Journal of clinical & cellular immunology最新文献

{"title":"Neuropeptide Galanin Increase ROS and IL-1? Production by Blood Cells from Patients with Multiple Sclerosis","authors":"Pedro Henrique Villar-Delfino, C. Volpe, T. C. Miranda, P. P. Christo, J. A. Nogueira-Machado","doi":"10.4172/2155-9899.1000555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9899.1000555","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Galanin (GAL), a neuropeptide produced in the central and peripheral nervous system, has been involved in the modulation of the inflammatory response. Our present study aimed to evaluate the effect of GAL on the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by granulocytes and the secretion of IL-1β by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC) from patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and healthy control cells, comparatively.Methods: Granulocytes and PBMNC from patients with MS and healthy controls were purified simultaneously by the Ficoll-Hypaque gradient method. The effect of GAL on ROS generation by granulocytes was performed in a luminol-dependent chemiluminescence assay. The quantification of IL-1β in the supernatant of cultured-PBMNC was determined using immunoassay (ELISA).Results: Our results showed that ROS production in the presence of GAL was significantly higher (p 0.05). \u0000Conclusion: GAL modulates the production of ROS and activates inflammasome evaluated by the increase of IL-1β secretion and it may have consequences in the inflammatory process observed in MS.","PeriodicalId":15473,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical & cellular immunology","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82686413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mass cytometry identifies loss of co-stimulatory receptor expression as a novel immune signature in follicular lymphoma","authors":"Zhi-Zhang Yang","doi":"10.4172/2155-9899-C1-047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9899-C1-047","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15473,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical & cellular immunology","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78128795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inclusion of Seromarkers to Exclude Hepatitis B Virus Infection via Transfusion in Voluntary Blood Donors","authors":"S. Pushkala, S. Geethalakshmi, Gurunathan Ks","doi":"10.4172/2155-9899.1000550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9899.1000550","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection is a serious viral infection causes acute and chronic hepatitis. Transfusion of blood and blood products is the predominant route of transmission of HBV. As per NACO guidelines, in India, donor blood is screened for HBsAg, anti-HCV antibodies, anti-HIV antibodies; slide/card rapid screening for malarial parasites and VDRL for Syphilis.Blood banks in India are only equipped to carry out rapid card test or ELISA for routine screening of HBV, HCV and HIV infections. In developed countries use Nucleic Acid Testing (NAT) were in place for screening and diagnosis of viral infections during window period. NAT assays are highly sensitive, specific and robust but require skilled manpower and specialized infrastructure and thus may not be cost-effective.Objectives: To explore the current sero-prevalence of HBsAg, Anti-HCV antibodies and anti-HIV antibodies (and other relevant seromarkers) by routine screening tests in a cohort of voluntary blood donors and to determine the efficiency of NAT over the routinely used rapid card and ELISA tests. To include any additional seromarker of HBV infection to detect the antigen in the window period.Methods: In this cross-sectional observational study, 3160 voluntary blood donors were screened for HBsAg. Samples were also subjected to screening of additional seromarkers such as HbeAg, anti-HBs and anti-HBc antibodies. Thirty samples were randomly selected from each HBsAg positive and HBsAg negative groups and were subjected to HBV DNA PCR for viral load estimation.Results: ELISA testing is more specific than rapid card test in detecting HBV infection, whereas NAT testing was beneficial in identification of added HBV infection. Both ELISA and rapid card test methods were found to be equally sensitive and specific in diagnosing HCV and HIV infections. NAT testing did not yield any significant increase in positive results compared to serological/rapid methods. HBeAg was found to be positive in 2 samples which are tested negative for HBsAg. HBV DNA was also found to be positive in one sample which is negative for HBsAg (1 out of 30), which might be cryptic HBV infection.Conclusion: Though NAT would be the choice of screening for Hepatitis B, it not cost-effective. Therefore, inclusion of one or more seromarkers for screening HBV, such as HBeAg, might be helpful in preventing transfusion transmitted infection.","PeriodicalId":15473,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical & cellular immunology","volume":"15 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87863242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brain Inflammaging: Roles of Melatonin, Circadian Clocks and Sirtuins","authors":"R. Hardeland","doi":"10.4172/2155-9899.1000543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9899.1000543","url":null,"abstract":"Inflammaging denotes the contribution of low-grade inflammation to aging and is of particular importance in the brain as it is relevant to development and progression of neurodegeneration and mental disorders resulting thereof. Several processes are involved, such as changes by immunosenescence, release of proinflammatory cytokines by DNA-damaged cells that have developed the senescence-associated secretory phenotype, microglia activation and astrogliosis because of neuronal overexcitation, brain insulin resistance, and increased levels of amyloid-β peptides and oligomers. Melatonin and sirtuin1, which are both part of the circadian oscillator system share neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory properties. In the course of aging, the functioning of the circadian system deteriorates and levels of melatonin and sirtuin1 progressively decline. Protective effects of melatonin and sirtuin1 are outlined and emphasis is given to possibilities of upregulating sirtuin1 by melatonin and circadian amplitude-enhancing actions of sirtuin1.","PeriodicalId":15473,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical & cellular immunology","volume":"45 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89926217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of and Associated Factors of Stunting among Adolescents in Tehuledere District, North East Ethiopia, 2017","authors":"A. Woday, Yonatan Menber, D. Tsegaye","doi":"10.4172/2155-9899.1000546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9899.1000546","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Increased nutritional needs of adolescents relate to the fact that adolescents gain up much of their adult weight, height and skeletal mass during this period. Under nutrition among adolescents is a major public health problem in developing nations including Ethiopia. Moreover, adolescents have been considered a low risk group and often receive little attention. This study aims to assess the prevalence and associated factors of stunting among adolescents in Tehuledere district, Northeast Ethiopia, 2017 \u0000Methods: A school based cross sectional study was conducted among 535 secondary school adolescent age group students from 1st April to 20th April 2017 in Tehuledere district. Systematic random sampling technique was employed for selecting study subjects. A standardized, pre tested and structured self-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data. The outcome variable was measured with standardized anthropometric measurement. Data was entered using Epi info version 7 and analyzed using SPSS version 20 and WHO Anthro Plus soft wares. Crude and adjusted odds ratios with 95% level significance were used to measure the strength of association and statistical significance was declared at p-value less than 0.05. \u0000Results: The overall prevalence of stunting among the adolescents (10-19 years) was 15.5%. After possible potential confounders were controlled; being male (AOR=2.394 95% CI=1.425, 4.022), being in the age group 13-16 (AOR=2.106 95% CI=1.261, 3.516), using unsafe drinking water supply (AOR=3.721 95% CI=1.397, 9.913) and having no latrine facility (AOR=3.311 95% CI=1.569, 6.988) were found significantly associated with stunting at P value <0.05 \u0000Conclusion: The study revealed that prevalence of stunting was still high beside the surplus of food in the study area. Therefore, improving nutritional status of adolescents is imperative through providing comprehensive and routine nutritional assessment and counseling services for adolescents at community, school and health facility levels. Further analytic studies are recommended to identify unexplored underlying causes of stunting among adolescents.","PeriodicalId":15473,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical & cellular immunology","volume":"42 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82512660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endorphins–A Novel Hidden Magic Holistic Healer","authors":"Shrihari Tg","doi":"10.4172/2155-9899.1000547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9899.1000547","url":null,"abstract":"Endorphins are endogenous morphine, neuropeptide, produced from pituitary gland in response to stress and pain. There are three types of endorphins are beta-endorphins, dynorphins, enkephalins binds to mu, kappa, and delta receptors found on immune cells and nervous system. Beta-endorphins is a most abundant endorphins synthesized and stored in the anterior pituitary gland. It has got various activities such as immune stimulatory, antiinflammatory, analgesic activity, delay aging, stress buster activity involved in preventive, promotive, therapeutic and palliative treatment of various diseases such as cancer, auto-immune diseases, infectious disease without any adverse effects. This article briefs about the novel roles of endorphins especially beta-endorphins and its action in holistic treatment of diseases.","PeriodicalId":15473,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical & cellular immunology","volume":"31 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88522726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of halichlorine and pinnaic acid structural analogues on the enhancement of phagocytosis of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) via U937 macrophages in vitro","authors":"C. Parry","doi":"10.4172/2155-9899-C1-049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9899-C1-049","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of multifactorial etiology. Although gram negative anaerobes are essential in initiating the disease, many other factors determine the course and progression of the periodontal destruction. Among the various risk factors, the genetic component of the host plays a major role in periodontal destruction. The microbial agents are first screened by the pattern like receptors – Toll like receptors (TLR) and the signals are processed intracellularly by Nod like receptors NLRP3. Thus, aim of the study was to analyze the association of 3’UTR polymorphisms of TLR4, NLRP3 gene and the micro RNAs regulating this region. The subjects were stratified into three groups chronic periodontitis, aggressive periodontitis and controls. The sample size was 240. DNA extraction from blood samples was done and the polymorphisms were analyzed using real time PCR. The TLR4 (rs11536889), NLRP3 (rs10802501), miR-146a (rs2910164) were analyzed in this study. Periodontitis (PD) is a typical irresistible illness in the oral pit, influencing around 20–half of the populace on the planet. The ailment starts with a bacterial attack in the periodontal tissue which actuates the enactment of invulnerable reaction and, the diligence of microorganisms and the irregularity in the host resistant reaction, lead to reformist periodontium tissue harm. Furthermore, hereditary and epigenetic factors add to the advancement of PD, for example, singular contrasts in the host resistant reaction, smoking propensities, sex, helpless oral-cleanliness, and foundational ailments as diabetes mellitus and rheumatic ailments. Hereditary variations that impact the defenselessness and the seriousness of periodontitis emerge from changes that happen in the qualities and in the organic atoms that they encode including cytokines.","PeriodicalId":15473,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical & cellular immunology","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90411012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engineered minibody mediated targeting of head and neck cancer","authors":"Jee Min Chung","doi":"10.4172/2155-9899-c2-052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9899-c2-052","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15473,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical & cellular immunology","volume":"111 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87038608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Use of Concomitant Immunomodulators with Adalimumab Therapy in Pediatric Crohn’s Disease","authors":"K. Benkov, G. Russell, C. Samson, S. Steiner, E. King, J. Pratt, S. Eichner, R. Colletti","doi":"10.4172/2155-9899.1000541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9899.1000541","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Adalimumab is an effective treatment for Crohn’s disease but antibody development may cause loss of response. Concomitant use of an immunomodulator reduces the development of antibodies. We performed a 5- year cross-sectional study of variation in use of adalimumab and concomitant therapy in a large pediatric population.Methods: We identified patients with Crohn’s disesae aged <18 years in the ImproveCareNow registry who received adalimumab between June 2010 through May 2015, and determined the rates of treatment with adalimumab and concomitant therapy with thiopurine or methotrexate, including variation by age, sex, geographical region and annual change. Chi-square tests compared percentages and the Cochran Armitage Trend Test tested percentages over time and across age groups.Results: Of 7,271 patients, adalimumab treatment occurred in 1,009 (14%), more likely with increasing age (p<0.001), in females (p<0.001), and in the West than the Northeast US (p<0.001). From year 1 to year 5, the use of adalimumab increased from 7% to 13% (p<0.001) and concomitant therapy increased from 25% to 47% (p<0.001). Of patients treated with adalimumab, 47% received concomitant therapy with thiopourine (19%) or methotrexate (28%). Concomitant therapy occurred more commonly in younger patients (p<0.01) but frequencies by sex were not significantly different (p=0.17).Conclusions: In pediatric Crohn’s disease there is increasing use of both adalimumab and concomitant therapy, including both thiopurine and methotrexate, with significant variation by age, sex and region of the US. Further study is needed to determine the effectiveness of and indications for concomitant therapy with adalimumab treatment.","PeriodicalId":15473,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical & cellular immunology","volume":"20 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84238550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Approaches to Discriminate Naturally Induced Foxp3+ Treg cells of Intra- and Extrathymic Origin: Helios, Neuropilin-1, and Foxp3RFP/GFP","authors":"Sebastian Dohnke, M. Schreiber, S. Schallenberg, M. Simonetti, Luise Fischer, A. Garbe, A. Chatzigeorgiou, Karsten Kretschmer","doi":"10.4172/2155-9899.1000540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9899.1000540","url":null,"abstract":"CD4+ regulatory T (Treg) cells expressing the transcription factor fork head box P3 (Foxp3) prevent catastrophic autoimmunity and maintain immune homeostasis throughout life, and are being increasingly implicated in non-immune functions, such as the control of metabolic and regenerative processes in mice and humans. Early studies have attributed a major role of the thymus and intrathymic Foxp3+ Treg lineage commitment (referred to as ‘tTreg’ cells) in the establishment and maintenance of the mature Foxp3+ Treg cell pool residing in peripheral lymphoid tissue. In addition, numerous experimental modalities have been shown to instruct Foxp3+ Treg cell commitment in peripheral, initially naive CD4+Foxp3- T cells, which includes the induction of a Foxp3+ Treg cell phenotype and suppressor function by TGF-β in vitro (‘iTreg’ cells) and by sub-immunogenic T cell receptor stimulation in vivo (‘pTreg’ cells). This led to the hypothesis that, under physiological conditions, the induction of pTreg cells may also contribute to the peripheral Foxp3+ Treg cell compartment in the steady state of nonmanipulated, immunocompetent mice. However, until recently, studies on developmental Foxp3+ Treg cell heterogeneity have been hampered by the lack of suitable markers to discriminate naturally induced tTreg and pTreg cells. Here, we provide an overview of recently proposed approaches to track such developmental sub-lineages, with a particular emphasis on Helios, Neuropilin-1, and Foxp3RFP/GFP mice, in which Foxp3RFP+ tTreg and pTreg cells are stably marked by differential GFP expression.","PeriodicalId":15473,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical & cellular immunology","volume":"54 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81345478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}