Journal of Composites Science最新文献

{"title":"Diagonal Compression Tests on Unfired and Fired Masonry Wallettes Retrofitted with Textile-Reinforced Alkali-Activated Mortar","authors":"Andres Arce, Panagiotis Kapsalis, C. Papanicolaou, T. C. Triantafillou","doi":"10.3390/jcs8010014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs8010014","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the integration of an alkali-activated mortar (AAM), based on industrial waste, into a novel composite material fit for structural upgrading purposes and rendered with high temperature endurance and a low CO2 footprint. The AAM combined with carbon fiber textiles form a new generation of sustainable inorganic matrix composites—that of textile-reinforced alkali-activated mortars (TRAAM). A test program was designed to assess the effectiveness of carbon TRAAM overlays in increasing the shear capacity of masonry wall specimens comprising solid clay bricks bonded with lime-based mortar and furnished with TRAAM jackets on both sides. The initial and the residual capacity of the reinforced walls were evaluated, the latter by performing diagonal compression tests after exposure to 300 °C and 550 °C. It was shown that TRAAM jacketing can increase the shear capacity of unfired masonry walls by 260% and 335% when a single or a double layer of textile is used, respectively. Rapid heating to temperatures up to 550 °C, one-hour-long steady-state heating, and natural cooling bore no visible thermal cracks on the specimens and had little effect on their residual capacity. Based on these results, the prospect of using TRAAM for retrofitting applications for fire-resilient structures seems very auspicious.","PeriodicalId":15435,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Composites Science","volume":" 44","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139143933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fatigue Analysis of Printed Composites of Onyx and Kevlar","authors":"Moises Jimenez-Martinez, Julio Varela-Soriano, Julio S. De La Trinidad-Rendon, S. G. Torres-Cedillo, Jacinto Cortés-Pérez, Manuel Coca-Gonzalez","doi":"10.3390/jcs8010012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs8010012","url":null,"abstract":"The transformation of powertrains, powered by internal combustion engines, into electrical systems generates new challenges in developing lightweight materials because electric vehicles are typically heavy. It is therefore important to develop new vehicles and seek more aesthetic and environmentally friendly designs whilst integrating manufacturing processes that contribute to reducing the carbon footprint. At the same time, this research explores the development of new prototypes and custom components using printed composite materials. In this framework, it is essential to formulate new approaches to estimate fatigue life, specifically for components tailored and fabricated with these kinds of advanced materials. This study introduces a novel fatigue life prediction approach based on an artificial neural network. When presented with given inputs, this neural network is trained to predict the accumulation of fatigue damage and the temperature generated during cyclic loading, along with the mechanical properties of the compound. Its validation involves comparing the network’s response with the load ratio result, which can be calculated using the fatigue damage parameter. Comparing both results, the network can successfully predict the fatigue damage accumulation; this implies an ability to directly employ data on the mechanical behavior of the component, eliminating the necessity for experimental testing. Then, the current study introduces a neural network designed to predict the accumulated fatigue damage in printed composite materials with an Onyx matrix and Kevlar reinforcement.","PeriodicalId":15435,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Composites Science","volume":"22 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139147732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measurement of Magnetic Flux Density Changes in Mode I Interlaminar Fracture in Magnetostrictive Fiber–Embedded Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites","authors":"Tomoki Miyashita, K. Katabira, H. Kurita, Fumio Narita","doi":"10.3390/jcs8010008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs8010008","url":null,"abstract":"As sensor materials for structural health monitoring (SHM, a nondestructive test for the continuous evaluation of the conditions of individual structural components and entire assemblies), magnetostrictive materials, piezoelectric materials, and optical fibers have attracted significant interest. In this study, the mode I interlaminar fracture load and crack self-detection potential of glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP)–embedded magnetostrictive Fe–Co fibers were investigated via double cantilever beam testing. The results indicated that by controlling the amount of Fe–Co fibers introduced into GFRP, the number of Fe–Co fibers could be reduced without compromising the performance of GFRP. Furthermore, the magnetic flux density increased significantly with crack propagation, indicating that the magnetic flux density change could determine crack propagation.","PeriodicalId":15435,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Composites Science","volume":"23 67","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139156086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ruby Nanoparticles for Greenhouse Farming: Synthesis, Features and Application","authors":"Mark O. Paskhin, K. O. Aiyyzhy, Roman V. Pobedonostsev, Dina V. Kazantseva, I. Rakov, Ekaterina V. Barmina, D. Yanykin, S. Gudkov","doi":"10.3390/jcs8010007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs8010007","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, we investigated the effect of photoconversion covers based on ruby (chromium-doped alumina (Al2O3:Cr3+)) particles (PCC-R) on the growth and development of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) plants. Ruby particles (from 100 nm to 2 μm) were obtained by the sequential application of spall laser ablation and further laser fragmentation. The content of chromium ions relative to aluminum ions in the nanoparticles was 3.3 × 10−3. The covers with different densities of applied ruby particles (2 × 107 m−2 (PCC-R7), 2 × 108 m−2 (PCC-R8), 2 × 109 m−2 (PCC-R9)) were studied in the present work. The PCC-Rs had two wide bands of luminescence excitation. The first one was from 350 nm to 450 nm with a maximum at 405 nm, and the second one was from 500 nm to 600 nm with a peak at 550 nm. Synthesized covers emitted in the range of 650 nm to 750 nm, with a peak at 695 nm. It has been shown that PCC-R8, in contrast to PCC-R7 and PCC-R9, provided an increase in yield by 40% and was characterized by increased water use efficiency during dark respiration and assimilation of carbon dioxide in plants. It is assumed that the observed positive effect of PCC-R8 photoconversion covers is associated with the activation of regulatory mechanisms due to a qualitative change in the light spectrum.","PeriodicalId":15435,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Composites Science","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139159483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Short Review on Chondroitin Sulphate and Its Based Nanomaterials for Bone Repair and Bone Remodelling Applications","authors":"M. Divya, Sekar Vijayakumar, Jingdi Chen","doi":"10.3390/jcs8010006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs8010006","url":null,"abstract":"Joint damage is a major symptom of osteoarthritis, a degenerative disease that worsens over time. The purpose of this review was to assess the effectiveness and safety of nanomaterials as an alternative to the widely used methods. Due to its poor regenerative and self-healing properties, cartilage repair after lesions or debilitating disease is a major clinical issue. Here, we use the organometallic chemistry identity of chondroitin sulphate to repair cartilage lesions by creating a nano-elemental particle through electrostatic interactions. As an integral part of the extracellular matrix, chondroitin sulphate (CS) is shown to improve osteogenesis in this review. The injectability of hydrated cement products was greatly improved by the addition of CS, but there was no discernible change in their phase, morphology, apparent porosity, or compressive strength. This review article provides a thorough analysis of the results from the use of nanocomposites in orthopaedic drug delivery and bone remodelling engineering.","PeriodicalId":15435,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Composites Science","volume":"68 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139162795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-Linear Analysis in Post-Buckling Regime of a Tilt Rotor Composite Wing Structure Using Detailed Model and Robust Loading Approach","authors":"Antonio Chiariello, Pasquale Vitale, M. Belardo, Francesco Di Caprio, Mauro Linari, Claudio Pezzella, J. Beretta, L. Di Palma","doi":"10.3390/jcs8010004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs8010004","url":null,"abstract":"The design and development of a wing for a completely brand-new aircraft represents, in aeronautics, one of the highest challenges from an engineering point of view. The present work describes a novel methodology devoted to execute numeric simulation in a non-linear post-buckling regime to verify the composite wing compliance under the design load conditions. The procedure was developed as part of a wing design and research activity and was motivated by the need to have more realistic results, without standard conservatisms like the no-buckling up to ultimate load, to be of use for achieving further weight savings. To carry this out, it was obviously necessary to ensure that the structural integrity was also guaranteed in the post-buckling regime, above the limit load, and therefore in a highly non-linear regime. The present work illustrates a numerical approach based on non-linear finite element analysis which uses the inertia relief option in order to have a more realistic representation of the structural response of the wing in its real context. All that represents a novelty since, at present, the commercial FE codes allow us to use the inertia relief option exclusively for linear analysis. Obviously, the approach can be applied to any other structural component with similar needs. The obtained results show that the differences between linear and non-linear regime are not negligible and, above all, that it is possible to design a wing (or other structural components) considering, at the same time, the large deformation due to the post-buckling regime, the material non-linearities due to the failures and any other non-linearities in order to achieve the challenging weight requirement of the new aircraft generation.","PeriodicalId":15435,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Composites Science","volume":"17 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138947536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Influence of Aggressive Environmental Conditions on the Adhesion of Applied Crystalline Materials","authors":"Martin Mottl, P. Reiterman, J. Pazderka","doi":"10.3390/jcs8010005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs8010005","url":null,"abstract":"Crystalline coatings are waterproofing systems used for additional protection against increased moisture and subsurface water ingress. Even though these crystalline materials are commonly used in moisture-protective systems, they have not yet been sufficiently scientifically described. The weakest link in the chain of interaction between crystalline coatings and underlying concrete is the transition zone. To increase knowledge of the interaction between these materials, a series of experiments was prepared using a specially formulated protective mortar as the final surface layer, with the function of additionally waterproofing the structure. An experimental study of the adhesion of surface layers based on secondary crystallization to provide additional protection to concrete structures loaded with moisture or ground water exposure is presented in this paper. The series of experiments carried out consisted of an analysis of protective crystalline mortar adhesion to concrete samples of identical composition. A set of experimental measurements under the influence of various boundary conditions was carried out to determine the bond strength between two different materials. For the experimental measurements, the materials were exposed to aggressive environments for which durability verification had not yet been performed. A modified protective mortar with crystalline admixture was used as an overlayed material. This mortar worked similarly to a crystalline coating after application. Over time, there was penetration of the underlaying concrete and a secondary hydration of the cement matrix which resulted in the waterproofing of the structure. The test samples were exposed to aggressive environmental conditions in the form of freezing–thawing cycles and a carbonation process. Pull-off tests were carried out on every test sample to determine the strength of the surface layers. The penetration of the crystalline agent into the base concrete was confirmed with an SEM observation. The results of the experimental program showed that exposure to the aggressive environment further reduced the strength of the modified mortar containing the crystalline admixture. However, the bond strength between the concrete and the modified mortar exceeded the tensile strength of the concrete.","PeriodicalId":15435,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Composites Science","volume":"16 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139165423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ternary Composite of Polymer, Fullerene and Fluorinated Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes as the Active Layer of Organic Solar Cells","authors":"E. Kobeleva, M. N. Uvarov, N. V. Kravets, Aina V. Kulikova, Vladimir A. Zinovyev, Olga A. Gurova, V. I. Sysoev, Anastasiya M. Kondranova, Maxim S. Kazantsev, Konstantin M. Degtyarenko, Anna G. Matveeva, Leonid V. Kulik","doi":"10.3390/jcs8010003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs8010003","url":null,"abstract":"Fluorinated multi-walled carbon nanotubes are implemented as the third component of the active layer of organic solar cells. The addition of approximately 1% weight fraction of these nanotubes into PCDTBT/PC60BM polymer/fullerene active layer leads to a noticeable increase in the main photovoltaic parameters of the solar cells, including their stability. Presumably, the origins of this influence are optimizing the donor/acceptor composite morphology and reinforcing its structure with fluorinated multi-walled carbon nanotubes. This hypothesis is supported by the dramatic influence of the fluorinated multi-walled carbon nanotube additive on the kinetics of the decay of the EPR signal of light-induced charges in the PCDTBT/PC60BM composite.","PeriodicalId":15435,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Composites Science","volume":" 94","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138961155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reusing Bisphenol—A Type of Epoxy Polymer Recyclates from the Solvolysis of CFRP","authors":"Ching Mui Cho, Xiaobai Wang, Sean Kenzo Tsumura, W. Thitsartarn, S. Tay","doi":"10.3390/jcs8010002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs8010002","url":null,"abstract":"Carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites are highly functional composites which comprise two major components: the polymer matrix and the carbon fiber. Lightweight and having high strength, CFRPs have been used heavily in various industries such as wind, aerospace and automobile. The increasing demand and extensive use led to a huge quantum of CFRP waste from both end-of-life and during manufacturing. Out of this waste, only 2% is recycled, the rest are disposed of via incineration and/or landfill. This has raised significant environmental and sustainability concerns. The current state-of-the-art way of recycling CFRPs is by pyrolysis. However, through the pyrolysis process, the polymer used in the CFRPs, which accounts for around 65–75 wt.%, cannot be recovered and reused. In most publications, the focus on CFRP recycling was on the recovering of the more valuable carbon fiber. The polymer matrix is mostly burnt off, in the case of pyrolysis, or disposed. To obtain full circularity, recovering and reusing both the carbon fiber and polymer is necessary. In this paper, we primarily focus on the recovered bisphenol-A type of epoxy polymer (REP) obtained from solvolysis digestion of CFRP and explore the feasibility of reusing this REP by blending it with pristine epoxy in various compositions to create new materials. The physical and mechanical properties, including decomposition temperatures (Td), glass transition temperatures (Tg), storage modulus, loss modulus, flexural and tensile strength, were characterized using thermal gravity analyzer (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA) and Instron universal tester. The results indicate a decrease in glass transition and decomposition temperature, and mechanical properties as the blending composition increases. This suggests that the total blending composition should not exceed 10 wt.%, with an optimal range potentially falling between 5 to 6 wt.%.","PeriodicalId":15435,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Composites Science","volume":" 30","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138962743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global and Local Deformation Analysis of Mg-SiC Nanocomposites: Digital Image Correlation (DIC) and Representative Volume Element (RVE) Techniques","authors":"Fatemeh Rahimi Mehr, S. Kamrani, Claudia Fleck, Mohammad Salavati","doi":"10.3390/jcs8010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs8010001","url":null,"abstract":"Improving the ductile deformation behavior of Mg-SiC nanocomposites without compromising strength is critical to enhancing their mechanical properties. Mg-SiC nanocomposites are produced through mechanical milling, cold isostatic pressing, sintering, and hot extrusion processes. This study investigates the uniaxial stress–strain response and deformation behavior of the Mg-SiC nanocomposite compared to pure Mg samples with and without the milling process. The deformation behavior was investigated by two-dimensional (2D) digital image correlation (DIC) at two macroscopic and microscopic scales, employing light micrographs and in situ loading samples, respectively, in the scanning electron microscope. Compared to the pure Mg samples, the mechanical test results demonstrated a significant improvement in strength (80 MPa) and fracture strain (23.5%) of the Mg-SiC nanocomposite. The three-dimensional (3D) representative volume element (RVE) model revealed the particle dispersion effect on the mechanical properties of the nanocomposite. The RVE results demonstrate ductile deformation behavior in the sample with homogenous dispersion of SiC particles compared with the heterogeneous dispersion of SiC particles in Mg-SiC nanocomposite. The results demonstrated a good agreement between DIC and RVE predictions for Mg-SiC nanocomposites across macro- and microscales.","PeriodicalId":15435,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Composites Science","volume":"139 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138962887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}