Prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection among pregnant women and cord blood hepatitis B surface antigen positive newborns in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia

IF 4 3区医学 Q2 VIROLOGY

Journal of Clinical Virology Pub Date : 2025-06-11 DOI:10.1016/j.jcv.2025.105826

Carine Bokop , Nisha Dhar , Alane Izu , Jayendrie Thaver-Kleitman , Nishi Prabdial-sing , Musa Mohammed Ali , Godwin Akaba , Hellen C. Barsosio , James A. Berkley , Manisha Madhai Beck , Tolossa E. Chaka , Clare L. Cutland , Phurb Dorji , Maksuda Islam , Adama Mamby Keita , Feleke Belachew Lema , Nubwa Medugu , Stella Mwakio , Stephen Obaro , Eyinade K. Olateju , Shabir A. Madhi

{"title":"Prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection among pregnant women and cord blood hepatitis B surface antigen positive newborns in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia","authors":"Carine Bokop , Nisha Dhar , Alane Izu , Jayendrie Thaver-Kleitman , Nishi Prabdial-sing , Musa Mohammed Ali , Godwin Akaba , Hellen C. Barsosio , James A. Berkley , Manisha Madhai Beck , Tolossa E. Chaka , Clare L. Cutland , Phurb Dorji , Maksuda Islam , Adama Mamby Keita , Feleke Belachew Lema , Nubwa Medugu , Stella Mwakio , Stephen Obaro , Eyinade K. Olateju , Shabir A. Madhi","doi":"10.1016/j.jcv.2025.105826","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Newborns infected with Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) are at risk of chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study investigated the prevalence of HBV infection among pregnant women and cord blood Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positivity of their newborns in Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Ethiopia, Mozambique, Kenya, Nigeria, Mali, and South Africa.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>Randomly selected paired maternal and cord blood samples (n = 101 each site) taken at delivery were tested for HBsAg and Hepatitis B extractable antigen (HBeAg) in the women using a chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay. Similarly, cord blood sample of newborn was assessed for HBsAg reactivity. HBV DNA was quantified using the Xpert® HBV viral load assay, followed by genotyping.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The overall prevalence of maternal HBsAg positivity was 5.5 % (95 %CI: 0.4 %–7.1 %; n = 50/909). HBsAg positivity was higher in African countries (7.3 %; 95 %CI: 5.4 %–9.6 %; n = 44/606) compared to South Asian countries (2.0 %; 95 %CI: 0.8 %–4.3 %; n = 6/303; p = 0.002). Relative to South Africa, there were higher odds of HBsAg sero-positivity in women from Mozambique ((aOR): 7.7, 95 %CI: 1.6 %–37.8 %) and Mali (aOR: 5.7; 95 %CI: 1.1 %–29.7 %). The rate of HBsAg positivity in cord blood of babies born to HBsAg positive women was 28.0 % (95 %CI: 17.1 %–42.3 %; n = 14/50), including 31.8 % (95 %CI: 19.5–47.4 %; n = 14/44) in African countries. No cord blood HBsAg positivity was observed in South Asia. Genotypic analysis revealed HBV genotypes A (41.7 %) and E (58.3 %) were pre-dominant.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The high rate of cord blood positivity (28.0 %) for HBsAg underscores the urgency of enhancing HBV prevention strategies to meet the World Health Organization’s target of a 90 % reduction in new HBV infections by 2030.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15517,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Virology","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 105826"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Clinical Virology","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S138665322500068X","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"VIROLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background

Newborns infected with Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) are at risk of chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma.

Objectives

This study investigated the prevalence of HBV infection among pregnant women and cord blood Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positivity of their newborns in Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Ethiopia, Mozambique, Kenya, Nigeria, Mali, and South Africa.

Study design

Randomly selected paired maternal and cord blood samples (n = 101 each site) taken at delivery were tested for HBsAg and Hepatitis B extractable antigen (HBeAg) in the women using a chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay. Similarly, cord blood sample of newborn was assessed for HBsAg reactivity. HBV DNA was quantified using the Xpert® HBV viral load assay, followed by genotyping.

Results

The overall prevalence of maternal HBsAg positivity was 5.5 % (95 %CI: 0.4 %–7.1 %; n = 50/909). HBsAg positivity was higher in African countries (7.3 %; 95 %CI: 5.4 %–9.6 %; n = 44/606) compared to South Asian countries (2.0 %; 95 %CI: 0.8 %–4.3 %; n = 6/303; p = 0.002). Relative to South Africa, there were higher odds of HBsAg sero-positivity in women from Mozambique ((aOR): 7.7, 95 %CI: 1.6 %–37.8 %) and Mali (aOR: 5.7; 95 %CI: 1.1 %–29.7 %). The rate of HBsAg positivity in cord blood of babies born to HBsAg positive women was 28.0 % (95 %CI: 17.1 %–42.3 %; n = 14/50), including 31.8 % (95 %CI: 19.5–47.4 %; n = 14/44) in African countries. No cord blood HBsAg positivity was observed in South Asia. Genotypic analysis revealed HBV genotypes A (41.7 %) and E (58.3 %) were pre-dominant.

Conclusion

The high rate of cord blood positivity (28.0 %) for HBsAg underscores the urgency of enhancing HBV prevention strategies to meet the World Health Organization’s target of a 90 % reduction in new HBV infections by 2030.

查看原文本刊更多论文

撒哈拉以南非洲和南亚孕妇和脐带血乙型肝炎表面抗原阳性新生儿中乙型肝炎病毒感染的流行情况

新生儿感染乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）有发生慢性肝病和肝细胞癌的危险。目的调查孟加拉国、不丹、印度、埃塞俄比亚、莫桑比克、肯尼亚、尼日利亚、马里和南非的孕妇HBV感染情况及其新生儿脐带血乙型肝炎表面抗原（HBsAg）阳性情况。研究设计：采用化学发光微粒免疫分析法，在分娩时随机选择配对的产妇和脐带血样本（每个部位n = 101）检测HBsAg和乙型肝炎可提取抗原（HBeAg）。同样，对新生儿脐带血样本进行HBsAg反应性评估。采用Xpert®HBV病毒载量测定法定量HBV DNA，然后进行基因分型。结果孕产妇HBsAg阳性总体患病率为5.5% (95% CI: 0.4% - 7.1%；n = 50/909)。HBsAg阳性在非洲国家较高(7.3%；95% ci: 5.4% - 9.6%；n = 44/606)，而南亚国家(2.0%；95% ci: 0.8% - 4.3%；n = 6/303；p = 0.002)。与南非相比，莫桑比克妇女HBsAg血清阳性的几率更高（aOR: 7.7, 95% CI: 1.6% - 37.8%）和马里(aOR: 5.7；95% ci: 1.1% - 29.7%)。HBsAg阳性妇女所生婴儿脐带血HBsAg阳性率为28.0% (95% CI: 17.1% ~ 42.3%；n = 14/50),包括31.8%(95%置信区间CI: 19.5 - -47.4%;n = 14/44)。南亚地区未见脐带血HBsAg阳性。基因型分析显示HBV基因型为A型（41.7%）和E型（58.3%）。结论脐带血乙肝表面抗原（HBsAg）的高阳性率（28.0%）强调了加强HBV预防策略的紧迫性，以实现世界卫生组织到2030年将新发HBV感染减少90%的目标。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

Journal of Clinical Virology 医学-病毒学

CiteScore

22.70

自引率

1.10%

发文量

149

审稿时长

24 days

期刊介绍： The Journal of Clinical Virology, an esteemed international publication, serves as the official journal for both the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology and The European Society for Clinical Virology. Dedicated to advancing the understanding of human virology in clinical settings, the Journal of Clinical Virology focuses on disseminating research papers and reviews pertaining to the clinical aspects of virology. Its scope encompasses articles discussing diagnostic methodologies and virus-induced clinical conditions, with an emphasis on practicality and relevance to clinical practice. The journal publishes on topics that include: • new diagnostic technologies • nucleic acid amplification and serologic testing • targeted and metagenomic next-generation sequencing • emerging pandemic viral threats • respiratory viruses • transplant viruses • chronic viral infections • cancer-associated viruses • gastrointestinal viruses • central nervous system viruses • one health (excludes animal health)