P. Gavaza, Sophia Dinh, Simon Situ, M. Santiago, L. Chui, Justin Thurber, Jennifer H. Nguyen, Y. Kim, Steven Vu, Farnoosh Zough, N. Kawahara
{"title":"Examining Students' Attitudes toward Academic Dishonesty in California Pharmacy Schools","authors":"P. Gavaza, Sophia Dinh, Simon Situ, M. Santiago, L. Chui, Justin Thurber, Jennifer H. Nguyen, Y. Kim, Steven Vu, Farnoosh Zough, N. Kawahara","doi":"10.37901/jcphp19-00014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37901/jcphp19-00014","url":null,"abstract":"Academic dishonesty is prevalent in the California pharmacy academic setting. Most student-respondents had heard about or witnessed their classmates cheating. This is highly concerning, as dishonest behavior may translate into the workplace once students graduate. Students, pharmacy school administrators and faculty should work together to discourage and prevent cheating.","PeriodicalId":15502,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Pharmacy Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43770092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Re-envisioning the Pharmacist's Role in the Era of Digital Health—CPhA's Inaugural Digital Health Conference","authors":"Parisa Vatanka, Judy Crespi Lofton","doi":"10.37901/jcphp20-00002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37901/jcphp20-00002","url":null,"abstract":"Digital health is rapidly evolving and promises to transform how health care is delivered and consumed. To explore advances at the intersection of health and technology and how pharmacy can embrace emerging modalities moving forward, the California Pharmacists Association (CPhA) hosted a Digital Health Conference on October 12 and 13, 2019, in Garden Grove, California.\u0000\u0000This conference provided an opportunity for pharmacists to gain a deeper understanding of the digital health ecosystem, explore opportunities, and share perspectives for leveraging digital health products to improve patient care. This commentary provides an overview of new and emerging digital health technologies, and a summary of the conference. It is not a comprehensive or systematic review of the field of digital health, rather its scope is limited to the key concepts and perspectives shared at the conference by presenters and participants. Table 1 provides information summarizing what is already known about this subject and what is added by this commentary.\u0000\u0000During the conference, pharmacists were introduced to definitions and concepts in digital health, discussed opportunities and challenges related to integration of digital health into existing health care infrastructures (including legal and regulatory frameworks, pharmacy practice models and payment), and explored educational needs to prepare pharmacists for their evolving roles. As digital health technologies are being integrated within the healthcare system, this conference aimed to focus on opportunities specific to pharmacy.","PeriodicalId":15502,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Pharmacy Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46965732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Treatment Recommendations for Adults with Various Stages of Heart Failure","authors":"Stephanie Lee, C. Stern","doi":"10.37901/jcphp19-00012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37901/jcphp19-00012","url":null,"abstract":"Heart failure (HF) is a progressive disease state resulting from disorders of the pericardium, myocardium, endocardium, heart valves or from certain metabolic diseases. Heart failure is the preferred term over congestive heart failure, since not every patient presents with fluid overload. Patients with heart failure will often have symptoms of left ventricular (LV) myocardium dysfunction. HF patients can have a wide range of LV functions leading to various ejection fraction (EF).","PeriodicalId":15502,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Pharmacy Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42391161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Lab-on-chip: principle, design, technology and diagnostic targets","authors":"Rubab Ali","doi":"10.56770/jcp2019324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56770/jcp2019324","url":null,"abstract":"Lab-on-Chip (LoC) integrates various analyses such as biochemical operations, chemical synthesis, DNA sequencing onto a single chip which otherwise would have been performed in laboratory taking sufficient amount of time. Due to the miniaturization of these biochemical operations, better diagnostic speed, cost efficiency, ergonomy, sensitivity and so on can be achieved. This paper gives the detailed description of Lab-on Chip technology includingits system components. Ongoing worldwide research projects based on LoC technology have been investigated andvarious constraints that need to be fulfilled for designing a LoC system are presented. The biomedical applicationsof LoC in different fields like in diagnostics, cellomics, in environmental studies to control the effect of pathogens,to check the food quality have also been discussed. The current open research issues of this technology along withthe possible future research scope in the biomedical area have been presented.","PeriodicalId":15502,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Pharmacy Practice","volume":"89 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91267823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fabrication and evaluation of tizanidine hydrochloride fast dissolving films","authors":"Rabia Pervaiz, Nida Amjad, Hafsa Ibrar","doi":"10.56770/jcp2019323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56770/jcp2019323","url":null,"abstract":"Tizanidine Hydrochloride is widely used in the treatment of multiple sclerosis spastic diplegia back pain or certaininjuries to the spine or CNS. Objective: The present work aimed at preparing quick release films of tizanidine HClwith the purpose of developing a dosage form for a very quick onset of action, which is beneficial in managingspasms and increased muscle tone, aiding in the enhancement of bioavailability, and is very convenient for administration, without the problem of swallowing and using water. Methods: The films of tizanidine hydrochloridewere prepared by using polymers such as hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), aseither single polymer or in combination of two, by a solvent casting method. The concentration of Sodium alginate,Glycerol, Tween 80 were kept constant in all formulations. They were evaluated for physical characteristics such asuniformity of weight, thickness, folding endurance, drug content uniformity, surface pH, percentage elongation, andtensile strength, and gave satisfactory results. The formulations were subjected to disintegration, in vitro drug release tests. Results: A marked increase in the dissolution rate was exhibited by fast-dissolving films of Tizanidinehydrochloride containing HPMC as a polymer, when compared to conventional tablets. The formulation ‘F3’ wasfound to be optimized formulation. Conclusions: Fast dissolving films of tizanidine hydrochloride can be considered suitable for clinical use to relieve diplegia, back pain and injuries of spine, where a quicker onset of action for a dosage form is desirable along with the convenience of administration.","PeriodicalId":15502,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Pharmacy Practice","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73236975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maha Ashraf, Huma Mahmood Ali, Saba Niaz, Moater Batool, Fauzia Rehman, Ifra Nabi
{"title":"Drugs prescribed and adverse drug reaction monitoring in skin diseases","authors":"Maha Ashraf, Huma Mahmood Ali, Saba Niaz, Moater Batool, Fauzia Rehman, Ifra Nabi","doi":"10.56770/jcp2019325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56770/jcp2019325","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Skin diseases are more common due to bacteria and fungi, mostly antibiotics, antifungal, NSAIDs, corticosteroids, antipsoriatics and antiacne agents are prescribed. 10% of hospital admissions are due to these ADRsthat include anaphylactic shock, hypersensitivity reactions. Monitoring of ADRs associated with the use of these drugs can be monitored by various ways including spontaneous reporting, yellow card scheme, direct patient reporting, and case control and cohort studies. Method: It is a retrospective study conducted by reviewing researcharticles and journals like Journal American Medical Association, JAMA, American Society of Health System Pharmacists, MedCare etc. relating to skin diseases and ADR monitoring relating to use of drugs for treatment from1969 to 2016. Conclusion: Most prevalent skin diseases are acne, microbial infections, psoriasis, hypersensitivityreactions, fungal infections and drug used for their treatment results in various adverse drug reactions which should be monitored during the therapy. These ADRs may be associated with minor to life threatening conditions.","PeriodicalId":15502,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Pharmacy Practice","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84969405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Prescription trends of doctors against cardiovascular system diseases","authors":"M. Devis, Q. Ain, M. Tariq","doi":"10.56770/jcp2019321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56770/jcp2019321","url":null,"abstract":"There are number of complications that make discomfort to the human body. But it seems particularly serious whenrelated to cardiac functions. The purpose of study is to investigate the prescription trend among the prescribers forcardiovascular diseases. Prescription of cardiac patients contain medications that are necessary to manage thecardiac complication and also consist of medication that prevent the patient from further problems like aspirin is use to prevent myocardial infarction. Required data was extracted from the prescriptions and then evaluated. Collected data was categorized on the basis of generics prescribed to the different cardiac patients. Then found out how many times a generic was prescribed. Statistical analysis was done using Microsoft Excel. After evaluation of the prescriptions it was seen that aspirin is most important drug in the prescriptions of heart diseases. It is the mostly prescribed medicine in cardiac patient and it was found in 146 prescriptions out of 150. And least prescribedgenerics were simvastatin and trimetazidine dihydrochloride. We extracted brands from the prescriptions and thentabulated against number of repetitions, then calculate the percentage of repetition of a brand, by dividing repetitions to total collected number of prescriptions, that were 150. it was found that most prescribed brand in heart diseases is ascard that contains aspirin. That prevent the patient from myocardial infarction and heart attack. Health practitioners and patients need to follow standard guidelines for medications to minimize further complication and to ensure a healthy nation.","PeriodicalId":15502,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Pharmacy Practice","volume":"189 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73247569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Preparation of mucoahesive tablets of famotidine by wet granulation method and its in-vitro testing","authors":"Zainab Alvi, Hira Sharmeen, Alina Ayub, Attia Shahid, Hafiza Nida Dildar, Mahnoor Imtiaz, Iqra Ejaz","doi":"10.56770/jcp2019322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56770/jcp2019322","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Famotidine is a histamin H2-receptor antagonist.The aim and objective of the present work is toformulate and evaluate mucoadhesive tablets of famotidine. It is also foused on the selection of mucoadhesivepolymer & its activity in various combinations & ratios. The poor bioavialability & shorter half-life suffice thedevelopment of controlled release mucoadhesive formulation. Method: Mucoadhesive tablets each containing 20mg of famotidine were prepared by conventional wet granulation method employing as mucoadhesive materials. A batch of 50 tablets was prepared, in each case a blend of 1 gm of famotidine with different polymers addition indifferent strengths with required 40mg lactose as diluent achieved after titration which were then grannulated along with a solvent blend if water and ethyl alcohol. Results: The flow properties of all five batches were in between fair and passable. Hardness of tablets ranged from 6.9-8.2 kg/cm2 and the percentage friability was between 0.25-0.79 %. The drug content uniformity in the mucoadhesive tablets was 96.49-104.81%. The surface pH study was within the range from 6.7-7.4. From all formulations, over 20% of the famotidine was release within first hour of dissolution study. In the present study the formulation FT04 (tragacanth & HPMC ) has shown cumulative percent drug release of about 80.762% in 12 h. Conclusion: From the results we concluded that formulation containing famotidine with HPMC & tragacanth has given better drug release property than the other four formulations & the wash-off test has shown that this formulation (FT04) has better mucoadhesive property.","PeriodicalId":15502,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Pharmacy Practice","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81374571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Baloxavir Marboxil: A New Antiviral for Acute Influenza","authors":"S. Selvanayagam, Amy Kang, David R Ha","doi":"10.37901/jcphp19-00004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37901/jcphp19-00004","url":null,"abstract":"Baloxavir is a newly approved, single-dose, oral influenza antiviral indicated for acute uncomplicated influenza in patients 12 years and older if symptomatic for less than 48 hours. The purpose of this article is to review currently available literature on the mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, safety, and clinical and virologic efficacy of baloxavir. Its novel mechanism of action prevents influenza replication by targeting the viral cap-dependent endonuclease enzyme. In clinical trials baloxavir was shown to be superior to placebo and comparable to oseltamivir with regard to time to alleviation of symptoms and viral titer reduction and was well tolerated with minimal adverse effects. Baloxavir is a viable treatment option for acute uncomplicated influenza in certain age groups.","PeriodicalId":15502,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Pharmacy Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49516777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Implementing Pharmacist-Led Patient Home Visits","authors":"K. McKeirnan, Kyle R Frazier, Beau Keown","doi":"10.37901/jcphp18-00028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37901/jcphp18-00028","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction\u0000Patients with chronic diseases such as hypertension and diabetes often experience difficulties managing complex medication regimens. A promising method for identifying and addressing medication-related problems is pharmacist provision of patient home visits. Pharmacist home visits could alleviate the burden on both patients and providers for the purposes of maintenance medication and goal-achievement assessment.\u0000\u0000Methods\u0000A pharmacist home visit program was developed utilizing social workers to identify patients who would most benefit from a pharmacist home visit. The two pharmacists met with these patients in their homes to evaluate their current medication regimens, adherence, medical condition status, and potential drug-related problems (DRPs). Upon conclusion of the home visit, the pharmacists provided a summary of findings and proposed solutions for identified drug related problems to the patient's primary care provider.\u0000\u0000Results\u0000Fourteen patients participated in pharmacist-provided home visits. During these home visits, 98 unique DRPs were identified. Drug-related problems were grouped into four categories: adherence (n=26, 27%), effectiveness (n=25, 26%), indication (n=24, 24%), and safety (n=23, 23%). Between the initial visit and the final visit, there was a resolution of 25 (26%) drug related problems.\u0000\u0000Conclusion\u0000This project demonstrated a novel referral pathway for identifying patients to participate in pharmacist-led home visits. By providing patient home visits, pharmacists were able to identify and resolve some drug-related problems, but many problems remain unresolved due, in large part, to lack of provider engagement.","PeriodicalId":15502,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Pharmacy Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43174193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}