Journal of clinical & cellular immunology最新文献

{"title":"Cytokine Deficiencies in Patients with Long-COVID.","authors":"Elizabeth Scp Williams,&nbsp;Thomas B Martins,&nbsp;Kevin S Shah,&nbsp;Harry R Hill,&nbsp;Mayte Coiras,&nbsp;Adam M Spivak,&nbsp;Vicente Planelles","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Up to half of individuals who contract SARS-CoV-2 develop symptoms of long-COVID approximately three months after initial infection. These symptoms are highly variable, and the mechanisms inducing them are yet to be understood. We compared plasma cytokine levels from individuals with long-COVID to healthy individuals and found that those with long-COVID had 100% reductions in circulating levels of Interferon Gamma (IFNγ) and Interleukin-8 (IL-8). Additionally, we found significant reductions in levels of IL-6, IL-2, IL-17, IL-13, and IL-4 in individuals with long-COVID. We propose immune exhaustion as the driver of long-COVID, with the complete absence of IFNγ and IL-8preventing the lungs and other organs from healing after acute infection, and reducing the ability to fight off subsequent infections, both contributing to the myriad of symptoms suffered by those with long-COVID.</p>","PeriodicalId":15473,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical & cellular immunology","volume":"13 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9894377/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10660181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Editorial on Stem Cell Therapies in Retinal Disorders","authors":"W. Paul","doi":"10.35248/2155-9899.21.S18.E130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2155-9899.21.S18.E130","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15473,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical & cellular immunology","volume":"6 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81717634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacological Inhibition of cAMP Signaling is an Attractive Therapeutic Strategy for Management of Chronic Inflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases","authors":"Issaka Yougbare","doi":"10.35248/2155-9899.21.12.613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2155-9899.21.12.613","url":null,"abstract":"Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) evolves into progressive and chronic inflammation of multiple joints and organs. No specific treatment exists for SLE which presents a diverse clinical polymorphism with unclear pathogenicity. Women at their pre-menopausal age are the most affected and early studies have reported the implication of estrogen in T cell abnormalities. Alteration of cAMP signaling in immune cells and target organs is emerging as cellular mechanism governing SLE disease progression. We recently reported that activity and expressions of PDE4, the major cAMP hydrolyzing enzyme were deregulated in kidney of lupus prone mice. Therefore, PDE4 inhibitors may exert anti-inflammatory effects on several immunocompetent cells including T and B lymphocytes, and macrophages. Several PDE4 inhibitors achieved good therapeutic values as potent anti-inflammatory compounds for the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases including Crohn's disease, autoimmune disease (lupus), COPD, and neurodegenerative diseases. This review will discuss the mechanism of NCS 613, a new cAMP elevating agent in preventing systemic chronic inflammation in SLE. This PDE4 inhibitor is believed to reduce abnormal systemic inflammation orchestrated by overreactive T cells that stimulate autoantibodies production by autoreactive B cells and proinflammatory mediators release by macrophages. Ultimately, NCS 613 improve survival and overcome nephritis in mice and prevent inflammatory cytokines release in human stimulated leucocytes. PDE4 inhibition is a promising therapeutic target to tackle chronic inflammatory disease of different pathogenicity.","PeriodicalId":15473,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical & cellular immunology","volume":"73 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86378034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Editorial on Autoimmunity","authors":"W. Robert","doi":"10.35248/2155-9899.21.12.E127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2155-9899.21.12.E127","url":null,"abstract":"Hypersensitivity Autoimmunity is the system of immune responses of an organism which attacks its own healthy cells, tissues and other normal components. Immune system which mistakenly attacks your own body is termed as \"autoimmune diseases”.Early symptoms of autoimmunity are such as achy muscles, hair loss, swelling, numbness in the hands and feet, skin rashes and fatigue. Some immune diseases can always have their own unique symptoms. The pandemic has already shaken up the world, killing many lives. To add to it, winter is the time when your immune system gets weaker and you are at a higher risk of infection from contagious diseases, including common cold and flu. But, a properly balanced diet with some workout can make a lot of difference and improve your immune system. Type 1 Diabetes mellitus: If the body does not produce insulin on its own, then it results in type 1 Diabetes. Here, the immune system attacks and destroys insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. High blood sugar may result in damaging the blood vessels, as well as organs like the heart, kidneys, eyes, and nerves. Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA): RA is a long-term autoimmune disorder that primarily affects joints. This attack causes redness, soreness and stiffness in the joints. This reduces red blood cell count, causes inflammation around the lungs and the heart. Psoriasis/psoriatic arthritis: Normally skin cells grow and then shed when they’re no longer needed but Psoriasis causes skin cells to multiply into more than usual. These extra cells build up and form inflamed red patches, commonly with silver white scales of plaque on the skin. Treatment for Auto Immune Disease: Although there is no permanent cure for Auto-immune diseases but they can control the overactive immune response and bring down inflammation or at least reduce pain and inflammation. There are also treatments are also available for symptoms like swelling, fatigue, and skin rashes. To reduce the damage caused by abnormal immune system functioning, doctors often prescribe Immunosuppressant drugs. Present, taking immunosuppressive medicines to treat autoimmune disease is considered as standard treatment, however, it is mostly associated with harmful sideeffects and long-term use of these medicines can increase the possibility risk of developing deadly infections and cancers. In order to get control over these shortcomings of current treatment, new therapeutic interventions are emerging, which mainly focuses on inhibiting pathogenic cells involved in autoimmune reactions. Frequently rich in Role of Auto Immunity in COVID-19 patients: Because these patients have an overactive immune system that attacks the body’s joints or tissues as it thinks that they are foreign substances. To counteract this hyperactivity, patients often are prescribed immunosuppressive medications to decrease their immune systems over a period of time and stop the attack. These patients are recommended to take the foods which are high in Vitamin C","PeriodicalId":15473,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical & cellular immunology","volume":"41 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82956206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Editorial on Distinct Early Serological Signatures with SARS-CoV-2 Survival","authors":"Shane Groschel","doi":"10.35248/2155-9899.21.S18.E131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2155-9899.21.S18.E131","url":null,"abstract":"As SARS-CoV-2 infections and death counts continue to rise, it remains unclear why some individuals recover from infection, whereas others rapidly progress and die. Although the immunological mechanisms that underlie different clinical trajectories remain poorly defined, pathogen-specific antibodies often point to immunological mechanisms of protection. Here, we profiled SARS-CoV-2-specific humoral responses in a cohort of 22 hospitalized individuals. Despite inter-individual heterogeneity, distinct antibody signatures resolved individuals with different outcomes. Although no differences in SARSCoV-2-specific IgG levels were observed, spike-specific humoral responses were enriched among convalescent individuals, whereas functional antibody responses to the nucleocapsid were elevated in deceased individuals. Furthermore, this enriched immunodominant spike-specific antibody profile in convalescents was confirmed in a larger validation cohort. These results demonstrate that early antigen-specific and qualitative features of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies point to differences in disease trajectory, highlighting the potential importance of functional antigen-specific humoral immunity to guide patient care and vaccine development.","PeriodicalId":15473,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical & cellular immunology","volume":"21 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76510746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Titanium Toxicity and Allergy: A Commentary with Focus on Titanium Spectacle Frames","authors":"D. Benharroch","doi":"10.35248/2155-9899.21.12.615","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2155-9899.21.12.615","url":null,"abstract":"Considered as an inert, extremely resistant, and biocompatible metal, titanium has prevailed for years, as the most valuable material used for the manufacture of dental implants and orthopedic prosthetics. However, titanium is not infallible, as it has been subject to corrosion and to subsequent titanium toxicity, hypersensitivity, and probably also to a form of autoimmunity. Evidence of failure of the contraption, though, is relatively rare. While commenting on its medical advantages and its setbacks, we discuss the rare use of the metal in the spectacles industry and some of its exceptional, related complications.","PeriodicalId":15473,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical & cellular immunology","volume":"8 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78553876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial on Mucromycosis","authors":"Peter K Williams","doi":"10.35248/2155-9899.21.12.E128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2155-9899.21.12.E128","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15473,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical & cellular immunology","volume":"13 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74372068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in HIV Vaccine Clinical Trials","authors":"J. José","doi":"10.35248/2155-9899.21.12.612","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2155-9899.21.12.612","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15473,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical & cellular immunology","volume":"80 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84235759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Commentary on MicroRNA Profiling in Behandccedil;et's Disease","authors":"G. Delgado","doi":"10.35248/2155-9899.21.S18.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2155-9899.21.S18.003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15473,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical & cellular immunology","volume":"14 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85367436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combination Therapies for HPV-Associated Malignancies.","authors":"Claire Smalley Rumfield, Jeffrey Schlom, Caroline Jochems","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated malignancies cause almost all cases of cervical cancer in women, and a significant percentage of head and neck cancer, together totaling almost 5% of the global cancer burden, and representing an important public health issue. The approval and use of two prophylactic HPV vaccines, Gardasil® and Cervarix®, have significantly decreased infections with HPV, but unfortunately, prophylactic vaccination does not treat established infections or malignancies resulting from HPV. Therefore, therapies for HPV-associated malignancies are necessary to improve the quality of life and survival in patients with these diseases. This review will detail new combinations of therapies in clinical development for HPV-associated malignancies.</p>","PeriodicalId":15473,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical & cellular immunology","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/fd/26/nihms-1676161.PMC8276916.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39184946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}