Journal of clinical & cellular immunology最新文献

{"title":"Prevalence of Stunting and Associated Factors among School Age Children in Primary Schools of Haik Town, South Wollo Zone, North- Eastern Ethiopia, 2017","authors":"Yonatan Menber, D. Tsegaye, A. Woday, H. Cherie, S. Kebede","doi":"10.4172/2155-9899.1000539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9899.1000539","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Under-nutrition is the major public health problem in the developing countries including Ethiopia. This study aimed to investigate the magnitude of stunting and associated factors among school age children.Methods: A school based cross-sectional study was conducted on 414 school age children in Haiyk town Primary schools, North eastern Ethiopia in May 2017. In this study, Stunting was defined as a child whose height for age Z-scores is below -2SD. Descriptive statistics, bivariate analysis to identify associated factors and multivariable logistic regression analysis were employed to control the effect of potential confounders. Variables with a pvalue< 0.05 in the multivariable model were identified as predictors of stunting.Results: The prevalence of stunting among school age children was 44 (11.3%) with Z-scores below-2SD and 83.7% of students were categorized under 16.5-18.5 body mass index. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that increased child level of education (AOR 4.028; 95% CI 1.72, 9.42), did not have additional food during study time (AOR 2.12; 95% CI 1.10, 4.12) and use of mixed food (AOR 0.20; 95% CI 0.06, 0.70) have been found significant associated with stunting.Conclusion: The study revealed that magnitude of stunting among school age children was suboptimal. Therefore, interventions could focus on educating parents on the importance of timely feeding, balanced diet; economize use of the available resources. Further analytic studies should be conducted to investigate the causes of stunting among school children in the study area.","PeriodicalId":15473,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical & cellular immunology","volume":"56 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91308923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment for Eosinophilic Otitis Media","authors":"A. Matsubara, J. Takahata, Tomoya Miura, Naomi Kudo","doi":"10.4172/2155-9899.1000538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9899.1000538","url":null,"abstract":"Eosinophilic Otitis Media (EOM) is remarkably characterized by viscous middle ear effusion (MEE) infiltrated with numerous eosinophils. Since EOM is a high risk disease of progressive hearing loss, early diagnosis and management of appropriate treatment along with an understanding of the pathology of EOM are imperative. The treatment strategies for EOM comprise the removal of the highly viscous MEE enriched with a cytotoxic protein derived from eosinophils, and the suppression of local and systemic eosinophilic inflammation. \u0000Here, we introduce how we treat EOM patients in our department concretely. Regarding the management of the acute phase of EOM, topical and/or systemic steroids have proven their efficacy. Regarding the long-term management of EOM, a combination of various antiallergic drugs that have proven efficacy for eosinophilic inflammation is beneficial. In a considerable number of EOM cases, we have succeeded cessation of topical and systemic steroids.","PeriodicalId":15473,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical & cellular immunology","volume":"64 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83898950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunomodulators in Autoimmunity and Viral Infections","authors":"C. Malemud","doi":"10.4172/2155-9899.1000537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9899.1000537","url":null,"abstract":"Immunologically-based therapies are steadily moving from the laboratory to clinical practice. In that regard, the elevated levels of “immunocytokine” gene expression, including, tumor necrosis factor-α, various interleukins, cytotoxic T-cell antigen-4, B-cell activating factor, and others, are characteristic of autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel diseases, psoriatic arthritis and system lupus erythematosus and, some cancers as well. Treatment of these autoimmune diseases with first-line Immunologically-based therapies can ameliorate the pathology associated with autoimmunity and cancer and, can also inhibit transplant rejection. Importantly, drugs containing immunomodulatory activity are now also known to have significant and effective anti-viral activity which may result from their role in reducing the impact of “immunocytokines” on viral infectivity and disease progression. Although vaccine development continues to alter the landscape of virally-associated diseases, immunomodulation has become a useful paradigm for reducing the pathology associated with viral infection(s) going forward.","PeriodicalId":15473,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical & cellular immunology","volume":"116 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80368946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Primary Biliary Cholangitis in Elderly: About 12 Tunisian Cases","authors":"Zeineb Ben Lamine, A. Mankaï, Marie Ahmed, Ilhem Ben Jazia, A. Slama, Azza Baccouhe, A. Jemaa, I. Ghédira","doi":"10.4172/2155-9899.1000564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9899.1000564","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15473,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical & cellular immunology","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83728990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Loss of Cellular Immune Response against Shared Mycobacterial Antigens is Associated with Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Adults","authors":"Ashwini Shete, Vishwanath Pujari, P. Kadam, Shubhangi Bichare, N. Panchal, J. Pawar, Shraddha Bapat, R. Gangakhedkar, T. Dhamgaye, M. Thakar","doi":"10.4172/2155-9899.1000554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9899.1000554","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Devising strategies for prevention of pulmonary tuberculosis is critical to halt onward transmission of tuberculosis. Since BCG has been shown to be ineffective in preventing pulmonary tuberculosis, studies for determining protective mechanisms are warranted for effective vaccine designing. We conducted a study in latently infected healthy individuals and healthy contacts of pulmonary tuberculosis for understanding protective immune responses against adult pulmonary tuberculosis caused by reactivation and re-infection, respectively.Methods: We enrolled healthy latently infected individuals (LTB, n=22), household contacts (HCTB, n=16) of pulmonary tuberculosis patients and sputum positive pulmonary TB patients (ATB, n=19). Latent infection was determined by IFN-γ release assay against ESAT-6 and CFP-10. Cytokines secreted against shared and M. tuberculosis specific antigens were determined by IFN-γ ELISPOT and multiplex assays. Mycobacteria specific T cells were identified using MHC-I restricted ESAT-6 and Ag85B tetramers. Expression of different chemokine receptors associated with Th1 and Th17 responses was determined by flow cytometry.Results: LTB group showed highest IFN-γ response and significantly higher response against 38 kDa and Ag85C than ATB group. IFN-γ responses against ESAT-6 correlated negatively with those against 38 kDa in HCTB group (r=-0.51, p=0.021). Levels of IL-17A, IL-17F and IL-6 were highest in HCTB group against 38 kDa. ATB group showed significantly lower ratios of Ag85B to ESAT-6 tetramer positive CD8+ T cells as compared to LTB group. ATB patients had lower frequencies of T cells expressing CCR5 and CCR6 than LTB and HCTB groups, respectively, indicating loss of Th1 and Th17 immune responses.Conclusion: The study suggested a role of Th1 and Th17 responses in mediating protection against reactivation versus re-infection type of adult pulmonary TB, respectively. It also highlighted importance of shared mycobacterial antigens like 38 kDa and Ag85 in mediating these protective responses indicating their role in effective TB vaccine designing.","PeriodicalId":15473,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical & cellular immunology","volume":"66 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90766786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Susceptibility Loci in C57BL/6 sle1, sle2 and sle3 Contain Genes that Alter Peripheral Selection of the CDR-H3 Sequences Enriched for Arginine","authors":"Mohamed Khass, P. Burrows, H. Schroeder","doi":"10.4172/2155-9899.1000544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9899.1000544","url":null,"abstract":"Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multifactorial autoimmune disease characterized by deposition of ds- DNA binding autoantibodies in various body organs. These antibodies result from failure to control the composition of the B cell repertoire. Development of optimum B cell repertoire depends on the amino acid composition and the physicochemical characteristics at the center of the antigen binding site, the third complementarity determining region heavy chain (CDR-H3). Repertoire control involves positive selection for hydrophilic amino acids such as tyrosine and negative selection of hydrophobic and charged amino acids, specifically those containing arginine within the CDR-H3. Anti-dsDNA antibodies present in SLE patients exist in healthy individuals but at low levels, since dsDNA-specific B cells are deleted from the repertoire, but amplified in SLE patients. These antibodies contain arginine residues in CDR-H3, especially at positions 99-102, where they are positioned to bind negatively charged phosphate groups on the DNA backbone. Three genomic intervals, namely sle1 on chromosome 1, sle2 on chromosome 4, and sle3 on chromosome 7, were found to be associated with SLE susceptibility. We hypothesized that development of ds-DNA binding antibodies in SLE might result from failure to control CDR-H3 amino acid composition. We proposed that the SLE congenic loci might have unique effects in allowing survival/expansion of B cells expressing these auto-reactive antibodies. Our strategy was to change the composition of CDR-H3 by altering the germline composition of the DH gene segments. We created a ΔD-iD altered allele enriched for arginine while depleted of tyrosine at positions 99-102. We then monitored the influence of different SLE loci on the development and maintenance of B cells bearing CDR-H3 arginine. These findings support our hypothesis that peripheral B cell selection is altered by the presence of sle congenic alleles, allowing passage of B cells able to produce autoreactive antibodies binding ds-DNA. These findings may help in developing therapeutics to suppress autoimmunity in SLE.","PeriodicalId":15473,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical & cellular immunology","volume":"76 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79120508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Receptor Cross Talk and Interplay between Melatonin and Ovarian Thyroid Axis in a Letrozole Induced Polycystic (Pco) Rat","authors":"Hindole Ghosh, S. Rai, M. Basheer, Y. A. Hajam","doi":"10.4172/2155-9899.1000552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9899.1000552","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of present study was to establish the interrelationship between thyroid and melatonin during anovulatory/letrozole induced polycystic ovarian condition on female Wister rats. Rats were procured and after acclimatization 20 rats were divided in 4 groups with 5 rats in each. They were divided as Control, Letrozole induced PCO rat (1 mg/kg BW/d), and melatonin alone (200 μg/100 g BW/d). The experiment was conducted for the duration of 28 d. Assessment of gravimetric, hormonal profile and thyroid histology and relative expression of MT1, MT2, and ERα, (thyroid, ovary) Dio2, TRα (Ovary) done followed by standard protocol. Histological observation showed shrinkages in thyroid follicles in PCO rats however exogenous melatonin maintained the cellular architecture and normal thyroid weight. PCO rats showed significantly high circulating testosterone but significant decreased in estrogen and progesterone level. Circulatory gonadotropins (LH, FSH) were noted significantly high in PCO rats. Melatonin injection to the PCO rats however reversed to the control level and restored. Circulatory TSH level in PCO rats were noted suppressed where as T3 and T4 were non-significantly increased suggesting a reciprocal relation between melatonin and thyroxine. Thyroid tissue of PCO rats expressed MT1 and MT2 in way alternate and opposite way being MT1 as up regulated whereas down regulation of MT2. Ovarian tissue of PCO rats showed reverse receptor expression to that of thyroid tissue being MT1 down regulated and MT2 was noted unregulated. Parallel relation was noted between ERα and TRα receptor expression in thyroid and ovarian tissue respectively. PCO rats resulted in up regulation of Dio2, receptor expression in a non-significant manner. Therefore, present finding suggests a fine interplay and cross talk via melatonin its two receptor MT1 , MT2 with ERα, TRα, and Dio2 thyroid and ovarian tissue as the case between ovarian thyroid axis hence maintaining a physiological trade-offs between theses gland with a tonic regulation to maintain melatonin and thyroid homeostasis during polycystic pathogenicity.","PeriodicalId":15473,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical & cellular immunology","volume":"37 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91057182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Emerging Roles of Surfactant Protein-A in Asthma.","authors":"Alane Blythe C Dy,&nbsp;Sasipa Tanyaratsrisakul,&nbsp;Dennis R Voelker,&nbsp;Julie G Ledford","doi":"10.4172/2155-9899.1000553","DOIUrl":"10.4172/2155-9899.1000553","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Asthma remains one of the most common respiratory diseases in both children and adults affecting up to 10% of the US population. Asthma is characterized by persistent symptoms, airway inflammation, airflow limitation and frequent exacerbations. Eosinophils are a key immune cell present in a large majority of asthmatics and their presence and dysregulation are clinically associated with more severe asthma. Surfactant protein A (SP-A) provides a first-line of defense in pulmonary innate immunity by virtue of its role in pathogen opsonization. SP-A is known to specifically bind to <i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i> (Mp), a pathogen associated with asthma exacerbations, and functions to attenuate Mp pathogenicity and abrogate lung inflammation. In addition, SP-A has been shown to inhibit Mp-induced eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) release, a toxic product that can compromise the integrity of the delicate airway epithelia. We have determined that genetic variation in SP-A2 at position 223 that results in a glutamine (Q) to a lysine (K) substitution alters the ability of SP-A to inhibit EPO release and may offer a mechanistic explanation as to why some SP-A extracted from subjects with asthma is unable to carry out normal immune regulatory functions.</p>","PeriodicalId":15473,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical & cellular immunology","volume":"9 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2155-9899.1000553","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36411655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"T Cell Therapy of Burkitt’s Lymphoma in Nude Mice Model Tumorized with Ramos Cell Line","authors":"Hamid Chegni, Z. Hassan, R. Nisini, Marzieh Ebrahimi, F. Sabouni","doi":"10.4172/2155-9899.1000569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9899.1000569","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15473,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical & cellular immunology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82991385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IgG4-Related Mastoiditis, Hypertrophic Pachymeningitis and Inflammatory Pseudotumor: A Case Report and Review of the Literature","authors":"Xiao-Li Li, Xiu Wang, R. Duan, Zhanying Wang, Bing Yang, Zhaolei Zhang, B. Liu, Heng Li, Yan-bin Li","doi":"10.4172/2155-9899.1000561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9899.1000561","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15473,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical & cellular immunology","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90620936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}