Journal of Clinical Virology最新文献

{"title":"International external quality assessment study for detection of monkeypox virus by PCR supporting laboratory preparedness during the 2022–2023 mpox outbreak and beyond","authors":"Rosina Ehmann ,&nbsp;Oliver Donoso Mantke ,&nbsp;Elaine McCulloch ,&nbsp;Amani Yousef ,&nbsp;Alastair Ricketts ,&nbsp;Harry Staines ,&nbsp;Joachim J. Bugert ,&nbsp;Roman Wölfel ,&nbsp;Hubert G.M. Niesters","doi":"10.1016/j.jcv.2024.105741","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcv.2024.105741","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Diagnostic capabilities and correspondent External Quality Assessments (EQA) are key for outbreak preparedness. To support diagnostic facilities with a quality assessment of newly established monkeypox virus (MPXV) molecular diagnostic workflows, Quality Control for Molecular Diagnostics (QCMD) and the Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology (IMB) piloted an international EQA study conducting four challenges from autumn 2022 to summer 2023 during the global mpox outbreak.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To assess the performance (sensitivity/specificity) of molecular assays used by diagnostic laboratories.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>Inactivated EQA panels were prepared and distributed containing seven samples of clade Ia and clade IIb MPXV strains at different viral concentrations, two specificity controls with other zoonotic orthopoxviruses (vaccinia and cowpox virus) and a negative control. Assessment was based on reported qualitative testing results.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In this outbreak-related EQA study, a total of 192 laboratories from 37 countries reported 346 qualitative datasets. Overall, core samples were correctly detected by approximately 92 % of participants in all four challenges. While sensitivity performance was acceptable in at least 90 % of datasets correctly reported even for educational MPXV-positive samples with low viral concentration [10² genome equivalents (GE)/mL], several laboratories reported the educational specificity controls as false positives or were unable to differentiate MPXV from related orthopoxviruses.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Mpox is now a globally occurring infection with a demand for quality-assured diagnostic capabilities. The newly established EQA scheme presented here, offers a multi-purpose panel for orthopoxviruses with a focus on MPXV which will continue to ensure diagnostic quality in clinical settings with up-to-date sample panels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15517,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Virology","volume":"175 ","pages":"Article 105741"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142567898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation, implementation and quality control of a Torque Teno Virus qPCR in a multinational clinical trial","authors":"E.J. Gore ,&nbsp;L. Gard ,&nbsp;P. Bourgeois ,&nbsp;D. Kulifaj ,&nbsp;E. McCulloch ,&nbsp;P.G. Spezia ,&nbsp;H.G.M. Niesters ,&nbsp;F. Maggi ,&nbsp;G. Bond ,&nbsp;C. Van Leer-Buter ,&nbsp;TTVguideTX consortium partners","doi":"10.1016/j.jcv.2024.105738","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcv.2024.105738","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Immunosuppressive medication after organ transplantation is usually dosed through therapeutic drug monitoring. Trough levels of antirejection medication however, do not adequately predict rejection or infections. The TTVguideIT trial is a multinational clinical trial evaluating the safety of Torque Teno Virus (TTV) load assessed by qPCR, as an alternative to trough level tacrolimus dosing.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Prior to, and during the clinical trial, the inter-and intra-laboratory variability, accuracy, and precision of the TTV R-GENE® assay was evaluated through analysis of internal quality control (IQC), external quality assessment (EQA) and linearity panels performed by the thirteen participating clinical virology laboratories, each using their standard testing platforms.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>IQC samples with a target of 4 log₁₀ copies/mL (cp/mL) were tested by the participating laboratories 130 times during the implementation phase and 987 times during the trial phase. They showed excellent accuracy, with an inter-laboratory standard deviation (SD) of 0.17 log₁₀ cp/mL, and an intra-laboratory SD of 0.03 to 0.20 log₁₀ cp/mL during the implementation phase, and an inter-laboratory SD of 0.19 log₁₀ cp/mL, and an intra-laboratory SD 0.07 to 0.18 log₁₀ cp/mL during the trial phase. Three EQA panels and three linearity panels showed similarly small variability during implementation as well as within the trial phase.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This data shows that TTV load measurement can be standardized for use in a multinational clinical trial. By using IQC, LP and EQA samples, the quality and integrity of the assay can be compared between laboratories and precise and accurate results can be generated.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15517,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Virology","volume":"175 ","pages":"Article 105738"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142604968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parvovirus B19 remains an underestimated pathogen among infections during gestation in Argentina: Insights through the study of symptomatic and asymptomatic pregnant patients and newborns from Córdoba","authors":"María Belén Colazo Salbetti ,&nbsp;Gabriel Boggio ,&nbsp;Néstor Dicuatro ,&nbsp;Ana Paula Gudiño ,&nbsp;Nicolás Olivera ,&nbsp;Mauro Pedranti ,&nbsp;María Beatriz Isa ,&nbsp;Ariel Bertoldi ,&nbsp;María José Miranda ,&nbsp;Gonzalo Rodriguez Lombardi ,&nbsp;Paola Sicilia ,&nbsp;Gonzalo Castro ,&nbsp;Laura Moreno ,&nbsp;María Pilar Adamo","doi":"10.1016/j.jcv.2024.105739","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcv.2024.105739","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Parvovirus B19 (B19 V) infection during pregnancy can cause adverse fetal outcomes. Our aim was to characterize both clinical and asymptomatic maternal and neonatal cases by studying virological and serological markers of B19 V infection, and to sequence the complete genome of the circulating virus in Argentina.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Symptomatic patients were included based on maternal and/or fetal-neonatal signs attributable to B19 V infection during gestation. Pregnant patients were analyzed in either the timely diagnosis group (TD, samples obtained when symptoms were present and infection was suspected) or the retrospective diagnosis group (RD, samples collected immediately postpartum), and newborns were analyzed at birth. A sample of asymptomatic individuals was also analyzed. Diagnostic tests (PCR/qPCR/serology) and sequencing were performed on archived serum samples from 2018 to 2023, and clinical data were obtained from medical records.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We studied 328 symptomatic patients, including 185 pregnant patients (73 TD and 112 RD) and 143 newborns. Among them, we identified 27/328 (8.2 %) positive cases (B19V+): 12/73 (16.4 %) in the TD group, 6/112 (5.4 %) in the RD group, and 9/143 (6.3 %) newborns. Within the 77 mother-newborn pairs included, there were 8 (10.4 %) B19 V infections and 6 cases of vertical transmission. Additionally, B19 V infection was detected in 26/310 (8.4 %) asymptomatic patients. Phylogenetic analysis identified genotype 1a as a circulating strain in Argentina.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our findings highlight the need to raise awareness and enhance diagnostic approaches in Argentina to more effectively identify and manage B19 V infections during pregnancy in our region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15517,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Virology","volume":"175 ","pages":"Article 105739"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142466621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Opt-out HIV screening in adults attending the Emergency Department of a London teaching hospital","authors":"Raissa Rachman ,&nbsp;Tanzina Haque ,&nbsp;Tristan J Barber ,&nbsp;Fiona Burns ,&nbsp;Jessica Pinto ,&nbsp;Alan Hunter ,&nbsp;Russell Durkin ,&nbsp;Jennifer Hart","doi":"10.1016/j.jcv.2024.105735","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcv.2024.105735","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Opt-out Emergency Department blood borne virus (EDBBV) screening was introduced at the Royal Free Hospital under the NHSEI (NHS England and NHS Improvement) programme to expand opt-out testing in local authority areas with high HIV prevalence. This initiative was part of the “Toward Zero” policy towards ending HIV transmission in England by 2030.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>All patients attending the Royal Free Hospital Emergency Department (ED) aged 16 and over were screened for blood borne viruses (HIV/HBV/HCV) unless they opted out. We looked at HIV data from patients seen in ED between the initiation of EDBBV testing on the 12^th of April and 12^th of August 2022. Hepatitis B and C data was reviewed in a separate study.</div></div><div><h3>Outcome</h3><div>A total of 12,208 samples from 10,641 patients were screened for HIV. Amongst these samples there were 88 which were positive, giving a seroprevalence of 0.84 %. There were 48 patients who were already known to local HIV services, 35 were known to HIV services outside of our Trust and 5 were new diagnoses.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our results confirmed our local HIV prevalence to be very high, as per the UK Health Security Agency and supports the need for HIV testing. Opt-out ED BBV screening has been a highly effective method for identifying people living with HIV who are unaware of their status.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15517,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Virology","volume":"175 ","pages":"Article 105735"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142501309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metagenomic characterization of viruses in the serum of children with newly diagnosed cancer","authors":"Gustaf Leijonhufvud ,&nbsp;Tatiany Aparecida Teixeira Soratto ,&nbsp;Gabriel Machado Matos ,&nbsp;Amanj Bajalan ,&nbsp;Claudia Eichler-Jonsson ,&nbsp;Britt Gustafsson ,&nbsp;Gordana Bogdanovic ,&nbsp;Tobias Allander ,&nbsp;Gustaf Ljungman ,&nbsp;Björn Andersson","doi":"10.1016/j.jcv.2024.105736","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcv.2024.105736","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and Objectives</h3><div>A large cohort of pediatric patients with various forms of childhood cancer was investigated for the presence of viruses using metagenomics. A total of 476 patient samples, collected between 1989 and 2018, were analyzed, representing various pediatric oncological diagnoses and a control group of non-malignant diagnoses.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>The study was carried out using metagenomic sequencing of serum samples. Viruses were identified and analyzed using bioinformatics methods, followed by Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) confirmation</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The results indicate that a wide range of viruses can be detected in the bloodstream of children with newly diagnosed cancer. Nine viral genomes were identified: Human Pegivirus (HPgV), Hepatitis C virus, Parechovirus 1, Rhinovirus C, Human papillomavirus 116, Human polyomavirus 10, Parvovirus B19, and different variants of Torque Teno Virus (TTV). In this study, a previously unknown virus was found belonging to the Iflavirdae family in the order Picornavirales. HPGV was significantly more common in patients with leukemia compared to other conditions.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These results highlight the abundance of systemic virus infections in children, and the value of metagenomic sequencing for hypothesis forming regarding the associations between virus infections and cancer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15517,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Virology","volume":"175 ","pages":"Article 105736"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142423693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-risk HPV mRNA testing on self-samples offered to those who do not attend for organised cervical screening – real world data from the Dumfries and Galloway region in Scotland","authors":"William Forson ,&nbsp;Ramya Bhatia ,&nbsp;Heather Currie ,&nbsp;Hana Elasifer ,&nbsp;Linzi Connor ,&nbsp;Allan Wilson ,&nbsp;Kate Cuschieri","doi":"10.1016/j.jcv.2024.105734","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcv.2024.105734","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>HPV self sampling can act as a tool to engage women in cervical screening and population based studies can inform optimal implementation of this approach.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Self sampling kits were mailed to women who had defaulted from routine screening resident in an entire territorial health board in Scotland. Kit return rates and compliance to colposcopy follow up in those who were HPV mRNA positive were assessed. Concordance of the self-sample with samples taken later at colposcopy was measured alongside PPV of an mRNA positive result for CIN2+.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of 4173 women invited to participate, 20.5 %, returned their kit and a greater return rate with increasing age was observed. HPV mRNA positivity was 12.0 %, and invalidity rate was approximately 3 %. Compliance to colposcopy follow up was 88.3 % and the PPV for an mRNA test for CIN2+ on a self sample was 25.6 %. hr-HPV concordance on the initial swab and the follow up swab and liquid based cytology (LBC) sample taken at colposcopy was 67.1 % and 30 % respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>HPV self sampling using a “mail to all” approach is feasible in Scotland although only 1 in 5 actively responded to the offer. Future work to monitor screening behaviours in those who were invited but did not engage initially will help quantify any additional benefit(s) incurred.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15517,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Virology","volume":"175 ","pages":"Article 105734"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142423694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hepatitis B virus (HBV) viremia despite tenofovir disoproxil fumarate-containing antiretroviral therapy in persons with HBV/HIV coinfection","authors":"Patrick Ryan ,&nbsp;Elizabeth Odegard ,&nbsp;Heidi Meeds ,&nbsp;Margaret Lartey ,&nbsp;Vincent J. Ganu ,&nbsp;Kenneth Tachi ,&nbsp;Hongmei Yang ,&nbsp;Oluwayemisi Ojewale ,&nbsp;Isaac Boamah ,&nbsp;Adjoa Obo-Akwa ,&nbsp;Kenneth Antwi ,&nbsp;Peter L. Anderson ,&nbsp;Jason T. Blackard ,&nbsp;Awewura Kwara","doi":"10.1016/j.jcv.2024.105733","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcv.2024.105733","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The goal of treatment of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection is suppression of both viruses; yet incomplete HBV suppression on tenofovir (TFV) disoproxil fumarate (TDF)-based antiretroviral therapy (ART) is common. This study investigated TFV resistance-associated mutations (RAMs) in individuals with HBV/HIV coinfection with viremia on TDF/lamivudine (3TC)-containing ART.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Samples from individuals with HBV DNA levels ≥20 IU/mL in a cross-sectional study of 138 persons with HBV/HIV coinfection in Ghana were analyzed in the present study. HBV was sequenced for RAM analysis. TFV-diphosphate (TFV-DP) concentration in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was used to assess ART adherence level.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Nine of 138 participants (6.5 %) had detectable HBV DNA levels ≥20 IU/mL while on ART. Seven of the nine participants had TFV-DP concentrations commensurate with 7 doses per week, and six had suppressed HIV RNA. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that eight sequences were HBV genotype E, with one genotype E/A recombinant. Ten previously-reported TFV RAMs were present in the study samples; eight were wild-type for HBV genotype E. The non-genotype-E-wild-type point mutations M267L and K333Q were found in two and one patients, respectively. No 3TC RAMs were found.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>HBV viremia despite high adherence to TDF/3TC-based ART may be associated with the presence of TFV RAMs. These findings highlight the need for enhanced resistance monitoring and further research to examine the clinical significance of reported TFV RAMs. Individuals with HBV/HIV coinfection and TFV resistance on TDF-based ART may need alternative treatment strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15517,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Virology","volume":"175 ","pages":"Article 105733"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142438155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of suspected false positive norovirus results on a syndromic gastrointestinal multiplex molecular panel","authors":"Mélissa Caza ,&nbsp;Kevin Kuchinski ,&nbsp;Kerstin Locher ,&nbsp;Jonathan Gubbay ,&nbsp;Matisse Harms ,&nbsp;David M. Goldfarb ,&nbsp;Rachel Floyd ,&nbsp;Ethan Kenmuir ,&nbsp;Marzieh Kalhor ,&nbsp;Marthe Charles ,&nbsp;Natalie Prystajecky ,&nbsp;Amanda Wilmer","doi":"10.1016/j.jcv.2024.105732","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcv.2024.105732","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Suspected false positive norovirus results occurred after introduction of the BioFire® FilmArray® Gastrointestinal panel (BF-GIP) into 6 laboratory sites, in British Columbia, Canada.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The primary objective was to investigate suspected false positive results by performing additional molecular assays and whole genome sequencing (WGS). The second objective was to determine if melting curve review could predict false positive results.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>From February 2023 to May 2024, the proportion of potential false positive norovirus results from the BF-GIP was calculated based on confirmatory testing using alternate molecular method. A subset of 65 norovirus BF-GIP positive specimens, including 35 negatives and 30 positives on additional molecular assays, underwent WGS. Melting curves appearances from 150 specimens were reviewed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Overall, 215/784 (27.4 %) BF-GIP norovirus results were suspected to be false positives. When using WGS, 64/65 results were in agreement with confirmatory testing. Notably, 35 specimens negative on confirmatory testing and suspected to be BF-GIP norovirus false positive results were undetectable by WGS. Melting curves did not accurately predict false positives, since 20/72 (27.8 %) had typical appearances upon review.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>BF-GIP produces false positive results for norovirus, which cannot be predicted by melting curve review.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15517,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Virology","volume":"175 ","pages":"Article 105732"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142380967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What have we learned from animal studies of immune responses to respiratory syncytial virus infection?","authors":"Simon B Drysdale ,&nbsp;Ryan S Thwaites ,&nbsp;Josephina Price ,&nbsp;Devika Thakur ,&nbsp;Joseph McGinley ,&nbsp;Calum McPherson ,&nbsp;Deniz Öner ,&nbsp;Jeroen Aerssens ,&nbsp;Peter JM Openshaw ,&nbsp;Andrew J Pollard ,&nbsp;On behalf of the RESCEU investigators","doi":"10.1016/j.jcv.2024.105731","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcv.2024.105731","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common cause of severe respiratory tract infection at the extremes of age and in vulnerable populations. However, it is difficult to predict the clinical course and most infants who develop severe disease have no pre-existing risk factors. With the recent licencing of RSV vaccines and monoclonal antibodies, it is important to identify high-risk individuals in order to prioritise those who will most benefit from prophylaxis. The immune response to RSV and the mechanisms by which the virus prevents the establishment of immunological memory have been extensively investigated but remain incompletely characterised. In animal models, beneficial and harmful immune responses have both been demonstrated. While only chimpanzees are fully permissive for human RSV replication, most research has been conducted in rodents, or in calves infected with bovine RSV. Based on these studies, components of innate and adaptive immune systems, cytokines, chemokines and metabolites, and specific genetic and transcriptomic signatures are identified as potential predictive indicators of RSV disease severity. These findings may inform the development of future human studies and contribute to the early identification of patients at high risk of severe infection. This narrative review summarises the factors involved in the immune response to RSV infection in these models and highlights the relationship between potential biomarkers and disease severity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15517,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Virology","volume":"175 ","pages":"Article 105731"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142377883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Circulating serotypes and genotypes of dengue virus during the 2023 outbreak in Eastern Nepal","authors":"Niten Bharati ,&nbsp;Shyam Prakash Dumre ,&nbsp;Yogendra Shah ,&nbsp;Takeshi Nabesima ,&nbsp;Meghnath Dhimal ,&nbsp;Srijana Pandey ,&nbsp;Merveille Kapandji ,&nbsp;Yuki Takamatsu ,&nbsp;Takeshi Urano ,&nbsp;Basu Dev Pandey ,&nbsp;Kouichi Morita ,&nbsp;Mya Myat Ngwe Tun ,&nbsp;Kishor Pandey","doi":"10.1016/j.jcv.2024.105721","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcv.2024.105721","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Dengue virus (DENV) is one of the most significant mosquito-borne diseases in Nepal. In 2023, DENV outbreaks began in Eastern Nepal, near the border with India, and rapidly spread nationwide. The study aims to describe the outbreak's epidemiological pattern, laboratory characteristics, DENV serotypes, and genotypes. A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted in four hospitals in Jhapa, Eastern Nepal, in 2023. Acute serum samples were obtained from dengue suspected patients within 7 days of illness and subjected to virus isolation, conventional and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and phylogenetic analysis. Out of 60 samples, 42 (70 %), 11 (18.3 %) and 7 (11.7 %) were primary, secondary and non-dengue infection, respectively. Among 53 dengue confirmed patients, 46 (86.7 %) were positive for NS1 and 12 (22.6 %) were positive for both NS1 and IgM. Out of 42 dengue isolates, a new clade of the cosmopolitan genotype of DENV-2 was the most prevalent (28, 66.7 %), followed by genotype III of DENV-3 (11, 26.2 %) and genotype V of DENV-1 (3, 7.1 %). Genotype III of DENV-3 was first introduced in 2022–2023 in Nepal. Phylogenetic analysis of the E gene revealed the DENV-2 isolates from Nepal had 98 % homologous nucleotide similarity with the strains from India and Bangladesh. To our knowledge, this is the first report of circulating serotypes and genotypes of DENV in Jhapa. Integrating molecular findings into the dengue control plan can enhance surveillance efforts, monitor disease trends, and implement proactive measures to reduce the burden of dengue and prevent fatalities in future outbreaks.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15517,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Virology","volume":"174 ","pages":"Article 105721"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142129268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}