Review of lab diagnosis in modern era, current instruments used for diagnosis of hepatitis

Abstract

Viral hepatitis is a global public health problem, particularly in developing countries due to its persistent circulationin the environment. The improved sanitary condition, increase in awareness of personal hygiene and otherprecautionary measures have led to the marked reduction in transmission of hepatitis. There are various causes fordifferent types of hepatitis. Hepatitis B and hepatitis C are more prevailing types of hepatitis. Various types ofdiagnostic tests are being performed including serologic tests (to detect antibody in serum) and molecular tests (toanalyze biological markers in the genome and proteome), which vary with the type of hepatitis. The development ofdetection techniques possessing the requisite sensitivity and specificity for the practical routine monitoring purposesis of great importance necessary for the protection of public. Mostly PCR and ELISA are used for performingdiagnostic tests. PCR are very expensive techniques and used by higher labs and hospitals.