Journal of Composites Science最新文献

A Study on the Early Degradation of the Non-Additive Polypropylene–Polyethylene Composite Sampled between the Polymerization Reactor and the Deactivation-Degassing Tank 在聚合反应器和失活-脱气槽之间取样的非添加型聚丙烯-聚乙烯复合材料的早期降解研究

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Journal of Composites Science Pub Date : 2024-08-09 DOI: 10.3390/jcs8080311

Joaquín Alejandro Hernández Fernández, Rodrigo Ortega-Toro, Eduardo Antonio Espinosa Fuentes

{"title":"A Study on the Early Degradation of the Non-Additive Polypropylene–Polyethylene Composite Sampled between the Polymerization Reactor and the Deactivation-Degassing Tank","authors":"Joaquín Alejandro Hernández Fernández, Rodrigo Ortega-Toro, Eduardo Antonio Espinosa Fuentes","doi":"10.3390/jcs8080311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs8080311","url":null,"abstract":"The industrial production of polypropylene–polyethylene composites (C-PP-PE) involves the generation of waste that is not usable, resulting in a significant environmental impact globally. In this research, we identified different concentrations of aluminum (8–410 ppm), chlorine (13–205 ppm), and iron (4–100 ppm) residues originating from traces of the Ziegler–Natta catalyst and the triethylaluminum (TEAL) co-catalyst. These residues accelerate the generation of plastic waste and affect the thermo-kinetic performance of C-PP-PE, as well as the formation of volatile organic compounds that reduce the commercial viability of C-PP-PE. Several families of organic compounds were quantified by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry, and it is evident that these concentrations varied directly with the ppm of Al, Cl, and Fe present in C-PP-PE. This research used kinetic models of Coats–Redfern, Horowitz–Metzger, Flynn–Wall–Ozawa, and Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose. The activation energy values (Ea) were inversely correlated with Al, Cl, and Fe concentrations. In samples PP0 and W3, with low Al, Cl, and Fe concentrations, the values (Ea) were 286 and 224 kJ mol−1, respectively, using the Horowitz method. Samples W1 and W5, with a high ppm of these elements, showed Ea values of 80.83 and 102.99 kJ mol−1, respectively. This knowledge of the thermodynamic behavior and the elucidation of possible chemical reactions in the industrial production of C-PP-PE allowed us to search for a suitable remediation technique to give a new commercial life to C-PP-PE waste, thus supporting the management of plastic waste and improving the process—recycling to promote sustainability and industrial efficiency. One option was using the antioxidant additive Irgafos P-168 (IG-P168), which stabilized some of these C-PP-PE residues very well until thermal properties similar to those of pure C-PP-PE were obtained.","PeriodicalId":15435,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Composites Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141923043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Axial Compressive Behavior of CFRP and MWCNT Incorporated GFRP Confined Concrete Cylinders after Exposure to Various Aggressive Environments CFRP 和含有 MWCNT 的 GFRP 承压混凝土圆柱体在暴露于各种侵蚀性环境后的轴向抗压行为

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Journal of Composites Science Pub Date : 2024-08-09 DOI: 10.3390/jcs8080313

Sruthi Sreekumar Kavitha, Mini K. Madhavan, K. Jayanarayanan, P. Sarker

{"title":"Axial Compressive Behavior of CFRP and MWCNT Incorporated GFRP Confined Concrete Cylinders after Exposure to Various Aggressive Environments","authors":"Sruthi Sreekumar Kavitha, Mini K. Madhavan, K. Jayanarayanan, P. Sarker","doi":"10.3390/jcs8080313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs8080313","url":null,"abstract":"Fiber-reinforced polymer confinement is considered to be effective in the retrofitting of concrete structures. The current study explores the effectiveness of one- and two-layer carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) and multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) incorporated three-layer glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) confinement on concrete cylinders under aggressive exposures, such as acid, alkaline, marine, water, and elevated temperatures. At 1 wt.% MWCNT by weight of the epoxy matrix, mechanical characteristics of the laminate show a significant improvement. In the case of acid exposure, the axial load-carrying capacity of concrete specimens with single-layer CFRP confinement was equal to that of MWCNT incorporated three-layer GFRP confinement (GF3C1-AC). The axial strain of GF3C1-AC was 23% and 12% higher than one and two-layer CFRP confinement. After exposure at 400 °C, in comparison with one- and two-layer CFRP confinement, the axial strain of MWCNT incorporated three-layer GFRP confined specimens increased by 50% and 20%, respectively, which proved the efficacy of MWCNT as a heat-resistant nanofiller. The ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) test indicates that the confinement system protects the concrete core from sudden failure by impeding crack propagation. The test results proved that the MWCNT incorporated FRP system can be considered as a prospective substitute for CFRP systems for retrofitting applications in severe environmental conditions.","PeriodicalId":15435,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Composites Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141923007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

PEBAX® 5533D Formulation for Enhancement of Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Material Used in Medical Device Manufacturing PEBAX® 5533D 配方用于增强医疗器械制造中所用材料的机械和热性能

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Journal of Composites Science Pub Date : 2024-08-09 DOI: 10.3390/jcs8080314

Mildred Guillén-Espinoza, Fabián Vásquez Sancho, Ricardo Starbird-Pérez, Roy Zamora-Sequeira

{"title":"PEBAX® 5533D Formulation for Enhancement of Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Material Used in Medical Device Manufacturing","authors":"Mildred Guillén-Espinoza, Fabián Vásquez Sancho, Ricardo Starbird-Pérez, Roy Zamora-Sequeira","doi":"10.3390/jcs8080314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs8080314","url":null,"abstract":"The medical device industry is constantly innovating in the search for materials that demonstrate superior performance, better intrinsic characteristics, profitability, and a positive impact on potential patients. The thermoplastic polymer resin Pebax® 5533D is one of the most widely used commercial materials for manufacturing medical device parts due to its easy processability. However, its mechanical and thermal properties require improvements to mitigate identified manufacturing defects, such as a decrease in material flexibility, high susceptibility to moisture, and thermal degradation during processing. Therefore, this study integrated different materials, such as plasticizers and filler additives, to produce a polymer compound prototype formula as a solution technique to enhance the current material’s performance. Modifying mechanical and rheological properties allows to evaluate the impacts on the polymeric material’s flexibility and thermal behavior. This was achieved by processing mixed additives using injector-molding equipment to obtain equal-molded samples of every formula. In addition, material characterization was performed to determine the variations in the samples’ crystallization, flexural strength, and moisture content. Calcium stearate was determined to be the most significant component serving as a mechanical resistance modifier and thermal stabilizer alongside calcium chloride as a moisture content reducer combined with Pebax® 5533D.","PeriodicalId":15435,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Composites Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141924060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Influence of Long-Term Moisture Exposure and Temperature on the Mechanical Properties of Hybrid FRP Composite Specimens 长期湿度暴露和温度对混合玻璃钢复合材料试样力学性能的影响

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Journal of Composites Science Pub Date : 2024-08-09 DOI: 10.3390/jcs8080312

Getahun Tefera, Glen Bright, S. Adali

{"title":"Influence of Long-Term Moisture Exposure and Temperature on the Mechanical Properties of Hybrid FRP Composite Specimens","authors":"Getahun Tefera, Glen Bright, S. Adali","doi":"10.3390/jcs8080312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs8080312","url":null,"abstract":"The present experimental study assesses the mechanical properties of glass/carbon/glass hybrid composite laminates after being exposed to moisture in a deep freezer and elevated temperatures for extended periods. The top and bottom layers of the hybrid laminates are reinforced with glass fibre, and the middle layer is reinforced with carbon fibre using the epoxy matrix as a binder polymer material. The hybrid laminates were manufactured using the resin transfer moulding method, and their compressive and tensile properties were determined using a tensile testing machine. The storage modulus, loss modulus, and damping factors of all groups of laminates were identified using a dynamic mechanical analysis as a function of temperature and vibration frequency. The experimental results on compressive and tensile properties revealed slight variations when the hybrid laminates were kept at low temperatures in a deep freezer for extended periods. This might occur due to the increasing molecular crosslinking of the polymer network. As the testing temperature increased, compressive, tensile, storage modules, loss modulus, and damping factors decreased. This might occur due to the increasing mobility of the binder material. Particularly, the highest stiffness parameters were obtained at −80 °C/GCG (glass/carbon/glass) laminates due to the presence of a beta transition in the glassy region. The relationships between the glass transitions and the targeted frequencies were characterized. The values of the glass transition shift towards higher temperatures as the frequency increases. This might occur due to a reduction in the gaps between the crosslinking of the epoxy network when the frequency increases. The accuracy of the storage modulus results was compared with the empirical models. The model based on the Arrhenius law provided the closest correlation. Meanwhile, another model was observed that was not accurate enough to predict when gamma and beta relaxations occur in a glassy state.","PeriodicalId":15435,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Composites Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141922809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Conductive Polymer-Based Thermoelectric Composites: Preparation, Properties, and Applications 基于导电聚合物的热电复合材料：制备、性能和应用

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Journal of Composites Science Pub Date : 2024-08-08 DOI: 10.3390/jcs8080308

E. Song, Peiyao Liu, Yifan Lv, Erqiang Wang, Cun-Yue Guo

引用次数: 0

Evidence for a Giant Magneto-Electric Coupling in Bulk Composites with Coaxial Fibers of Nickel–Zinc Ferrite and PZT 镍锌铁氧体和 PZT 同轴纤维块状复合材料中巨大磁电耦合的证据

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Journal of Composites Science Pub Date : 2024-08-08 DOI: 10.3390/jcs8080309

Bingfeng Ge, Jitao Zhang, Sujoy Saha, Sabita Acharya, Chaitrali Kshirsagar, Sidharth Menon, Menka Jain, Michael R. Page, G. Srinivasan

{"title":"Evidence for a Giant Magneto-Electric Coupling in Bulk Composites with Coaxial Fibers of Nickel–Zinc Ferrite and PZT","authors":"Bingfeng Ge, Jitao Zhang, Sujoy Saha, Sabita Acharya, Chaitrali Kshirsagar, Sidharth Menon, Menka Jain, Michael R. Page, G. Srinivasan","doi":"10.3390/jcs8080309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs8080309","url":null,"abstract":"This report is on magneto-electric (ME) interactions in bulk composites with coaxial fibers of nickel–zinc ferrite and PZT. The core–shell fibers of PZT and Ni1−xZnxFe2O4 (NZFO) with x = 0–0.5 were made by electrospinning. Both kinds of fibers, either with ferrite or PZT core and with diameters in the range of 1–3 μm were made. Electron and scanning probe microscopy images indicated well-formed fibers with uniform core and shell structures and defect-free interface. X-ray diffraction data for the fibers annealed at 700–900 °C did not show any impurity phases. Magnetization, magnetostriction, ferromagnetic resonance, and polarization P versus electric field E measurements confirmed the ferroic nature of the fibers. For ME measurements, the fibers were pressed into disks and rectangular platelets and then annealed at 900–1000 °C for densification. The strengths of strain-mediated ME coupling were measured by the H-induced changes in remnant polarization Pr and by low-frequency ME voltage coefficient (MEVC). The fractional change in Pr under H increased in magnitude, from +3% for disks of NFO–PZT to −82% for NZFO (x = 0.3)-PZT, and a further increase in x resulted in a decrease to a value of −3% for x = 0.5. The low-frequency MEVC measured in disks of the core–shell fibers ranged from 6 mV/cm Oe to 37 mV/cm Oe. The fractional changes in Pr and the MEVC values were an order of magnitude higher than for bulk samples containing mixed fibers with a random distribution of NZFO and PZT. The bulk composites with coaxial fibers have the potential for use as magnetic field sensors and in energy-harvesting applications.","PeriodicalId":15435,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Composites Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141927283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Analysis of Models to Predict Mechanical Properties of High-Performance and Ultra-High-Performance Concrete Using Machine Learning 利用机器学习预测高性能和超高性能混凝土力学性能的模型分析

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Journal of Composites Science Pub Date : 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.3390/jcs8080287

M. Hematibahar, M. Kharun, A. Beskopylny, S. Stel’makh, E. Shcherban’, I. Razveeva

{"title":"Analysis of Models to Predict Mechanical Properties of High-Performance and Ultra-High-Performance Concrete Using Machine Learning","authors":"M. Hematibahar, M. Kharun, A. Beskopylny, S. Stel’makh, E. Shcherban’, I. Razveeva","doi":"10.3390/jcs8080287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs8080287","url":null,"abstract":"High-Performance Concrete (HPC) and Ultra-High-Performance Concrete (UHPC) have many applications in civil engineering industries. These two types of concrete have as many similarities as they have differences with each other, such as the mix design and additive powders like silica fume, metakaolin, and various fibers, however, the optimal percentages of the mixture design properties of each element of these concretes are completely different. This study investigated the differences and similarities between these two types of concrete to find better mechanical behavior through mixture design and parameters of each concrete. In addition, this paper studied the correlation matrix through the machine learning method to predict the mechanical properties and find the relationship between the concrete mix design elements and the mechanical properties. In this way, Linear, Ridge, Lasso, Random Forest, K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Decision tree, and Partial least squares (PLS) regressions have been chosen to find the best regression types. To find the accuracy, the coefficient of determination (R2), mean absolute error (MAE), and root-mean-square error (RMSE) were selected. Finally, PLS, Linear, and Lasso regressions had better results than other regressions, with R2 greater than 93%, 92%, and 92%, respectively. In general, the present study shows that HPC and UHPC have different mix designs and mechanical properties. In addition, PLS, Linear, and Lasso regressions are the best regressions for predicting mechanical properties.","PeriodicalId":15435,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Composites Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141799888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessment of Long-Term Water Absorption on Thermal, Morphological, and Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene-Based Composites with Agro-Waste Fillers 评估长期吸水对含农业废弃物填料的聚丙烯基复合材料的热、形态和机械性能的影响

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Journal of Composites Science Pub Date : 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.3390/jcs8080288

T. Zhiltsova, Andreia Costa, Mónica S. A. Oliveira

{"title":"Assessment of Long-Term Water Absorption on Thermal, Morphological, and Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene-Based Composites with Agro-Waste Fillers","authors":"T. Zhiltsova, Andreia Costa, Mónica S. A. Oliveira","doi":"10.3390/jcs8080288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs8080288","url":null,"abstract":"Agro-waste fibres for polymer composite reinforcement have gained increased interest in industry and academia as a more sustainable alternative to synthetic fibres. However, natural fibre composite (NFC) hygroscopicity is still an issue that needs to be solved. This work investigates how prolonged exposure to water affects the properties of the polypropylene (PP)-based injection-moulded composites reinforced with different contents of rice husk (rh) and olive pit (op) fibres. Both rh and op composites became more hydrophilic with increased fibre charge due to the affinity of cellulose and hemicellulose OH groups. Meanwhile, lignin contributes to the protection of the composites from thermo-oxidative degradation caused by water immersion. The PPrh composites had a higher saturation water content of 1.47% (20 wt.% rh) and 2.38% (30 wt.% rh) in comparison to PPop composites with an absorption of 1.13% (20 wt.% op) and 1.59% (30 wt.% op). The tensile elastic modulus has slightly increased, at the cost of the increased saturated composites’ rigidity, in composites with 30% rh and op fibre content (up to 13%) while marginally decreasing (down to 8%) in PP30%op compared to unsaturated counterparts. A similar trend was observed for the flexural modulus, enhanced up to 18%. However, rh and op composites with 30% fibre content ruptured in bending, highlighting their fragility after hydrolytic ageing.","PeriodicalId":15435,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Composites Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141801004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Current Trends in the Use of Biomass in the Manufacture of Rigid Polyurethane Foams: A Review 使用生物质制造硬质聚氨酯泡沫的当前趋势：综述

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Journal of Composites Science Pub Date : 2024-07-23 DOI: 10.3390/jcs8080286

D. Dukarska, R. Mirski

{"title":"Current Trends in the Use of Biomass in the Manufacture of Rigid Polyurethane Foams: A Review","authors":"D. Dukarska, R. Mirski","doi":"10.3390/jcs8080286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs8080286","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses methods of using biomass from the agriculture, forestry, food and aquaculture industries as potential raw materials for bio-polyols and as fillers in the production of rigid polyurethane (RPUR) foams. Various aspects of obtaining bio-polyols are discussed, as well as the impact of replacing petrochemical polyols with bio-polyols on the properties of foams. Special attention is paid to the conversion of vegetable oils and lignin. Another important aspect of the research is the use of biomass as foam fillers. Chemical and physical modifications are discussed, and important factors, such as the type and origin of biomass, particle size and amount, affecting the foaming process, microstructure and properties of RPUR foams are identified. The advantages and disadvantages of using biomass in foam production are described. It is found that bio-polyols can replace (at least partially) petrochemical polyols while maintaining the high insulation and strength of foams. In the case of the use of biomass as fillers, it is found that the shaping of their properties is largely dependent on the specific characteristics of the filler particles. This requires further research into process optimization but allows for the fine-tuning of RPUR foam properties to meet specific requirements.","PeriodicalId":15435,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Composites Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141810864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Modifying the Characteristics of the Electrical Arc Generated during Hot Switching by Reinforcing Silver and Copper Matrices with Carbon Nanotubes 用碳纳米管增强银和铜基体，改变热转换过程中产生的电弧特性

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Journal of Composites Science Pub Date : 2024-07-22 DOI: 10.3390/jcs8070285

Bruno Alderete, Christian Schäfer, U. Pranav Nayak, F. Mücklich, S. Suárez

{"title":"Modifying the Characteristics of the Electrical Arc Generated during Hot Switching by Reinforcing Silver and Copper Matrices with Carbon Nanotubes","authors":"Bruno Alderete, Christian Schäfer, U. Pranav Nayak, F. Mücklich, S. Suárez","doi":"10.3390/jcs8070285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs8070285","url":null,"abstract":"Switching elements are crucial components in electrical and electronic systems that undergo severe degradation due to the electrical arc that is generated during breaking. Understanding the behavior of the electrical arc and modifying its characteristics via proper electrode design can significantly improve durability while also promoting optimal performance, reliability, and safety in circuit breakers. This work evaluates the feasibility of carbon nanotube (CNT)-reinforced silver and copper metal matrix composites (MMCs) as switching electrodes and the influence of CNT concentration on the characteristics of the arcs generated. Accordingly, three different concentrations per MMC were manufactured via powder metallurgy. The MMCs and reference materials were subjected to a single break operation and the electrical arcs generated using 100 W and 200 W resistive loads were analyzed. The proposed MMCs displayed promising results for application in low-voltage switches. The addition of CNTs improved performance by maintaining the arc’s energy in the silver MMCs and reducing the arc’s energy in the copper MMCs. Moreover, a CNT concentration of at least 2 wt.% is required to prevent unstable arcs in both metallic matrices. Increased CNT content further promotes the splitting of the electrical arc due to a more complex phase distribution, thereby reducing the arc’s spatial energy density.","PeriodicalId":15435,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Composites Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141814615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0