Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology最新文献

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Slowness in writing numbers in words and in digits among children with a specific learning disorder (SLD) and typically developing (TD). 患有特殊学习障碍 (SLD) 和发育正常 (TD) 的儿童在用文字和数字书写数字时速度缓慢。
IF 1.8 4区 心理学
Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-10 DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2024.2328872
Francesca De Vita, Cesare Cornoldi, Anna Maria Re
{"title":"Slowness in writing numbers in words and in digits among children with a specific learning disorder (SLD) and typically developing (TD).","authors":"Francesca De Vita, Cesare Cornoldi, Anna Maria Re","doi":"10.1080/13803395.2024.2328872","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13803395.2024.2328872","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Instruction: </strong>Children with a Specific Learning Disorder (SLD) write linguistic material more slowly than children with typically developing (TD). However, it is not known whether the same difficulties are present when they write numbers. The goal of the present study was to fill this gap and to compare TD's and SLD's speed in writing numbers both in words and in digits.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Therefore, we examined the ability to write numbers in words and digits (numerals) in a sample of sixth- to eighth-grade children diagnosed with SLD. We assessed 32 children with SLD (17 males and 15 females) and a control group of students with TD matched for sex, age, and grade with two writing speed tasks: writing numbers in words and in digits. The two tasks were administered both in normal condition (N) and in articulatory suppression condition (AS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found that 6th to 8th graders with a SLD were slower than TD children when writing numbers, both in words and in digits, and their slowness was similar in the two cases. However, when the tasks were carried out under a condition of articulatory suppression, the SLD group exhibited a conspicuous impairment, only when writing numbers in words. A similar pattern of performance was observed also in the case of writing errors.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We concluded that children with SLD have a general speed problem that may affect writing of different materials but also a specific problem related to the processing of phonological information during writing.</p>","PeriodicalId":15382,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"246-253"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140094134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Application of immersive virtual reality for assessing chronic neglect in individuals with stroke: the immersive virtual road-crossing task. 应用沉浸式虚拟现实技术评估中风患者的慢性忽视:沉浸式虚拟过马路任务。
IF 1.8 4区 心理学
Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-22 DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2024.2329380
Julia Belger, Sebastian Wagner, Michael Gaebler, Hans-Otto Karnath, Bernhard Preim, Patrick Saalfeld, Anna Schatz, Arno Villringer, Angelika Thöne-Otto
{"title":"Application of immersive virtual reality for assessing chronic neglect in individuals with stroke: the immersive virtual road-crossing task.","authors":"Julia Belger, Sebastian Wagner, Michael Gaebler, Hans-Otto Karnath, Bernhard Preim, Patrick Saalfeld, Anna Schatz, Arno Villringer, Angelika Thöne-Otto","doi":"10.1080/13803395.2024.2329380","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13803395.2024.2329380","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Neglect can be a long-term consequence of chronic stroke that can impede an individual's ability to perform daily activities, but chronic and discrete forms can be difficult to detect. We developed and evaluated the \"immersive virtual road-crossing task\" (iVRoad) to identify and quantify discrete neglect symptoms in chronic stroke patients.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The iVRoad task requires crossing virtual intersections and placing a letter in a mailbox placed either on the left or right. We tested three groups using the HTC Vive Pro Eye: (1) chronic right hemisphere stroke patients with (<i>N</i> = 20) and (2) without (<i>N</i> = 20) chronic left-sided neglect, and (3) age and gender-matched healthy controls (<i>N</i> = 20). We analyzed temporal parameters, errors, and head rotation to identify group-specific patterns, and applied questionnaires to measure self-assessed pedestrian behavior and usability.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, the task was well-tolerated by all participants with fewer cybersickness-induced symptoms <i>after</i> the VR exposure than before. Reaction time, left-sided errors, and lateral head movements for traffic from left most clearly distinguished between groups. Neglect patients committed more dangerous crossings, but their self-rated pedestrian behavior did not differ from that of stroke patients without neglect. This demonstrates their reduced awareness of the risks in everyday life and highlights the clinical relevance of the task.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings suggest that a virtual road crossing task, such as iVRoad, has the potential to identify subtle symptoms of neglect by providing virtual scenarios that more closely resemble the demands and challenges of everyday life. iVRoad is an immersive, naturalistic virtual reality task that can measure clinically relevant behavioral variance and identify discrete neglect symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":15382,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"254-271"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140184562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Development and initial validation of the Scale of Scales (SOS) overreporting scores for the MMPI family of instruments 为 MMPI 系列工具开发量表(SOS)过度报告评分并进行初步验证
IF 2.2 4区 心理学
Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology Pub Date : 2024-03-05 DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2024.2320453
Paul B. Ingram, Megan A. Keen, Tina E. Greene, Cole Morris, Patrick J. Armistead-Jehle
{"title":"Development and initial validation of the Scale of Scales (SOS) overreporting scores for the MMPI family of instruments","authors":"Paul B. Ingram, Megan A. Keen, Tina E. Greene, Cole Morris, Patrick J. Armistead-Jehle","doi":"10.1080/13803395.2024.2320453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13803395.2024.2320453","url":null,"abstract":"Overreporting is a common problem that complicates psychological evaluations. A challenge facing the effective detection of overreporting is that many of the identified strategies (e.g., symptom se...","PeriodicalId":15382,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology","volume":"2013 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140036763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Exploration of PCL-5 symptom validity indices for detection of exaggerated and feigned PTSD. 探索 PCL-5 症状有效性指数,以检测夸大和假装的创伤后应激障碍。
IF 2.2 4区 心理学
Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-14 DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2024.2314728
Ryan W Schroeder, Rachel K Bieu
{"title":"Exploration of PCL-5 symptom validity indices for detection of exaggerated and feigned PTSD.","authors":"Ryan W Schroeder, Rachel K Bieu","doi":"10.1080/13803395.2024.2314728","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13803395.2024.2314728","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>There are very few symptom validity indices directly examining overreported posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptomatology, and, until recently, there were no symptom validity indices embedded within the PTSD Checklist for the DSM-5 (PCL-5), which is one of the most commonly used PTSD measures. Given this, the current study sought to develop and cross-validate symptom validity indices for the PCL-5.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Multiple criterion groups comprised of Veteran patients were utilized (<i>N</i> = 210). Patients were determined to be valid or invalid responders based on Personality Asessment Inventory symptom validity indices. Three PCL-5 symptom validity indices were then examined: the PCL-5 Symptom Severity scale (PSS), the PCL-5 Extreme Symptom scale (PES), and the PCL-5 Rare Items scale (PRI).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Area under the curve statistics ranged from .78 to .85. The PSS and PES both met classification accuracy statistic goals, with the PES achieving the highest sensitivity rate (.39) when maintaining specificity at .90 or above across all criterion groups. When an ad hoc analysis was performed, which included only patients with exceptionally strong evidence of invalidity, sensitivity rates increased to .60 for the PES while maintaining specificity at .90.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings provide preliminary support for new PTSD symptom validity indices embedded within one of the most frequently used PTSD measures.</p>","PeriodicalId":15382,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"152-161"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139729777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Cross validation of the response bias scale and the response bias scale-19 in active-duty personnel: use on the MMPI-2-RF and MMPI-3. 现役军人反应偏差量表和反应偏差量表-19 的交叉验证:在 MMPI-2-RF 和 MMPI-3 上的使用。
IF 2.2 4区 心理学
Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-17 DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2024.2330727
Paul B Ingram, Patrick Armistead-Jehle, Lucas G Childers, Tristan T Herring
{"title":"Cross validation of the response bias scale and the response bias scale-19 in active-duty personnel: use on the MMPI-2-RF and MMPI-3.","authors":"Paul B Ingram, Patrick Armistead-Jehle, Lucas G Childers, Tristan T Herring","doi":"10.1080/13803395.2024.2330727","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13803395.2024.2330727","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Response Bias Scale (RBS) is the central measure of cognitive over-reporting in the MMPI-family of instruments. Relative to other clinical populations, the research evaluating the detection of over-reporting is more limited in Veteran and Active-Duty personnel, which has produced some psychometric variability across studies. Some have suggested that the original scale construction methods resulted in items which negatively impact classification accuracy and in response crafted an abbreviated version of the RBS (RBS-19; Ratcliffe et al., 2022; Spencer et al., 2022). In addition, the most recent edition of the MMPI is based on new normative data, which impacts the ability to use existing literature to determine effective cut-scores for the RBS (despite all items having been retained across MMPI versions). To date, no published research exists for the MMPI-3 RBS. The current study examined the utility of the RBS and the RBS-19 in a sample of Active-Duty personnel (<i>n</i> = 186) referred for neuropsychological evaluation. Using performance validity tests as the study criterion, we found that the RBS-19 was generally equitably to RBS in classification. Correlations with other MMPI-2-RF over- and under-reporting symptom validity tests were slightly stronger for RBS-19. Implications and directions for research and practice with RBS/RBS-19 are discussed, along with implications for neuropsychological assessment and response validity theory.</p>","PeriodicalId":15382,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"141-151"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140140322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Development of a measure for assessing malingered incompetency in criminal proceedings: Denney competency related test (D-CRT). 开发一种用于评估刑事诉讼中畸形无行为能力的测量方法:丹尼能力相关测试(D-CRT)。
IF 2.2 4区 心理学
Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-12 DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2024.2314731
Robert L Denney, Sundeep Thinda, Patrick M Finn, Rachel L Fazio, Michelle J Chen, Michael R Walsh
{"title":"Development of a measure for assessing malingered incompetency in criminal proceedings: Denney competency related test (D-CRT).","authors":"Robert L Denney, Sundeep Thinda, Patrick M Finn, Rachel L Fazio, Michelle J Chen, Michael R Walsh","doi":"10.1080/13803395.2024.2314731","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13803395.2024.2314731","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Experts frequently assess competency in criminal settings where the rate of feigning cognitive deficit is demonstrably elevated. We describe the construction and validation of the Denney Competency Related Test (D-CRT) to assess feigned incompetency of defendants in the criminal adjudicative setting. It was expected the D-CRT would prove effective at identifying feigned incompetence based on its two alternative, forced-choice and performance curve characteristics.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Development and validation of the D-CRT occurred in described phases. Items were developed to measure competency based upon expert review. Item analysis and adjustments were completed with 304 young teenage volunteers to obtain a proper spread of item difficulty in preparation for eventual performance curve analysis (PCA). Test-retest reliability was assessed with 44 adult community volunteers. Validation included an analog simulation design with 101 jail detainees using MacArthur Competency Assessment Test-Criminal Adjudication and Word Memory Test as criterion measures. Effects of racial/ethnic demographic differences were examined in a separate study of 208 undergraduate volunteers. D-CRT specificity was identified with 46 elderly clinic referrals diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment and dementia.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Item development, adjustment, and repeat analysis resulted in item probabilities evenly spread from .28 to 1.0. Test-retest correlation was good (.83). Internal consistency of items was excellent (KR-20 > .91). D-CRT demonstrated convergent validity in regard to measuring competency related information and as well as malingering. The test successfully differentiated between jail inmates asked to perforfm their best and inmates asked to simulate incompetency (AUC = .945). There were no statistically significant differences found in performance across racial/ethnic backgrounds. D-CRT specificity remained excellent among elderly clinic referrals with significant cognitive compromise at the recommended total score cutoff.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>D-CRT is an effective measure of feigned criminal incompetency in the context of potential cognitive deficiency, and PCA is assistive in the determination. Additional validation using knowns groups designs with various mental health-related conditions are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":15382,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"124-140"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139722822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Examination of the relationship between symptom and performance validity measures across referral subtypes. 检查转诊亚型的症状和表现有效性测量之间的关系。
IF 2.2 4区 心理学
Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2023-10-04 DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2023.2261633
Kaley Boress, Owen Gaasedelen, Jeong Hye Kim, Michael R Basso, Douglas M Whiteside
{"title":"Examination of the relationship between symptom and performance validity measures across referral subtypes.","authors":"Kaley Boress, Owen Gaasedelen, Jeong Hye Kim, Michael R Basso, Douglas M Whiteside","doi":"10.1080/13803395.2023.2261633","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13803395.2023.2261633","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The extent to which performance validity (PVT) and symptom validity (SVT) tests measure separate constructs is unclear. Prior research using the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2 & RF) suggested that PVTs and SVTs are separate but related constructs. However, the relationship between Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) SVTs and PVTs has not been explored. This study aimed to replicate previous MMPI research using the PAI, exploring the relationship between PVTs and overreporting SVTs across three subsamples, neurodevelopmental (attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)/learning disorder), psychiatric, and mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants included 561 consecutive referrals who completed the Test of Memory Malingering (TOMM) and the PAI. Three subgroups were created based on referral question. The relationship between PAI SVTs and the PVT was evaluated through multiple regression analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results demonstrated the relationship between PAI symptom overreporting SVTs, including Negative Impression Management (NIM), Malingering Index (MAL), and Cognitive Bias Scale (CBS), and PVTs varied by referral subgroup. Specifically, overreporting on CBS but not NIM and MAL significantly predicted poorer PVT performance in the full sample and the mTBI sample. In contrast, none of the overreporting SVTs significantly predicted PVT performance in the ADHD/learning disorder sample but conversely, all SVTs predicted PVT performance in the psychiatric sample.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results partially replicated prior research comparing SVTs and PVTs and suggested that constructs measured by SVTs and PVTs vary depending upon population. The results support the necessity of both PVTs and SVTs in clinical neuropsychological practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":15382,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"162-171"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41132625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Evaluation of telehealth administration of MMPI symptom validity scales. 对 MMPI 症状有效性量表的远程医疗管理进行评估。
IF 2.2 4区 心理学
Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-20 DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2024.2314734
Robert D Shura, Alison Sapp, Paul B Ingram, Timothy W Brearly
{"title":"Evaluation of telehealth administration of MMPI symptom validity scales.","authors":"Robert D Shura, Alison Sapp, Paul B Ingram, Timothy W Brearly","doi":"10.1080/13803395.2024.2314734","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13803395.2024.2314734","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Telehealth assessment (TA) is a quickly emerging practice, offered with increasing frequency across many different clinical contexts. TA is also well-received by most patients, and there are numerous guidelines and training opportunities which can support effective telehealth practice. Although there are extensive recommended practices, these guidelines have rarely been evaluated empirically, particularly on personality measures. While existing research is limited, it does generally support the idea that TA and in-person assessment (IA) produce fairly equitable test scores. The MMPI-3, a recently released and highly popular personality and psychopathology measure has been the subject of several of those experimental or student (non-client) based studies; however, no study to date has evaluated these trends within a clinical sample. This study empirically tests for differences in TA and IA test scores on the MMPI-3 validity scores when following recommended administration procedures.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Data were from a retrospective chart review. Veterans (<i>n</i> = 550) who underwent psychological assessment in a Veterans Affairs Medical Center ADHD evaluation clinic were contrasted between in person and telehealth assessment modalities on the MMPI-2-RF and MMPI-3. Groups were compared using <i>t</i> tests, chi square, and base rates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results suggest that there were minimal differences in elevation rates or mean scores across modality, supporting the use of TA.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study's findings support the use of the MMPI via TA with ADHD evaluations, Veterans, and in neuro/psychological evaluation settings more generally. Observed elevation rates and mean scores of this study were notably different from those seen in other VA service clinics sampled nationally, which is an area of future investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":15382,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"86-94"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139905739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Cross-validating the Clinical Assessment of Attention Deficit-Adult symptom validity scales for assessment of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in adults. 注意缺陷-成人症状效度量表评估成人注意缺陷/多动障碍的临床评估交叉验证。
IF 2.2 4区 心理学
Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-23 DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2023.2283940
John-Christopher A Finley, Brian M Cerny, Julia M Brooks, Maximillian A Obolsky, Aya Haneda, Gabriel P Ovsiew, Devin M Ulrich, Zachary J Resch, Jason R Soble
{"title":"Cross-validating the Clinical Assessment of Attention Deficit-Adult symptom validity scales for assessment of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in adults.","authors":"John-Christopher A Finley, Brian M Cerny, Julia M Brooks, Maximillian A Obolsky, Aya Haneda, Gabriel P Ovsiew, Devin M Ulrich, Zachary J Resch, Jason R Soble","doi":"10.1080/13803395.2023.2283940","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13803395.2023.2283940","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The Clinical Assessment of Attention Deficit-Adult is among the few questionnaires that offer validity indicators (i.e., Negative Impression [NI], Infrequency [IF], and Positive Impression [PI]) for classifying underreporting and overreporting of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms. This is the first study to cross-validate the NI, IF, and PI scales in a sample of adults with suspected or known ADHD.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to examine the independent and combined value of the NI, IF, and PI scores in predicting invalid symptom reporting and neurocognitive performance in a sample of 543 adults undergoing ADHD evaluation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The NI scale demonstrated better classification accuracy than the IF scale in discriminating patients with and without valid scores on measures of overreporting. Only NI scores significantly predicted validity status when used in combination with IF scores. Optimal cut-scores for the NI (≤51; 30% sensitivity / 90% specificity) and IF (≥4; 18% sensitivity / 90% specificity) scales were consistent with those reported in the original manual; however, these indicators poorly discriminated patients with invalid and valid neurocognitive performance. The PI scale demonstrated acceptable classification accuracy in discriminating patients with invalid and valid scores on measures of underreporting, albeit with an optimal cut-score (≥27; 36% sensitivity / 90% specificity) lower than that described in the manual.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Findings provide preliminary evidence of construct validity for these scales as embedded validity indicators of symptom overreporting and underreporting. However, these scales should not be used to guide clinical judgment regarding the validity of neurocognitive test performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":15382,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"111-123"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138295303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Use of perceptual memory as a performance validity indicator: initial validation with simulated mild traumatic brain injury. 使用感知记忆作为成绩有效性指标:模拟轻度脑外伤的初步验证。
IF 2.2 4区 心理学
Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-12 DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2024.2314991
Michael R Basso, Daniel Guzman, Jordan Hoffmeister, Ryan Mulligan, Douglas M Whiteside, Dennis Combs
{"title":"Use of perceptual memory as a performance validity indicator: initial validation with simulated mild traumatic brain injury.","authors":"Michael R Basso, Daniel Guzman, Jordan Hoffmeister, Ryan Mulligan, Douglas M Whiteside, Dennis Combs","doi":"10.1080/13803395.2024.2314991","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13803395.2024.2314991","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Many commonly employed performance validity tests (PVTs) are several decades old and vulnerable to compromise, leading to a need for novel instruments. Because implicit/non-declarative memory may be robust to brain damage, tasks that rely upon such memory may serve as an effective PVT. Using a simulation design, this experiment evaluated whether novel tasks that rely upon perceptual memory hold promise as PVTs.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Sixty healthy participants were provided instructions to simulate symptoms of mild traumatic brain injury (TBI), and they were compared to a group of 20 honest responding individuals. Simulator groups received varying levels of information concerning TBI symptoms, resulting in naïve, sophisticated, and test-coached groups. The Word Memory Test, Test of Memory Malingering, and California Verbal Learning Test-II Forced Choice Recognition Test were administered. To assess perceptual memory, selected images from the Gollin Incomplete Figures and Mooney Closure Test were presented as visual perception tasks. After brief delays, memory for the images was assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No group differences emerged on the perception trials of the Gollin and Mooney figures, but simulators remembered fewer images than the honest responders. Simulator groups differed on the standard PVTs, but they performed equivalently on the Gollin and Mooney figures, implying robustness to coaching. Relying upon a criterion of 90% specificity, the Gollin and Mooney figures achieved at least 90% sensitivity, comparing favorably to the standard PVTs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The Gollin and Mooney figures hold promise as novel PVTs. As perceptual memory tests, they may be relatively robust to brain damage, but future research involving clinical samples is necessary to substantiate this assertion.</p>","PeriodicalId":15382,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"55-66"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139722851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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