Journal of Contemporary Pharmacy Practice最新文献

{"title":"End of Life Option Act Update","authors":"J. Pinder","doi":"10.37901/jcphp21-00006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37901/jcphp21-00006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15502,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Pharmacy Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43753308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evidence-based Appraisal of the CARAVAGGIO Trial","authors":"Tiffany Khieu, Genene Salman, N. de Leon","doi":"10.37901/jcphp21-00004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37901/jcphp21-00004","url":null,"abstract":"Patient Population: The study population included adult patients with cancer and symptomatic or incidental proximal lower-limb deep-vein thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolism (PE). Key exclusion criteria were as follows: age <18 years old, an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) status of III or IV, life expectancy of less than 6 months, basal-cell or squamous-cell carcinoma of the skin, primary brain tumor, known intracerebral metastases, acute leukemia, indication for anticoagulation therapy other than the trial inclusion criteria, creatinine clearance <30 mL/min, and severe liver dysfunction. Intervention: 576 patients received apixaban 10 mg orally twice daily for the first 7 days, then 5 mg twice daily for a total of six months. Comparison: 579 patients received dalteparin 200 International Units/kg subcutaneously once daily for 1 month, then 150 International Units/kg daily (maximum daily dose of 18,000 International Units) for a total of six months. Outcome: The primary outcome included recurrent venous thromboembolism (VTE) over a six-month period, while the primary safety outcome was major bleeding. Citation: Apixaban for the Treatment of Venous Thromboembolism Associated with Cancer. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(17):1599-1607. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1915103. The CARAVAGGIO trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of apixaban compared to dalteparin for the treatment of cancer-associated venous thromboembolism. It was a multi-national, randomized, controlled, open-label, noninferiority trial, with a low percentage of patients who were lost to follow up. The trial applies to patients who are older than 18 years of age with active cancer or a history of cancer with a new diagnosis of symptomatic or incidental proximal lower-limb DVT or PE. The statistical analysis of a non-inferiority study should consist of an intention-to-treat analysis and per-protocol analysis. However, in this study, the primary efficacy data was analyzed with a modified intention to treat principle and consisted of all patients who had undergone randomization and received at least one dose of trial drug. The absolute risk reduction of the primary outcome was found to be 2.3%, with a relative risk reduction of 29%. Apixaban was found to be noninferior to injectable dalteparin for the treatment of cancer-associated VTE, with no significant difference in major bleeding. Oral apixaban may serve as an alternative to LMWH in patients with cancer for the treatment of venous thromboembolism who prefer oral therapy over subcutaneous injections, though clinicians should be aware that apixaban is a P-glycoprotein and CYP3A4 substrate and may interact with other drugs. Patients with gastrointestinal and genitourinary cancers may be at higher risk of bleeding with the use of the DOACs. Gastrointestinal bleeding was not a prespecified trial outcome for this trial, and the sample size was not large enough to make a definitive conclusion on bleeding. For patients with gastrointestinal or ","PeriodicalId":15502,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Pharmacy Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45090086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review article: sodium starch glycolate as a super disintegrant","authors":"Aneela Manzoor","doi":"10.56770/jcp2021515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56770/jcp2021515","url":null,"abstract":"Sodium starch glycolate (SSG) is most widely used excipient in the field of pharmaceutical sciences. SSG is extensively used as a superdisintegrant in different drug formulations. This review article aims to discuss chemistry, synthesis, level used as superdisintegrant, different types of SSG’s and various physicochemical properties. SSG available as different brands i.e Primojel, Explotab and Vivastar with different properties. Excipient, generally considered as an inert component, are of great importance in drug product development. Interchange between different suppliers can lead to final products with different quality attributes","PeriodicalId":15502,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Pharmacy Practice","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75089032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation and evaluation of microspheres with dual polymeric film to minimize burst effect of highly water soluble drug","authors":"Liaqat Ali, Mahmood Ahmad, Usman Minhas, Jawad Ahmad Khan, Muhammad Yousuf, Muhammad Sohail, Khaleeq Anwer","doi":"10.56770/jcp2021511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56770/jcp2021511","url":null,"abstract":"Double-layered controlled release microspheres of venlafaxine were prepared using ethyl cellulose (EC) as a wall forming hydrophobic polymer. Usually, it is difficult to control initial sudden release of highly water-soluble drugs. In this regard, double-layered microparticles were prepared not only for controlling initial burst effect but also to sustain the release of venlafaxine for an extended period of time. Solvent evaporation technique based on O/O emulsion was applied to prepare modified release microparticles. To minimize initial burst effect, developed microparticles were again coated with same hydrophobic polymer. Percent recovery, drug loading efficiency and particle size were measured. FTIR, SEM and kinetic models were applied to characterize venlafaxine microspheres. Packing and flow properties of microparticles were satisfactory. FTIR spectra of EC, venlafaxine and venlafaxine loaded microspheres were recorded. SEM analysis showed the formation of spherical microspheres with slightly rough surface. Burst effect of venlafaxine was significantly retarded in double-layered microparticles. Drug release databased on highest values of correlation coefficient, was suitably explained by Higuchi kinetics and mechanism of release was Fickian diffusion. This study strongly suggests that double-layered microspheres can successfully be applied for controlling the dose dumping and sustaining the release of highly water-soluble drug for an extended period of time.","PeriodicalId":15502,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Pharmacy Practice","volume":"108 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85757038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fabrication and evaluation magnetic nanoparticles loaded with cefixime","authors":"Kanza Amjad, Ume Habiba, Talib Hussain, Safiullah Khan, Muhammad Akram Choohan","doi":"10.56770/jcp2021512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56770/jcp2021512","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Bacterial infections are an important cause of serious health issues worldwide. Various antibacterial drugs have been developed but they have numerous side effects. Development of drug loaded magnetic nanoparticles will help to achieve targeted drug delivery while sustaining the release of drug. It will also enhance its antibacterial activity by using iron oxide. Method. Drug loaded iron oxide nanoparticles were developed to sustain and enhance the antibacterial activity of drug. Chitosan was used as a polymer. The method adopted to prepare magnetic nanoparticles was co-precipitation. Formulated magnetic nanoparticles were tested for drug release, surface morphology, antibacterial activity and FTIR. Results. It was observed from the findings that both formulations were effectively loaded with drugs. The SEM results showed the semi spherical nanoparticles effectively loaded with drug. FTIR spectrum revealed characteristic peaks related to functional groups. Raman spectroscopy showed characteristic bands of both drugs and drug loaded iron oxide nanoparticles. Antibacterial assay results showed an enhanced antibacterial activity by using iron oxide nanoparticles. Conclusion. It was concluded from the study that magnetic nanoparticles could be one of the best approaches to load antibacterial drugs while sustaining and enhancing their antibacterial activity","PeriodicalId":15502,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Pharmacy Practice","volume":"95 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89901408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro-in vivo correlation (IVIVC) of different parameters of dosage form","authors":"Shazia Ashraf, Azka Ali, Uzma Noreen, Iqra Abdullah Jan","doi":"10.56770/jcp2021514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56770/jcp2021514","url":null,"abstract":"Researchers can achieve rapid drug production by discovering a mathematical link between bioavailability and dissolution testing that leads to the principle of in vitro - in vivo correlation (IVIVC). IVIVC is a mathematical model which from its in vitro output can be used to estimate in vivo action. Level A correlation is widely recognized by the regulatory agencies among all the five stages of correlation. IVIVC's suitability is demonstrated by the Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS). In the estimation of correlations, dissolution process design plays a central role. Other important parameters in the IVIVC analysis are the qualification of the apparatus and guidelines. During the production of IVIVC, several variables, such as first pass effect, stereochemistry, should be considered. Thus, the need for a method to compare in vitro and in vivo drug release data reliably has increased tremendously. Such an instrument shortens the time of drug growth, saves money and contributes to improved product quality. Increased IVIVC creation activity demonstrates the importance of IVIVCs to the pharmaceutical business. In the production of new pharmaceuticals, IVIVC can be used to minimize the number of human studies during the development of formulation, as the primary objective of IVIVC is to act as a replacement for bioavailability in vivo and to help bio waivers. The usage of dissolution encourages and/or validates methods and configurations for requirements. This is because in vivo importance of in vitro dissolution specifications is included in the IVIVC. Research is based on new oral dosage forms in the current scenario, where awareness of IVIVC is of vital importance. IVIVC implementations vary from drug and product production to improvements in their scale-up and post-approval. Therefore, in drug production, IVIVC should be used as an effective tool","PeriodicalId":15502,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Pharmacy Practice","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76461533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of gastro retentive microbeads for sustained release of fexofenadine and montelukast","authors":"Kainat Haleem, Safiullah Khan, S. K. Syed, Saif Ur Rehman","doi":"10.56770/jcp2021513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56770/jcp2021513","url":null,"abstract":"In allergic rhinitis, montelukast (leukotriene receptor antagonist) in combination with fexofenadine (antihistamine) provide improved and complimentary effects and reduce the allergic symptoms effectively. Montelukast has less bioavailability due to hepatic first pass metabolism and fexofenadine have low permeability. So sustained release delivery is crucial for these drugs. One of the techniques to overcome this challenge is the development of polymeric microspheres or microbeads for enhanced bioavailability and prolong the action of drug in body. The objective of the study is to produce a potential microencapsulated formulation having the combination of fexofenadine hydrochloride and montelukast sodium. Microbeads were formulated by using polymer, eudragit RS100. Single emulsion solvent evaporation method was used for the preparation of formulation. The developed drug loaded polymeric microbeads showed that percentage floating ranged from 82.1 - 90.4%. Entrapment efficiency of microbeads were found between 68.8- 80.9%. FTIR results revealed absence of drug-polymer interaction. In-vitro release studies shown that from all the prepared formulations of both drugs the optimum formulation was released up to 24hrs and percentage cumulative drug release was 87.40% and 89.78% respectively. The acute toxicity study showed the safety of the developed system. Formulated microbeads were significantly efficient to achieve a sustained release of fexofenadine and montelukast with prolonged therapeutics release up to 24 hours. The developed gastro retentive floating drug delivery systems showed excellent physicochemical properties and sustained drug release pattern, thereby improving the bioavailability of the drugs.","PeriodicalId":15502,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Pharmacy Practice","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78191166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment Recommendations for the Management of Osteoarthritis","authors":"Caroline Sun, Dennis Dang, Jelena Lewis","doi":"10.37901/jcphp21-00001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37901/jcphp21-00001","url":null,"abstract":"OA is the most common form of arthritis. It results from the degradation of the joint through overuse or injury. It is estimated that 30.8 million adults in the United States suffer from OA. Treatment options of OA come in both non-pharmacologic and pharmacologic forms, with varying levels of efficacy for each option depending on the joint it is intended to be used for. In 2019, the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) updated the guidelines for the management of osteoarthritis of the knee, hip, and hand. The guidelines have been updated to state that acetaminophen is no longer the first line option for OA. In addition supplements like glucosamine and chondroitin are also no longer favored for use in the management of OA. This clinical capsule aims to describe the guidelines for OA as outlined by the ACR so that pharmacists in any type of setting, but especially in the community, can recommend appropriate therapy and counsel patients accordingly.","PeriodicalId":15502,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Pharmacy Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45214982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethical Considerations of Hydroxychloroquine During the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"Amy Reese","doi":"10.37901/jcphp20-00023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37901/jcphp20-00023","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15502,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Pharmacy Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42667577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evidence-based Appraisal of the RECOVERY Trial","authors":"Shogo Kono, V. Navarro, Kellie Gong, C. Jackevicius","doi":"10.37901/jcphp20-00024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37901/jcphp20-00024","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15502,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Pharmacy Practice","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41856936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}