a.2a.1 subclades leading to subtyping failure in a commercial molecular assay","authors":"Bosung Park,&nbsp;Eun Jeong Won,&nbsp;Heungsup Sung,&nbsp;Mi-Na Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.jcv.2025.105797","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcv.2025.105797","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>During the 2023–2024 and early 2024–2025 influenza seasons, several influenza A-positive specimens in our laboratory failed subtyping for H1, H1pdm09, and H3 using the Allplex Respiratory Panel 1 (Allplex RP1) (Seegene Inc.). This study aimed to identify the cause of these subtyping failures.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>Between August 2023 and December 2024, 23 nasopharyngeal specimens tested positive for influenza A but were unsubtypeable for H1, H1pdm09, and H3. Confirmatory testing by the manufacturer included target-specific PCR for the M and HA genes, followed by sequencing to determine subclades.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among the 23 unsubtypeable specimens, 22 yielded PCR products for sequencing. Of these, 21 belonged to subclade 6B.1A.5a.2a.1 and one to 6B.1A.5a.2a. Sequence analysis revealed mismatches in the H1pdm09 primer/probe-binding regions of Allplex RP1, explaining the subtyping failures. Despite testing negative for H1pdm09 in Allplex RP1, sequencing confirmed their classification as H1N1pdm09 subclades with HA gene mutations.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Subclades 6B.1A.5a.2a.1 and 6B.1A.5a.2a harbour mutations that contributed to subtyping failures in some specimens tested with a commercial assay. While unsubtypeable influenza A results often raise concerns about emerging strains, sequencing confirmed that all unsubtypeable specimens tested with Allplex RP1 belonged to H1N1pdm09 within recognised subclades. Thus, such subtyping failures in this assay do not necessarily indicate a novel or zoonotic virus, though genomic surveillance remains essential.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15517,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Virology","volume":"178 ","pages":"Article 105797"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143815565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustained circulation of enterovirus D68 in Europe in 2023 and the continued evolution of enterovirus D68 B3-lineages associated with distinct amino acid substitutions in VP1 protein","authors":"Aurora Hirvonen ,&nbsp;Caroline Klint Johannesen ,&nbsp;Peter Simmonds ,&nbsp;Thea K Fischer ,&nbsp;Heli Harvala ,&nbsp;Kimberley S.M. Benschop ,&nbsp;on behalf of ENPEN study collaborators","doi":"10.1016/j.jcv.2025.105785","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcv.2025.105785","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) causes respiratory disease ranging from mild to severe and in rare cases a paralytic syndrome, called acute flaccid myelitis (AFM). Since the global EV-D68 outbreak in 2014, the virus has mainly circulated in biennial epidemic cycles with peaks detected during even years. However, following the COVID-19 pandemic, the seasonal pattern of EV-D68 has been characterized by large yearly upsurges. Here, we describe the circulation of EV-D68 in Europe in 2023 and track its genetic evolution.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>Data was compiled from members of the European Non-Polio Network (ENPEN). This included monthly data on the total number of EV samples tested, EV positive samples, EV-D68 positive samples and cases, and other EV positive samples detected in 2023. Information on sample types and surveillance system was recorded. Sequence data from the VP1 gene was used for phylogenetic and amino acid sequence analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>EV was detected in 13585 out of 203622 diagnostic samples tested (6.7%), of which 402 (3.0%) were determined as EV-D68, representing 386 cases. EV-D68 infections peaked in October 2023 (136/386; 35.2%). 267/386 (69.2%) of EV-D68 cases were captured through clinical EV surveillance, almost all of which (202/204 of positive samples with sample type information) were detected in respiratory specimens. Phylogenetic analysis performed on 99 VP1 sequences revealed a distinct B3-derived lineage with a previously undescribed residue change, D554E, in Europe.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The study documents sustained circulation of EV-D68 in Europe in 2023, the evolution of B3-derived lineages, and appearance of previously undescribed amino acid substitutions in Europe. This stresses the need for continuous EV-D68 surveillance and harmonization of EV-D68 detection practices towards better data comparability across countries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15517,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Virology","volume":"178 ","pages":"Article 105785"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143815564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}