Journal of clinical & cellular immunology最新文献

{"title":"Tumor Suppressor Gene P29ing4 is Overexpressed and Induces a CD8 T EffectorCell Response in Human Renal Cell Carcinoma","authors":"E. NichiporukStumpf, M. Yeung, M. Grimm, T. Grimmig, Stern Pl, R. Moench, T. Lebedeva, S. Pal, S. Tripathi, Bonventre Jv, A. Raker, U. Heemann, I. Tsaur, R. Blaheta, R. Lissner, C. Germer, H. Riedmiller, M. Gasser, A. Waaga-Gasser","doi":"10.4172/2155-9899.1000511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9899.1000511","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: ING1 and ING4 are identified as candidate tumor suppressor genes acting in regulation of DNA damage responses and apoptosis through modulation of p53. Their defective function promotes tumor growth in melanoma and breast cancer. Our aim was to determine the overexpression of relevant p33ING1b and p29ING4 isoforms in patients with Renal Cell Cancer (RCC). \u0000Methods: Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) from tumor patients (Robson stage I-IV) were stimulated with overlapping peptides of p33ING1b/p29ING4 and results were compared with expression profiles in primary tumors. \u0000Results: Early-stage and late-stage tumors demonstrated upregulated ING-isoform gene and protein expression. Early cancers were characterized by increased CD8 and IFN-γ protein and gene expression. Significant p33ING1b and p29ING4 tumor-specific CD8 T effector cell responses from PBMCs of the analyzed tumor patients were observed. Interestingly, peptide sequences p33ING1b (aa259-268) and p29ING4 (aa149-158) elicited significant IFN-γ responses indicative for anti-tumor immune responses while IL-2 responses were detected only for p29ING4 (aa149-158), suggesting inducible T effector cell responses. \u0000Conclusion: T effector cell analysis against p29ING4 (aa149-158) suggests a promising candidate for in vivo induction of tumor-reactive CD8 T effector cells in patients with renal cell cancer.","PeriodicalId":15473,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical & cellular immunology","volume":"88 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83820319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CD30 Expression vs. Serum Soluble CD30 (sCD30) Level: Role in Prognosis and Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukaemia","authors":"Dalia A Nigm, Zeinab Ahmad Abd El Hameed, M. Elrahman","doi":"10.4172/2155-9899.1000510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9899.1000510","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: As we noted that CD30 is a valuable molecule in regulation of growth and death of lymphocytes in malignant lymphomas, we analyzed CD30 expression and serum soluble CD30 (sCD30) molecule level in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) to assess their role as a prognostic markers and to examine the possibility of anti-CD30 to be a targeted therapy in these patients.Methods: We studied CD30 expression by Multicolor flow cytometry immunophenotypic analysis on bone marrow aspirates of 50 AML patients. Serum sCD30 level was measured by Enzyme Linked Immunosrbent Assay (ELSA). We correlate CD30 and sCD30 values with all of white blood cell counts, Hemoglobin, platelets, bone marrow blasts and cytogenetics. The Fisher’s exact test or chi-square was used for comparison of categorical variables and the t-test or one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied for numerical comparisons using SPSS version 20. A p value of <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.Results: Our study conducted on 50 AML patients, the mean patients’ age was 47.4 ± 18.1 years (range, 17-77), 11 (22%) were males and 39 (78%) were females. 16 (32%) patients have high CD30-expression and 11 (22%) have elevated serum sCD30. We found that there was a significant correlation between both CD30 expression and sCD30 level with WBCs count, BM blasts, Adverse risk cytogenetics, FLT3/ITD and with relapse for CD30 expression, complete remission failure with elevated serum sCD30 level.Conclusions: CD30 is expressed by myeloblasts in AML patients. We found that high CD30 expression and elevated sCD30 level can be used as prognostic markers for relapse and complete remission failure respectively. Furthermore, these patients with adverse risk cytogenetics have not too many treatment options, so the use anti- CD30 targeted therapy may be a possible alternative for this patient group which need further studies.","PeriodicalId":15473,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical & cellular immunology","volume":"26 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84666685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bitter Components in Beer Regulate Microglial Inflammation and Prevent Cognitive Decline","authors":"Y. Ano, A. Takashima, H. Nakayama","doi":"10.4172/2155-9899.1000509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9899.1000509","url":null,"abstract":"Epidemiological studies suggest that moderate consumption of alcoholic beverages can reduce the risk of dementia . Recent work has demonstrated that intake of iso-α-acids, the bitter components in beer; prevent Alzheimer’s disease pathology by regulating microglial function. In a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease, iso-α-acid intake led to a significant reduction of Aβ and inflammatory cytokines. In addition, iso-α-acids enhanced microglial phagocytosis of Aβ and induced microglia to an anti-inflammatory M2 type. These findings suggest that iso-α-acid consumption in daily life may be beneficial in preventing dementia.","PeriodicalId":15473,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical & cellular immunology","volume":"41 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80613732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inflammatory Reactions in Microenvironments, Leading to Melanomagenesis","authors":"K. Furukawa, M. Miyata, M. Kambe, Rika Takeuchi, Robiul H Bhuiyan, Pu Zhang, Yuhsuke Ohmi, K. Furukawa","doi":"10.4172/2155-9899.1000508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9899.1000508","url":null,"abstract":"Malignant melanoma is resistant to various therapies, while its incidence has been dramatically increasing. Among various factors, sun exposure, particularly ultra violet (UV) irradiation is considered to induce melanomas. Gangliosides have been markers of neuro-ectoderm-derived cancers like malignant melanomas and gliomas, but they also play crucial roles in their malignant properties. GD3 regulates cell signalling transduced through membrane microdomains. Chronic inflammatory reactions toward noxious stimuli cause cumbersome diseases such as cancers and degeneration, and glycosylation is involved in those processes. Here, melanocytes did not respond to UVB, while keratinocytes responded to UVB by secreting various cytokines such as TNFα and IL-6. Furthermore, these cytokines induced expression of melanoma-associated ganglioside GD3 on melanocytes. Expression of GD3 does not necessarily induce melanomas, but may form microenvironments for the generation of melanomas after long-term continuation. Consequently, combination of DNA mutagenesis and chronic inflammatory reaction seems to be critical for the melanomagenesis. Thus, 1. Mechanisms for the induction of GD3 synthase gene by inflammatory cytokines. 2. Meaning of GD3 expression in melanocytes. 3. Linkage between GD3 expression in melanocytes and melanomagenesis. 4. Prevention of UV exposure, are proposed as urgent issues to be solved in the near future.","PeriodicalId":15473,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical & cellular immunology","volume":"97 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76718930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Future Perspectives for Cancer Therapy Using the CRISPR Genome Editing Technology","authors":"N. Isakov","doi":"10.4172/2155-9899.1000E120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9899.1000E120","url":null,"abstract":"Over the last two decades, substantial progress has been made in cancer diagnosis and treatment, resulting in a steady improvement in cancer survival. While cancers can be treated using several different protocols, matching a protocol to a patient depends on the type and stage of cancer, in addition to age, sex, race, and the overall health of the patient, as well as considerations relevant to the potential side effects. The most common types of cancer treatment include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, hormonal therapy, targeted therapy, and often, combinations of two or more types of the above therapies. However, the rapidly changing field of genome engineering and gene therapy promises a number of new and novel potential strategies for treatment of cancer.","PeriodicalId":15473,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical & cellular immunology","volume":"102 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79408771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Constitutive and Stress-induced Expression of CCL5 Machinery in Rodent Retina.","authors":"D'Anne S Duncan,&nbsp;William M McLaughlin,&nbsp;Noah Vasilakes,&nbsp;Franklin D Echevarria,&nbsp;Cathryn R Formichella,&nbsp;Rebecca M Sappington","doi":"10.4172/2155-9899.1000506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9899.1000506","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Signaling by inflammatory cytokines and chemokines is associated with neurodegeneration in disease and injury. Here we examined expression of the β-chemokine CCL5 and its receptors in the mouse retina and evaluated its relevance in glaucoma, a common optic neuropathy associated with sensitivity to intraocular pressure (IOP). Using quantitative PCR, fluorescent <i>in situ</i> hybridization, immunohistochemistry and quantitative image analysis, we found CCL5 mRNA and protein was constitutively expressed in the inner retina and synaptic layers. CCL5 appeared to associate with Müller cells and RGCs as well as synaptic connections between horizontal cells and bipolar cells in the OPL and amacrine cells, bipolar cells and RGCs in the IPL. Although all three high-affinity receptors (CCR5, CCR3, CCR1) for CCL5 were expressed constitutively, CCR5 expression was significantly higher than CCR3, which was also markedly greater than CCR1. Localization patterns for constitutive CCR5, CCR3 and CCR1 expression differed, particularly with respect to expression in inner retinal neurons. Stress-related expression of CCL5 was primarily altered in aged DBA/2 mice with elevated IOP. In contrast, changes in expression and localization of both CCR3 and CCR5 were evident not only in aged DBA/2 mice, but also in age-matched control mice and young DBA/2 mice. These groups do not exhibit elevated IOP, but possess either the aging stress (control mice) or the genetic predisposition to glaucoma (DBA/2 mice). Together, these data indicate that CCL5 and its high-affinity receptors are constitutively expressed in murine retina and differentially induced by stressors associated with glaucomatous optic neuropathy. Localization patterns further indicate that CCL5 signaling may be relevant for modulation of synapses in both health and disease, particularly in the inner plexiform layer.</p>","PeriodicalId":15473,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical & cellular immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2155-9899.1000506","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35431191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Moving in and Out: Dispersion of Cells in Self-Generated Gradients.","authors":"Christina H Stuelten","doi":"10.4172/2155-9899.1000507","DOIUrl":"10.4172/2155-9899.1000507","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Migrating cells can influence the direction of their own migration by metabolizing chemoattractants present in their environment. This is illustrated by the dispersal of melanoma cells, which break down lysophosphatidic acid and generate a gradient with increasing concentrations of lysophosphatidic acid distant from the tumor. Melanoma cells can then disperse away from the tumor as they migrate in the self-generated lysophosphatidic acid gradient. Thus, dispersal of tumor cells during invasion of the surrounding stroma might be driven by chemotaxis of cells along self-generated chemoattractant gradients.</p>","PeriodicalId":15473,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical & cellular immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5578429/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35371695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spin Trapping: A Review for the Study of Obesity Related Oxidative Stress and Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase.","authors":"Athar Nawab,&nbsp;Alexandra Nichols,&nbsp;Rebecca Klug,&nbsp;Joseph I Shapiro,&nbsp;Komal Sodhi","doi":"10.4172/2155-9899.1000505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9899.1000505","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have gained attention with mounting evidence of their importance in cell signaling and various disease states. ROS is produced continuously as a natural by-product of normal oxygen metabolism. However, high levels ROS causes oxidative stress and damage to biomolecules. This results in loss of protein function, DNA cleavage, lipid peroxidation, or ultimately cell injury or death. Obesity has become a worldwide epidemic; studies show fat accumulation is associated with increased ROS and oxidative stress. Evidence exists supporting oxidative stress as a factor driving forward insulin resistance (IR), potentially resulting in diabetes. Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase signaling is also a potential source of ROS promoting oxidative stress. The best way to observe radical species in biological systems is electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy with spin trapping. EPR spin trapping is an important technique to study the mechanisms driving disease states attributed to ROS.</p>","PeriodicalId":15473,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical & cellular immunology","volume":"8 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2155-9899.1000505","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9944471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Natural Killer Cell Subsets Distribution in Spontaneously Resolved and ChronicPersistent Hepatitis C Virus Infection","authors":"Laila M Al Kady, M. Mansour, Samaa T Gobran, Ebtesam I Ahmad","doi":"10.4172/2155-9899.1000504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9899.1000504","url":null,"abstract":"Altered frequency and distribution of natural killer cell subsets have been reported in hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection.We investigated the frequency of NK cells and inhibitory receptor CD158 in a sample of Egyptian patients with spontaneously resolved (SR) and chronic persistent hepatitis C virus (CPHC) infection, and correlated data with other clinical and diagnostic parameters. The study was conducted on 48 patients divided into 3 groups. Group I; 16 CPHC patients, Group II; 16 SR individuals and Group III; 16 healthy controls. Chronic persistent HCV patients and SR individual’s data were reported from patients ' reports. Healthy controls serum antibodies against HCV were measured using ELISA technique. The three studied groups fresh peripheral blood samples were analyzed by flow cytometry to determine total NK cells, their subsets and CD158b+ cells percentages. Total NK cells and CD56+dim CD16+ NK cells were significantly decreased in CPHC patients and SR individuals in comparison to healthy controls(P 0.05).","PeriodicalId":15473,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical & cellular immunology","volume":"50 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88076146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interleukin-1 β /Interleukin10 Ratio Produced by Monocytes as a Biomarker of Neuroinflammation in Autism","authors":"H. Jyonouchi, L. Geng, S. Buyske","doi":"10.4172/2155-9899.1000503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9899.1000503","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Innate immune abnormalities have been frequently reported in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), but a role of innate immunity in ASD is not well understood. This study explored a possible role of innate immunity in ASD clinical features and co-morbidities.Methods: Purified peripheral blood monocytes (PBMo) from ASD (N=125) and non-ASD (N=36) subjects were cultured overnight with or without stimulants of innate immunity, and production of pro-inflammatory and counter-regulator cytokines were assessed. Behavioral symptoms were assessed by aberrant behavioral checklist (ABC) at the time of PBMo sampling.Results: ASD PBMo revealed highly variable IL-1β/IL-10 ratios, in contrast to a tight range of IL-1β/IL-10 ratios in non-ASD control cells. There was no association between cytokine levels or IL-1β/IL-10 ratios and ABC subscale scores when ASD data was analyzed, as a whole. However, when ASD data was separated into high, low, or normal (equivalent to controls) IL-1β/IL-1 ratio groups, IL-1β levels were positively associated with stereotypy in the high ratio group. In contrast, IL-1β and IL-10 levels were negatively associated with irritability, lethargy, and hyperactivity in the normal ratio group. The low ratio group revealed a negative association between IL-1β levels and lethargy. When longitudinal changes in cytokine production from PBMo were studied in selected ASD subjects, fluctuating ratios were found in ASD subjects with deviated (high or low) IL-1β/IL-10 ratios, but ratios remained stable in ASD subjects with normal ratios. ASD subjects with deviated ratios were found to have higher frequencies of non-IgE mediated food allergy (NFA) (p<0.05) and seizure disorder (p<0.01) than those with normal ratios.Conclusion: IL-1β and IL-10 produced by innate immune responses play crucial roles in the neuroimmune network. Thus the deviated (high or low) IL-1β/IL-10 ratio from ASD monocytes may be a promising candidate biomarker for assessing changes of neuroimmune regulations and risk of comorbidities (NFA and seizure disorders) in ASD.","PeriodicalId":15473,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical & cellular immunology","volume":"364 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84905763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}