Journal of Contemporary Pharmacy Practice最新文献

{"title":"Formulation and evaluation of buccal bioadhesive tablets using glimepiride as a model drug","authors":"Syeda Sualyha Noor, Muhammad Akram Choohan","doi":"10.56770/jcp2020422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56770/jcp2020422","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: The present investigation is concerned with formulation and evaluation of bioadhesive buccal tabletscontaining antidiabetic drug, Glimepiride to circumvent the first pass effect and to improve its bioavailability because bioadhesion has shown renewed interest for prolonging the residence time of bioadhesive dosage forms through various mucosal routes in drug delivery applications. Bioadhesive-based topical and local systems have shown enhanced bioavailability. Bioadhesive drug delivery gives rapid absorption and good bioavailability due to itsconsiderable surface area and high blood flow. Drug delivery across the mucosa bypasses the first-pass hepaticmetabolism and avoiding the degradation of gastrointestinal enzymes and with reduction in dosing frequency and dose related side effects. Methods: The tablets were prepared by direct compression method. Six formulations weredeveloped with varying concentrations of polymers like sodium alginate, PVP and magnesium stearate. The tabletswere tested for weight variation, hardness, surface pH, drug content uniformity, percentage swelling index,bioadhesive strength, ex-vivo residence time in-vitro drug dissolution study, in-vitro drug release kinetic study, exvivo permeation study and Stability study. Results: FTIR studies showed no evidence on interactions between drug, polymers, and excipients. The surface pH, bioadhesive strength was found to be 6.22, 16g and, respectively. The formulation containing 4 mg of Glimepiride exhibited 6 h sustained drug release i.e. 93.98±0.8% with desiredtherapeutic concentration. The drug permeation from the formulation was slow and steady and 3.56 mg of Glimepiride could permeate through sheep buccal membrane with a flux of 0.27 mg hr-1 cm-2. The in-vitro release kinetics studies reveal that the formulation fits well with zero order kinetics. Conclusion: Hence, it was concluded that the formulation was suitable for all the evaluation parameters and can be permeated through human buccal mucosa.","PeriodicalId":15502,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Pharmacy Practice","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85512497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Case study: A qualitative study aimed at comparing standard therapy in a breast cancer patient to the spiritual healing and psychological support, in improving patient’s compliance","authors":"Ali Hassan, Hafiz Abdul Majeed, Azizullah Kakar","doi":"10.56770/jcp2020423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56770/jcp2020423","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Breast tumor is the most well-known type of cancerous growth in ladies of Pakistan. The effect of theunderlying diagnosis, treatment conventions, chemotherapeutic agents in contrast with culture, social and psychological parts of the ailment is not settled. Method: This subjective review analyzed and contrasted thestandard treatment conventions and the Spiritual Healing including psychological support utilized by patient withbreast cancer in connection to its effect on the enhanced quality of her life and her enhanced wellbeing status. MrsFouzia Mohsin a patient with bosom malignancy persistent, mother of 6 youngsters having an age of 53 years and 5months from Faisalabad experiencing chemotherapy from Shifa International Hospital Islamabad and also SpiritualHealing and mental support was met. Information were dissected utilizing topical examination. The patient'sunderstanding of bosom disease concentrated on the conviction of suitability of medication treatment picked by herphysician and in addition the positive mental impact of Spiritual recuperating alongside the scope of feelings felt allthrough her ailment. Results: The significance of spiritual healing and mental support of the family along withbreast cancer tackling techniques i.e chemotherapy, radiotherapy and mastectomy is far excessively helpful andsteady in method for upgrading consistence to treatment and accordingly enhanced personal satisfaction. This is the principal study to look into the case of lady experiencing breast cancer on the experiencing chemotherapy andSpiritual Healing. This article gives illumination of the voiced encounters of a woman with breast tumor. The information not just highlights the part of standard chemotherapy and radiotherapy as fundamental adaptingmethodologies additionally underlines the adapting of issues like disengagement, hostility, and outrage as regularreactions to chemotherapy through Spiritual Healing and Psychological support of the family. Conclusion: One of akind elements are bosom malignancy patient's have to look for Spiritual Healing and Support of family for hersickness to remain spurred and increment in her consistence. These social elements require advance examination and research.","PeriodicalId":15502,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Pharmacy Practice","volume":"111 44","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72377262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Formulation of extended release orphenadrine citrate tablets to treat muscle spasm and pain","authors":"Amber, Zunaira Imtiaz, Amina Kanwal, Iqra Akram, Kanwal Latif","doi":"10.56770/jcp2020421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56770/jcp2020421","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Orphenadrine is an anticholinergic, antimuscarinic, centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant. It presentsin the form of citrate and HCl salts which are used in treatment of the symptoms of mild Parkinson's disease andalso it is used as adjuvant with other drugs in the therapy. Method: Many trials were made to formulate orphenadrine citrate as tablet using wet granulation or direct compression technique in order to get a satisfactoryformula through studying the effect of various factors such as binders, diluents and disintegrants types. The bestformula was obtained by using poly vinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) as a binder also the results indicated that starch andmannitol gave acceptable physical properties to the tablets when they were used as diluents. At the same time, theresults showed that avicel which was used as a disintegrant gave an acceptable disintegration and dissolution time in comparison with the reference tablet DISIPAL. In addition, the selected formula was used to study the effect ofmethod of incorporation of disintegrant on the physical properties of tablets. Result: It was found that theintragranular incorporation resulted in a shorter disintegration and dissolution times. The stability of orphenadrinecitrate prepared tablets was also studied upon storage at 50C, 60C and 70C for four months. Conclusion: Theoverall results of this study indicate that the drug can be prepared as tablets, which fit the requirements of BritishPharmacopoeia since the prepared tablets gave satisfactory results.","PeriodicalId":15502,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Pharmacy Practice","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84524815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retinoid based nanoemulsions: Preparation to therapeutic applications","authors":"Ayesha Rauf, Muhammad jamshaid, Mahmood Ahmad, Irfan Bashir","doi":"10.56770/jcp2020424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56770/jcp2020424","url":null,"abstract":"Modern mode of drug delivery system has been constructed to defeat the main issues linked with the traditional drug delivery system. This particular review will give an idea about the retinoid based nanoemulsion system. The main focus is to briefly explain the different aspects of nanoemulsion formulations, procedure of preparation, portrayal procedures with special focus on different utilizations of nanoemulsion in various area. Nanoemulsions are colloidal dispersion system that are composed of two non-miscible mixtures mixed along with surfactants and co-surfactants emulsifier to develop a single phase which is thermodynamically balanced. Nanoemulsion droplet sizes commonly fall in the range of 20-200 nm and show thin size distributions. Nanoscale dispersions of droplets of one liquid in another insoluble liquid can be achieved by using extreme emulsification procedures. Retinoid, better known as vitamin A are lipophillic in nature. They are vastly used for therapeutic purpose in skin disorders. Retinoid are among one of the fundamental compound found in cosmeceuticals. They are the most investigated compound with sufficient information supporting them. Retinoid include natural or synthetic derivatives that decrease hyperpigmentation and limit collagen breaking enzymes. Nanoemulsions comprise of tiny oil-in-water globules, havingless than 100 nm diameter. They are delicate frameworks by nature. Traditional formulations are restricted becauseof irritation, poor aqueous solubility and high instability of retinoid. But administration of retinoid in aqueous mediais enabled due to nanoemulsion based formulation, decreasing degradation, controlled release, high stability,improve targeting and enhance efficacy. Nanoemulsion show incredible guarantee for the future of beauty careproducts, diagnostics, treatments, and biotechnologies. The unique properties of nanoemulsions such as highstability, translucent appearance and efficient drug delivery attribute has attracted researchers interest which is oneof the reason why the usage of nanoscale emulsion has grown rapidly during the recent decades. Nanoemulsionformulation might be considered as viable, safe and with enhanced bioavailability. Comparing to the conventionaltopical formulation, nanoemulsion possess advance transdermal permeation of various drugs such as gels andemulsions. Nanoemulsion is significantly important in modern pharmaceutical industry and provide many benefitsin drug delivery systems. This review is focused on the most recent literature on developments of retinoid basednanoemulsions.","PeriodicalId":15502,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Pharmacy Practice","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73769151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review of lab diagnosis in modern era, current instruments used for diagnosis of hepatitis","authors":"Mahrukh, Shabia Anjum, Safa, Sana Maryum","doi":"10.56770/jcp2020425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56770/jcp2020425","url":null,"abstract":"Viral hepatitis is a global public health problem, particularly in developing countries due to its persistent circulationin the environment. The improved sanitary condition, increase in awareness of personal hygiene and otherprecautionary measures have led to the marked reduction in transmission of hepatitis. There are various causes fordifferent types of hepatitis. Hepatitis B and hepatitis C are more prevailing types of hepatitis. Various types ofdiagnostic tests are being performed including serologic tests (to detect antibody in serum) and molecular tests (toanalyze biological markers in the genome and proteome), which vary with the type of hepatitis. The development ofdetection techniques possessing the requisite sensitivity and specificity for the practical routine monitoring purposesis of great importance necessary for the protection of public. Mostly PCR and ELISA are used for performingdiagnostic tests. PCR are very expensive techniques and used by higher labs and hospitals.","PeriodicalId":15502,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Pharmacy Practice","volume":"85 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84846600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating Opioid Dispensing Rates among Pediatrics and Young Adults based on CURES Data Reporting in California from 2015-2019.","authors":"Michael T Phan,&nbsp;Courtney Wong,&nbsp;Daniel M Tomaszewski,&nbsp;Zeev N Kain,&nbsp;Brooke Jenkins,&nbsp;Candice Donaldson,&nbsp;Michelle Fortier,&nbsp;Sun Yang","doi":"10.37901/jcphp20-00012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37901/jcphp20-00012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Receipt of opioid prescriptions in pediatric and young adult patients may be a risk factor for future opioid misuse. Data from prescription drug monitoring programs provide insight on outpatient opioid use. In our study, we analyzed the opioid dispensing rates for pediatrics and young adults in California.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A secondary analysis was performed from 2015-2019 using Controlled Utilization Review and Evaluation System data. This database provides dispensing data of controlled substances in California. Patients younger than 25 years who were prescribed opiates were analyzed by county. We further divided them into two groups (children: ≤14 years; adolescents and young adult: 15-24 years). Descriptive statistics and heat maps were used to illustrate the trends in opioid usage among different age groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall percentages for the number of opioids being dispensed to patients aged <25 years have decreased over the past four years. In 2015, 6 out of 58 counties in California were considered \"high-rate\" with >2.9% of opioids dispensed to patients younger than 25 years old; in 2019, this number reduced to zero. Patients 25 and older received a higher proportion of opioids compared to younger populations; in 2019, 35.91% of opioids were dispensed to patients 45-64, and 8.92% to patients younger than 25.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Pediatric opioid prescriptions have declined over the recent years. However, a high degree of variability of prescription rates between demographic counties was noted. More studies are warranted in order to understand this discrepancy in opioid prescribing among pediatric and young adult patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":15502,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Pharmacy Practice","volume":"67 4","pages":"23-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8341537/pdf/nihms-1698064.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39292479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Switch from Infliximab to Infliximab-dyyb for Rheumatology Indications","authors":"A. Spoto, Katie Pitcher, R. Hui, Aeris Lautchang","doi":"10.37901/JCPHP20-00014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37901/JCPHP20-00014","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Multiple expert panels at Kaiser Permanente approved infliximab-dyyb (Inflectra®), a biosimilar to the reference product infliximab (Remicade®), to be the preferred infliximab agent for therapeutic substitution from infliximab for adult patients with dermatologic, rheumatologic, and/or gastroenterologic diagnoses. The objective of this study was to assess the safety and effectiveness of infliximab-dyyb for Kaiser Permanente Northern California patients with psoriatic and rheumatoid arthritis who switched from infliximab to infliximab-dyyb. Methods This was an observational, data-only, non-inferiority study assessing adult patients with a rheumatologic condition of psoriatic arthritis (PsA) or rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who were switched from infliximab to infliximab-dyyb or used infliximab continuously in the Northern California region of Kaiser Permanente from May 2017 through May 2018. Both groups were followed for 12 months. The primary effectiveness outcome was disease worsening requiring acute care defined as emergency room visit or hospitalization related to the rheumatologic condition or orthopedic surgery intervention. Non-inferiority was set at an upper limit of 4%. Results A total of 70 individuals were identified as continuing infliximab and 727 individuals were switched to infliximab-dyyb. There were 2 patients (2.9%) in the infliximab group and 22 patients (3.0%) in the infliximab-dyyb group who experienced disease worsening requiring acute care (P = 0.03 for non-inferiority). Conclusion There was no increased risk of disease worsening requiring acute care in patients with RA or PsA who switched from infliximab to infliximab-dyyb when compared to patients who remained on infliximab in this population.","PeriodicalId":15502,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Pharmacy Practice","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70202409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the Implementation of Pharmacists’ Prescriptive Authority to Furnish Hormonal Contraceptives, Naloxone, and Nicotine Replacement Therapy in California","authors":"Janet Petrosyan, Tina Tchalikian, A. O'Connor, Juliana Avakeretyan, Marina Dykhne","doi":"10.37901/JCPHP20-00015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37901/JCPHP20-00015","url":null,"abstract":"Background California State Board of Pharmacy passed Senate Bill 493 authorizing pharmacists to furnish self-administered hormonal contraceptives, nicotine replacement products, and naloxone. Although California Senate Bill 493 expanded pharmacists’ scope of practice, limited implementation persists. Objective The objectives of this study were to assess the implementation of pharmacists’ prescriptive authority to furnish hormonal contraceptives, naloxone, and NRT in California as allowed by the Board of Pharmacy and availability of these services to patients in order to facilitate the development of strategies to expand them. The objective of the first part was to investigate reported awareness and barriers to implementation of services, while the second part was to report actual implementation rates. Methods This was an IRB-approved two-part cross-sectional survey that explored factors that may be associated with the limited implementation of the expanded scope of practice services. Results The two-part study had a total of 389 respondents. In the first part of the study, there were a total of 84 respondents. The majority reported that they were aware that pharmacists have the authority to furnish hormonal contraceptives, naloxone, and NRT, but services were limited. In the second part of the study, there were a total of 305 respondents, each responding to questions addressing only one of the three services: hormonal contraceptives (104 respondents), naloxone (101 respondents), and NRT (100 respondents). Within those subgroups, 19% of the respondents stated they offer hormonal contraceptives, 10% offer NRT, and 84% offer naloxone. Conclusion The results of the two-part study suggested that pharmacists’ authority to furnish these services were limited, thus patients’ access to these services were also limited.","PeriodicalId":15502,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Pharmacy Practice","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70202459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementation and Evaluation of Clinical Pharmacy Services on Diabetes Care in an Endocrinology Clinic","authors":"K. Fukunaga, Candace Tan","doi":"10.37901/jcphp19-00015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37901/jcphp19-00015","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose\u0000Diabetes impacts a significant population in the United States, with uncontrolled diabetes leading to serious adverse health effects and substantial cost to the healthcare system. Diabetes management by clinical pharmacy services (CPS) demonstrating positive clinical outcomes has been well-established in the primary care setting. However, there is little data evaluating the impact of CPS in specialty clinics such as endocrinology, which may provide additional opportunities for pharmacists to improve outcomes in a complex patient population. The purpose of this study is to describe the implementation of CPS in an ambulatory endocrinology clinic and to evaluate the impact of pharmacist care on diabetes management.\u0000Methods\u0000This was a retrospective, pre- post- descriptive study. Patients were enrolled into the study during a 6-month period and followed for a minimum of 6 months. The primary endpoint was mean change in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) between the pre- and post- pharmacist intervention phase. Secondary endpoints included blood pressure outcomes, statin appropriateness, rates of hospital and Emergency Department (ED) admissions due to severe hyper- or hypo- glycemia, and rates of retinal screening exams.\u0000Results\u0000A total of 101 patients were included in the study population. The mean baseline HbA1c was 9.11% and at six months 8.27%, with mean change of 0.84% (p-value <0.01). Descriptive statistics showed that blood pressure control, as well as statin and retinal screening rates, were high at baseline, with CPS making limited interventions in these areas.\u0000Conclusion\u0000This study demonstrated that pharmacist interventions in diabetes care is associated with improved HbA1c for a complex patient population in an endocrinology clinic.","PeriodicalId":15502,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Pharmacy Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42327762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evidence-based Appraisal of the DAPA-HF Trial","authors":"A. Sengul, E. Escobar, C. Jackevicius","doi":"10.37901/jcphp20-00011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37901/jcphp20-00011","url":null,"abstract":"Patient (HF) pg/mL AFib/flutter) standard HF (ICD, CRT, or both) and standard drug therapy (angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi), angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) or angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI), beta-blocker, unless contraindicated or not tolerated, with mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (MRA) use encouraged). Those with recent treatment with or intolerance to an SGLT2 inhibitor, T1DM, hypotension symptoms or SBP < 95 mmHg, eGFR < 30 mL/min/1.73m 2 , or rapidly declining renal function were excluded. Citation: McMurray JJV, Solomon SD, Inzucchi SE, et al. Dapagliflozin in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction. N Engl J Med 2019;381:1995-2008. The DAPA-HF trial evaluated the safety and efficacy of dapagliflozin in patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction regardless of the presence of diabetes. It was an international, multi-center, randomized, placebo-controlled study, with blinding of patients and all study personnel, a low percent of patients without final outcomes, and analyzed with the intention-to-treat principle. The primary outcome of the trial showed an absolute risk reduction of 4.9% and a relative risk reduction of 23.2%, with an NNT of 20, demonstrating that the composite outcome of worsening heart failure or death from cardiovascular causes was lower in the dapagliflozin group relative to placebo. Dapagliflozin was well tolerated with notable adverse reactions reported being volume depletion and renal adverse events in a similar number of events for both groups, and severe renal adverse events being lower with dapagliflozin. There are limitations when considering the generalizability of this study since the majority of the study population were classified as moderate heart failure. Additionally, the study demonstrated that there is a differential benefit between NYHA classes, with the primary benefit attributed to those classified as NYHA FC II. The ideal population for treatment with dapagliflozin are adults with HF with reduced ejection fraction and NYHA FC II-III symptoms, who are receiving standard HF device therapy (ICD, CRT or both) and standard drug therapy (ACEi/ARB/ARNI and beta-blocker unless contraindicated or resulting in unacceptable side effects), with MRA use being encouraged.","PeriodicalId":15502,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Pharmacy Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43750602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}