Journal of Contemporary Pharmacy Practice最新文献

{"title":"Prescription medication-induced psychosis: A high alert for drug experts","authors":"Najla Taslim, Dustin Edge","doi":"10.56770/jcp2020414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56770/jcp2020414","url":null,"abstract":"Psychosis is a complex mental illness of behavioral, psychological, and emotional disturbances. Secondary psychosis can be elicited by prescription medications and literature is replete with examples of such drugs. Objectives: The goal of this article is to gather information from multiple published sources to highlight the culprit prescription medications that are linked with psychotic episodes and compose the findings into a simplified, standalone publication for readers to conveniently become aware of this phenomenon. It is also intended to reiterate the critical role and significance of the pharmacist as a vital player in a health care team. Methods: The scientific literature was searched on the PubMed database using the key search phrase “psychosis, medicines or drug or prescription.” The search was limited to the time period from 1960-2019 to ensure the inclusion of the vast majority of previously reported cases of currently available medicines and their related psychoses. Conclusion: Commonly prescribed medications can cause serious, albeit preventable, psychiatric issues. Pharmacists as vital players in patient care can avert the untoward psychotic episode by taking timely steps in notifying the prescribers or counseling the patient on measures to avoid serious and fatal psychotic issues.","PeriodicalId":15502,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Pharmacy Practice","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90971245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of in vitro pharmacological activities of Diospyros malabarica kostel fruit","authors":"Sahar Javed, Sabi Rehman, Muzamil Zaman Khan, Anwar Khalid, Rida Qaseem, Muhammad Humayun","doi":"10.56770/jcp2020412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56770/jcp2020412","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To explore the in vitro pharmacological activities of fruit of Diospyros malabarica. Method: 70% ethanolic extracts of Diospyros malabarica was screened against ten pathogenic bacteria, five strains of gram +ve, five strains of gram –ve bacteria and fungi by using disc diffusion method. Moreover, to study the toxicity of this fruit, we conducted a saltwater shrimp lethality bioassay based on the ability to kill laboratory cultured brine shrimps (Artemiasalina). Results: Fruits extracts were found to exhibit antimicrobial activity against bacterial pathogens with the zone of inhibition ranges between 13mm to 19mm. Fruit Extracts was also tested for its antifungal activity against fungal strains exhibiting zone of inhibition ranges from 14 mm to 19 mm. The fruit extract of Diospyros malabarica shows significant lethality towards brine shrimps at LD50 value of 93.55 ppm. Conclusion: Plant extracts is potentially effective in suppressing microbial and fungal growth. As fruit extracts has significant LD50 value thus it can be further used for cancer cell line studies.","PeriodicalId":15502,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Pharmacy Practice","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85754119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A mini review: Cancer, types and its treatment alongwith its complications","authors":"Rabia Shakeel, Ayesha Liaqat, Huma Khalid","doi":"10.56770/jcp2020415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56770/jcp2020415","url":null,"abstract":"People differ from one another in many ways, including how our bodies work. How our bodies differ is still being studied; but some key differences are already known. Cancer can cause symptoms like pain and fatigue. Cancer treatment is used to remove or destroy cancer cells either by chemotherapy, surgery radiation but can also cause side effects. Side effects are unhealthy or unpleasant physical or emotional reactions to treatment. Side effects can also include pain or fatigue as well as many other symptoms. Not every patient with cancer gets symptoms. It depends on many factors. Such factors include the type and stage of cancer, and the type, length, and amount of treatment. In any case, relief from symptoms is often possible.","PeriodicalId":15502,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Pharmacy Practice","volume":"30 6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77139079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis of niosomes of diclofenac sodium and their microscopic evaluation","authors":"Muhammad Zaid, Khalil Ahmed, Awais Rasool, Muhammad Adeel","doi":"10.56770/jcp2020411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56770/jcp2020411","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Incorporation of drugs into non-ionic surfactant vesicles (niosomes) during their manufacture affords apossible method of achieving controlled release. The aim of this study was to formulate niosomes as carriers for delivery of diclofenac sodium (DCS) to achieve controlled release. Method: Niosomes were prepared by Ether injection method using non-ionic surfactant (Span 80) and cholesterol in ratio of 1:1, the organic solvent (dichloromethane) and phosphate buffer. Results: The prepared niosomes were then evaluated for physical appearance, light microscopy, optical microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and entrapment efficiency.Conclusion: Diclofenac sodium niosomes were prepared successfully without using charge inducing surfaces andwere confirmed by microscopic evaluation. ","PeriodicalId":15502,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Pharmacy Practice","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75286890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effective formulation of glimepiride loaded oral thin films for rapid drug availability","authors":"Amna Manzar, Kainat Anwar, Komal Shabbir, Aqsa Itzaz, Andleeb-e-Taiba","doi":"10.56770/jcp2020413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56770/jcp2020413","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Patient convenience and compliance-oriented research has resulted in bringing out safer and newer drugdelivery systems. Recently, fast dissolving drug delivery systems have started gaining popularity and acceptance. Fast dissolving films (FDF) were initially introduced in the market as breath fresheners and personal care products such as dental care strips and soap strips, but now regarded as the most advanced form of oral route of drug Administration. Problems such as poor solubility and wettability of drugs has resolved to higher extent. This projectwas aimed to formulate Fast Dissolving Oral Thin films of Glimepiride GOTFs, glimepiride is a new oral sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent for the treatment of non-insulin dependent (type II) diabetes mellitus. It is classified under class II according to biopharmaceutical classification system with low solubility and high permeability. Method: GOFTs were prepared by using solvent casting method and Hydroxy Methyl Propyl Cellulose (HPMC) as a polymer. Results: GOTFs 0.1mm in thickness were prepared which were appropriate in appearance as well as fulfilled all criterions of Oral Thin Films Formulations. The disintegration time for GOFTs was 3 seconds and oral films. The pH of films was 6.2, Tensile strength was 7 N/mm2 and percent elongation was 19%. Conclusion: From the results of this study it can be concluded that prepared optimized fast dissolving Oral Films of glimepiride are the better option to treat diabetes.","PeriodicalId":15502,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Pharmacy Practice","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82135282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacy Stories from the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"A. Wright, Trina von Waldner, M. Stebbins, Shawn R Smith","doi":"10.37901/jcphp20-000e2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37901/jcphp20-000e2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15502,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Pharmacy Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44479770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"California Community Pharmacist Preparedness in Ordering and Interpreting Laboratory Tests","authors":"Angelica Del Rosario, Kathleen Feng, L. Haddad, Brian Lee, Ryan Murakami, Eric Pinashin, Ashley Tuttle, Kevin R. Young, M. Durham, E. Mirzaian","doi":"10.37901/jcphp18-00027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37901/jcphp18-00027","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction\u0000The passage of Senate Bill 493 (SB 493) granted California pharmacists the ability to order and interpret lab tests without physician approval. Despite this legislation, not all pharmacists are aware of, or exercise, this authority. The goals of this study are to describe 1) pharmacists' willingness, 2) perceived factors influencing pharmacist preparedness, and 3) challenges and barriers to ordering laboratory tests in the community setting.\u0000\u0000Methods\u0000This is a prospective, descriptive survey study that was performed using online survey software from August 31, 2017, to October 4, 2017. An anonymous link was distributed to California pharmacists via California Society of Health-System Pharmacists (CSHP) and California Pharmacists Association (CPhA) email newsletters. Additionally, targeted interviews of pharmacists were conducted by phone to qualitatively assess barriers as well as successful practices. Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval was obtained prior to initiating the study.\u0000\u0000Results\u0000Sixty-six pharmacist respondents completed the online survey. The reported two biggest barriers to ordering lab tests identified by community pharmacists were 1) lack of available time and 2) compensation structure. Despite these barriers, most pharmacists were willing to order and interpret laboratory tests and accept the liability, regardless of a reimbursement guarantee.\u0000\u0000Conclusions\u0000Community pharmacists self-report preparedness to order and interpret laboratory tests. Barriers in carrying out this task include lack of staff, resources, compensation, and reimbursement structure.","PeriodicalId":15502,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Pharmacy Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46619783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of a Pharmacist-led COPD Clinic on Patient Outcomes in a Rural Healthcare Clinic","authors":"S. Russell, Steven Johnson, Elizabeth Mills","doi":"10.37901/jcphp19-00013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37901/jcphp19-00013","url":null,"abstract":"Background\u0000While it is well documented that pharmacists improve disease state outcomes, there are currently no studies evaluating a pharmacist’s impact on quality of life (QOL), lung function, and adherence in COPD patients, specifically in a rural healthcare setting. We aimed to compare changes in patient QOL with and without participation in a pharmacist-led COPD clinic in a rural healthcare setting. \u0000Methods\u0000This was a single-center, prospective, open-label, case/control study performed at a rural healthcare center during December 2018 through June 2019. Enrolled patients were assigned to either the case or control arm on an alternating basis. Case participants received individualized patient care including PFT, QOL assessment utilizing the St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), disease state education, and medication management for a total of 3 appointments during a 6-month period. Control subjects did not receive the individualized intervention during the 3 appointments and only completed the PFT, SGRQ, and medication adherence counseling.\u0000Results\u0000A total of 20 patients participated in the complete 6-month COPD clinic. At the end of the 6-month clinic, there was not a statistically significant difference between the groups in regard to SGRQ values (p=0.191), medication adherence (p=0.279), and lung function (p=0.321). Limitations included randomization methods and sample size. \u0000Conclusions\u0000Although there was not a statistically significant difference between the groups; significant mediation management interventions were made for participants in both the intervention and control groups. Pharmacists are well positioned in multiple practice settings to contribute to the improvement of quality of life for these patients.","PeriodicalId":15502,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Pharmacy Practice","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41945114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Critical Appraisal of the AUGUSTUS Trial","authors":"Vineet Tatle, Reem Aljanabi, Noelle de Leon","doi":"10.37901/jcphp19-00009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37901/jcphp19-00009","url":null,"abstract":"Patient Population: Adult patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) who were indicated for use of oral anticoagulation who developed an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) event or had undergone percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in the last 14 days, with planned use of a P2Y 12 inhibitor for at least six months. Patients with severe renal insufficiency (defined as creatinine clearance less than 30 ml/min or serum creatinine greater than 2.5 mg/dL) and patients who were using anticoagulation for other conditions, such as prosthetic valves or venous thromboembolism, were excluded from the study. Intervention: The trial was a two-by-two factorial design comparing apixaban with a vitamin K antagonist (VKA) and comparing aspirin (ASA) with a placebo. For the first factorial comparison, a total of 2,306 patients were randomized to receive apixaban. Of these randomized patients, 2,290 patients received at least one dose of apixaban. As for the second factorial comparison, 2,307 patients were randomized to receive ASA. Of these randomized patients, 2,277 patients received at least one dose of ASA. Comparison: A total of 2,308 patients were randomized to receive VKA, and 2,259 patients received at least one dose of VKA. Those subjects had the dose adjusted to reach a target international normalized ratio (INR) within a range of 2.0 to 3.0. As for the second factorial comparison, a placebo was assigned to 2,307 patients. Of these patients, 2,279 had received at least one dose of the placebo. Outcome: The primary outcome was a composite of major and clinically relevant nonmajor bleeding defined by the International Society on Thrombosis and Hemostasis with a follow-up period of six months. A secondary outcome evaluated was a composite of all-cause death and all-cause hospitalization, as well as a composite of death or ischemic events. The primary endpoint is a composite safety outcome of ISTH major and clinically relevant non-major bleeding. ISTH major bleeding was defined as bleeding that resulted in death, occurred in a critical organ, or was associated with either a decrease in the hemoglobin level of at least 2 g per deciliter or a transfusion of at least two units of packed red cells. Anticoagulation with apixaban resulted in overall reduction in bleeding events. The reduction was similar in magnitude across the composite and individual outcomes. Using aspirin as an antiplatelet, in addition to the use of an anticoagulant, significantly increases the risk of ISTH major or clinically relevant non-major bleeding. The significance of the composite outcome was not driven by any particular outcome, since both components were shown to be statistically significant. of P2Y apixaban for six months, one nonmajor bleeding, when compared to treatment with a VKA. Aspirin led to a higher bleeding risk compared with placebo with an NNH of 14. for every 14 people with AF and recent PCI or ACS receiving a P2Y 12 inhibitor who receive treatment with aspirin for six months","PeriodicalId":15502,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Pharmacy Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47244316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"California Pharmacists' and Pharmacy Technicians' Opinions on Administration of Immunizations in Community Pharmacies by Pharmacy Technicians","authors":"P. Gavaza, Hackworth Zachary, H. Trina, Kim Haneul, Lopez Zuleyka, Mamahit Jonathan, Vasquez Miriam, Vo Jenee, Kawahara Nancy, Z. Farnoosh","doi":"10.37901/jcphp19-00001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37901/jcphp19-00001","url":null,"abstract":"Pharmacy technicians are prohibited from administering immunizations in California. This study sought to determine the opinions of California pharmacists and pharmacy technicians on the administration of immunizations in community pharmacies by pharmacy technicians.\u0000\u0000Both pharmacists and pharmacy technicians supported the authorization of pharmacy technicians to administer immunizations. Both believed that pharmacy technicians' assistance in administering immunizations would be beneficial.","PeriodicalId":15502,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Pharmacy Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42206403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}