Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology最新文献

{"title":"Cognitive effects of dorsolateral versus medial prefrontal anodal transcranial direct current stimulation in healthy individuals.","authors":"Ibrahim Sari, Sacit Karamürsel, Asli Demirtas-Tatlidede","doi":"10.1080/13803395.2026.2654020","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13803395.2026.2654020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a noninvasive and safe brain stimulation technique with the potential to modulate cognitive functions in both healthy and clinical populations. However, previous studies in healthy individuals have reported mixed results, with outcomes ranging from cognitive enhancement to no observable effects. The present study aimed to investigate the cognitive effects of anodal frontal tDCS in healthy adults, with a particular focus on the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), a relatively underexplored target for neuromodulation.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Twenty healthy participants completed four randomized anodal tDCS sessions targeting the right and left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), mPFC, and a sham condition. During stimulation, participants completed a cognitive test battery assessing executive functions, processing speed, memory, and social cognition and included the Trail Making Test (TMT), Letter-Number Sequencing (LNS), Verbal Fluency (VF), Reading the Mind in the Eyes (RME), Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SD), Stroop Test (ST), and Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test (FCSRT).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Active stimulation improved performance in the TMT-A, TMT-B, and SD tests. Specifically, mPFC stimulation yielded superior performance in TMT-A (<i>p</i> = 0.001) and TMT-B (<i>p</i> = 0.015) compared with sham. Left DLPFC stimulation enhanced TMT-A (<i>p</i> = 0.006), while right DLPFC improved TMT-B (<i>p</i> = 0.004) and SD performance vs sham (<i>p</i> = 0.004).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings from this exploratory study suggest that anodal frontal tDCS, particularly targeting the mPFC and DLPFC, may enhance cognitive performance in healthy adults, especially within the domains of executive function and processing speed. Beyond the frequently targeted DLPFC, the mPFC may also represent a promising and underexplored region for future research on cognitive enhancement in healthy populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":15382,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"484-492"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147609066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Formulaic and novel language dissociate in Alzheimer's clinical syndrome: evidence for the Dual-Process Model.","authors":"Kaylynn Budrovic, John Gunstad, Phillip Hamrick","doi":"10.1080/13803395.2026.2674224","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13803395.2026.2674224","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Spontaneous speech is commonly disrupted in persons with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and/or Alzheimer's clinical syndrome (ACS). Importantly, different aspects of speech (e.g. formulaic versus more novel or flexible speech) place different demands on distinct cognitive systems. Formulaic language may rely on automatized procedural processes, while more novel or diverse speech requires more flexible lexical-semantic processes associated with the subsystems of declarative memory. Given that AD/ACS are associated with impaired declarative processes and relatively spared procedural processes, we predicted that individuals with ACS may show increased reliance on formulaic language along with reduced diversity in speech.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We analyzed the spontaneous speech of 81 individuals with ACS (aged 56-88) and 61 healthy controls (aged 47-80) who completed a picture description task using computational tools for the analysis of formulaic language (operationalized as proportion of frequent trigrams produced and mutual information score of trigrams) and novel language (operationalized as root type-token ratio, measure of textual lexical diversity, and semantic diversity).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Across all measures, individuals with ACS produced significantly more formulaic language than control participants and significantly less novel language than control participants, with small-to-medium overall model effect sizes. Machine learning classifiers trained on these patterns of formulaic and novel language distinguished between controls and individuals with ACS with reasonable accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The spontaneous speech of individuals with ACS contains more formulaic language and less novel language than that of healthy controls, consistent with the Dual-Process Model. These differences may have clinical relevance and warrant further investigation. Keywords: Alzheimer's Disease, Alzheimer's clinical syndrome, formulaic language, lexical diversity, spontaneous speech.</p>","PeriodicalId":15382,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"473-483"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147964021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anosognosia for aphasia: impact of statistical biases and aphasia severity.","authors":"Teresa Facchetti, Michael Dean, Nicoletta Beschin, Imogen Scott, Gianna Cocchini","doi":"10.1080/13803395.2026.2644923","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13803395.2026.2644923","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Anosognosia for aphasia is a condition in which patients may show reduced awareness of their language deficits. Statistical biases that may arise when people with very mild or very severe aphasia are included in group studies have raised concerns about the validity of self-report measures. Given these concerns, the interplay of cognitive biases such as the Dunning-Kruger effect (DKE) should be considered when evaluating awareness of language deficits.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A sample of 66 individuals with a unilateral left-hemisphere brain lesion completed a standardized aphasia assessment (the Aachen Aphasia Test; AAT) and an awareness measure (the Visual Analogue Test Assessing Anosognosia for Language Impairment; VATA-L) to evaluate the frequency and extent of anosognosia and overestimation of language difficulties, and to evaluate the possible impact of statistical biases.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed a significant percentage (37.9%) of patients with pathological or borderline distorted awareness, with a tendency to underestimate (25.8%) rather than overestimate (6.1%) language deficits. No association was found between aphasia severity and awareness levels in our sample, even when individuals with very mild or very severe aphasia were accounted for.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Findings suggest that unawareness for language difficulties cannot be solely attributed to statistical biases, and that aphasic individuals with a unilateral left-hemisphere brain lesion may not be fully aware of their language difficulties.</p>","PeriodicalId":15382,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"451-459"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147480833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distribution of nouns, verbs, and adjectives in phonemic fluency tasks.","authors":"Alexandra Economou","doi":"10.1080/13803395.2026.2650424","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13803395.2026.2650424","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Verbal fluency tests have seen exponential growth in research and clinical practice in recent years, yet little is known about the distribution of grammatical categories spontaneously produced in phonemic fluency tasks. This study examined the distribution of nouns, verbs, and adjectives in phonemic fluency performance in a large Greek sample from the general population and explored their associations with age and education. Greek is particularly suited to this investigation because it has distinct word forms for nouns, verbs, and adjectives.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The phonemic fluency productions of 427 persons aged 16 to 87 years without known pathology, representing a wide range of educational backgrounds, were classified as nouns, verbs, adjectives, or other. Verb-noun and adjective-noun ratios were computed and compared to ratios derived from corpus data. Nonparametric analyses examined differences in the two ratios across age and education groups. Two-step cluster analyses were conducted to identify potential subgroups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Across the entire sample, the verb-noun ratio (mean = 0.13) and adjective-noun ratio (mean = 0.12) were substantially lower than the ratios derived from corpus data (0.46 and 0.35 respectively, <i>p</i>s ≤ .001). Age, education, and total number of words produced were significantly associated with both ratios but with small to medium effect sizes and large variability. Cluster analyses identified three subgroups for the verb-noun ratio but yielded two highly unequal subgroups for the adjective-noun ratio.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The two ratios derived from fluency tasks are not directly comparable to those derived from corpora. The small-to-medium effect sizes of the variables studied and the subgroup patterns observed for the verb-noun ratio suggest that additional, as yet unexplored, factors contribute to grammatical category production in phonemic fluency. This study provides novel quantitative data regarding content word distributions in phonemic fluency and their demographic correlates. Future research should examine the potential clinical relevance of these ratios.</p>","PeriodicalId":15382,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"460-472"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147574190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of embedded PCL-5 symptom validity indices in active-duty military population.","authors":"Alexis N Troili-Fletes, Cammy L Chicota-Carroll, James K Aden, Patrick J Armistead-Jehle","doi":"10.1080/13803395.2026.2627996","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13803395.2026.2627996","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>PTSD is among the most commonly diagnosed mental health conditions in the military and veteran populations. Shura et al. (2023) and Schroeder and Bieu (2024) developed three symptom validity indices for the PTSD Checklist for the DSM-5 (PCL-5) examining overreported PTSD symptomatology in veteran populations. The current study aimed to cross-validate these SVTs in an active-duty United States military sample.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The sample consisted of multiple criterion groups comprised active-duty service members (<i>N</i> = 165). Criterion for valid or invalid responses were based on Personality Assessment Inventory symptom validity scales. The three PCL-5 symptom validity indices included PCL-5 Symptom Severity (PSS), PCL-5 Extreme Symptom (PES), and PCL-5 Rare Items (PRI).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Areas under the curve ranged from .73 to .76 for valid full sample group versus invalid group, which met classification accuracy goals. Optimal cutoff scores were identified for each scale (PES ≥ 16, PSS ≥ 59, PRI ≥ 3) with corresponding sensitivities of PSS = 0.50, PES = 0.40, and PRI = 0.20 with specificity ≥0.90.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings provide support for the cross-validation of all three embedded symptom validity indices at the identified cutoff scores as PCL-5 over-report measures within an active-duty sample. The PSS and PES demonstrated superior classification statistics, as the PRI was hampered by lower sensitivity.</p>","PeriodicalId":15382,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"419-426"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146125225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Chinese version of the Short Cognitive Performance Test (SKT) - psychometric criteria and cross-validation.","authors":"Melina Arnold, Liang Cui, Mark Stemmler, Qi-Hao Guo","doi":"10.1080/13803395.2025.2599256","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13803395.2025.2599256","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The new Chinese version of the SKT (Syndrom-Kurz-Test) Short Cognitive Performance Test aims to detect early cognitive impairment and is a promising addition to neuropsychological test batteries in China and suitable for Chinese speaking patients. This study has three aims: 1. to assess whether the SKT's diagnostic accuracy is comparable to established cognitive impairment tests (e.g. Addenbrooke´s cognitive examination-III (ACE-III) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Basic (MoCA-B)); 2. to examine whether the three tests show intra-individual differences according to different types of mild cognitive impairment (single-domain amnestic MCI, semantic MCI and multiple-domain amnestic MCI); 3. to determine whether these tests distinguish between individuals with no cognitive impairment and those with subjective cognitive decline (SCD). The validation sample included 1038 older adults (mean age = 70.04, SD = 6.05) from the Chinese Preclinical Alzheimer's Disease Study (C-PAS). Participants underwent cognitive testing and received consensus diagnoses of normal cognition, MCI, or dementia. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated for each test. ANOVAs examined differences between MCI subtypes, and t-tests assessed group differences between normal cognition and SCD. Results: The SKT showed the highest discrimination between normal cognition and cognitive impairment (MCI or dementia), with a sensitivity of 85.4% and specificity of 69.8%. All three tests demonstrated significant score differences across MCI subtypes. Additionally, all tests significantly distinguished individuals with SCD from those without cognitive impairment (<i>p</i> < 0.01). Conclusions: The new Chinese produced weaker results than the established tests. However, given its strengths, it could be a useful tool for identifying cognitive impairment in certain situations.</p>","PeriodicalId":15382,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"439-450"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145708180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A health literacy screening option for clinical neuropsychologists: the Newest Vital Sign is associated with age, cognition, and applied health behaviors.","authors":"Elliott M Gomez, Troy A Webber, Victoria M Kordovski, Savanna M Tierney, Samina Rahman, Steven Paul Woods","doi":"10.1080/13803395.2026.2661615","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13803395.2026.2661615","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Low health literacy is common and can affect brain health behaviors, yet clinical neuropsychologists do not commonly assess this important construct. The Newest Vital Sign (NVS) is a performance-based health literacy screening instrument that might be of value to clinical neuropsychologists. The current study examined the possible effects of age on the NVS and its association with cognition and applied health literacy.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Participants included 50 younger (18-32 years) and 41 middle-aged/older (51-82 years) healthy adults. All participants completed the NVS, a neuropsychological battery, and measures of applied health literacy, including web-based health search tasks and the Modified UCSD Brief Assessment for Capacity to Consent. Hypotheses were tested with multiple regression analyses covarying for oral word reading.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results showed that the middle-aged/older adults obtained mildly lower scores on the NVS as compared to younger adults. Lower NVS scores were moderately associated with cognition, particularly in the domain of executive functions (e.g. abstraction, flexibility, and generativity). Higher scores on the NVS were also moderately associated with better performance on measures of web-based health information searching and treatment appraisal.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The NVS is associated with older age, executive functions, and applied health literacy. Clinical neuropsychologists might consider integrating the NVS into their batteries given its brevity and relevance to health factors that affect many people with central nervous system conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":15382,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"427-438"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147698973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance validity test failure rates among neuropsychological outpatients clinically referred for persistent Long COVID cognitive symptoms following mild SARS-CoV-2 disease severity.","authors":"Thomas A Sedgwick, Devin M Ulrich, Karen S Basurto, John-Christopher A Finley, Brooke M Boulais, Rachael L Ellison, Gavin A Warner, Nicole M Durkin, Brian M Cerny, Matthew S Phillips, Kyle J Jennette, Neil H Pliskin, Jason R Soble","doi":"10.1080/13803395.2026.2688956","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13803395.2026.2688956","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Persisting cognitive symptoms following SARS-CoV-2 infection (Long COVID) has become an increasingly common referral for neuropsychological evaluation. This study examined performance validity test (PVT) failure rates among adults referred for evaluation due to Long COVID cognitive complaints after mild SARS-CoV-2 disease severity.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Data from 57 demographically diverse outpatients (72% female; M_age = 44.23; M_education = 15.39 years) consecutively referred for a focused neuropsychological evaluation due to Long COVID cognitive symptoms were analyzed. The neuropsychological test battery included one freestanding (Test of Memory Malingering-Trial 1) and four embedded PVTs (Reliable Digit Span; California Verbal Learning Test-Brief Form Forced Choice; Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised Recognition Discriminability; Stroop Color and Word Test-Word Reading T-Score), as well as a 11 neuropsychological test scores assessing the major domains of cognition, which were used to compute an overall neuropsychological test battery mean composite score.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Individual PVT failure rates ranged from 4% to 18%. Overall, 67% passed all PVTs, 24% failed one PVT, and 9% failed ≥ 2 PVTs. Patients failing two or more PVTs had an overall neuropsychological test battery mean performance that was significantly lower than the group failing one or zero PVTs and 1.0 standard deviations below the population mean. Patients with zero PVT failures also outperformed those with one PVT failure by 0.5 standard deviations. Nonsignificant differences in COVID disease characteristics emerged between groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The majority of patients (67%) passed all PVTs, with 24% of patients failing one PVT and 9% failing ≥ 2 PVTs. Future research is warranted to understand implications of a single freestanding PVT failure in this population, and to establish base rates of invalidity in Long COVID and among those with more severe initial COVID infection necessitating hospitalization and/or medical intervention. Such practices ensure accurate diagnosis, guide treatment, and improve the reliability of research on the cognitive sequelae of COVID-19.</p>","PeriodicalId":15382,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148251815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transdiagnostic psychopathology dimensions and cognitive functioning after traumatic brain injury: an application of the HiTOP-TBI model.","authors":"Alexia Samiotis, Jai Carmichael, Jao-Yue Carminati, Amelia J Hicks, Jennie Ponsford, Gershon Spitz","doi":"10.1080/13803395.2026.2674222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13803395.2026.2674222","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Psychopathology and cognitive impairment are common consequences of moderate-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI), but their interrelationships remain poorly understood. Clarifying these relationships is important for understanding cognition's role in post-TBI psychopathology and for informing targeted, holistic assessment and treatment strategies. Traditional categorical approaches to psychiatric diagnosis have produced inconsistent results. The recently developed Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology Following TBI (HiTOP-TBI) model, a transdiagnostic-dimensional framework, was applied to examine associations between psychopathology and cognitive functioning.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ninety-nine adults with moderate-severe TBI participated (<i>M</i>_age = 50.86 years; 72% male; <i>M</i>_{time post-injury}  = 14.6 years,<i>SD</i> = 8.2; <i>M</i>_GCS = 8.03; <i>M</i>_PTA = 24.3 days). Psychopathology was assessed using self-report questionnaires completed predominantly online (96%). Cognitive performance was assessed via telephone-administered tasks. Linear regressions examined associations between ten hierarchically organizedHiTOP-TBI dimensions (one general factor, two broad internalizing and externalizing spectra, seven lower-order factors) and cognitive measures, with false discovery rate correction applied.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After correction, higher scores (indicating greater psychopathology) on the HiTOP-TBI dimensions of <i>Externalizing Problems</i>, <i>Rigid Constraint</i>, and <i>Self-Harm and Psychoticism</i> were associated with poorer performance on verbal encoding and the episodic memory domain (encompassing both immediate and delayed recall). In comparison, <i>General Problems</i>, <i>Internalizing Problems, Somatic Symptoms, Detachment, Compensatory and Phobic Reactions, Dysregulated Negative Emotionality</i>, and <i>Harmful Substance Use,</i> were notsignificantly associated with cognitive functioning, after correction.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Applying the transdiagnostic, dimensional HiTOP-TBI framework, we identified several associations between psychopathology and cognitive functioning after moderate-severe TBI. Verbal encoding and memory were most consistently implicated, particularly within externalizing domains. Findings highlight the importance of holistic neuropsychological formulation and integrative interventions aimed at improving both emotional and cognitive outcomes in TBI and demonstrate the value of transdiagnostic approaches in neuropsychology research and practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":15382,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147981976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Attention and executive functioning in pediatric congenital heart disease: a construct-based approach.","authors":"Danielle M Glad, Lauren E Miller, Sara M Markuson, Michelle M Loman","doi":"10.1080/13803395.2026.2661617","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13803395.2026.2661617","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study characterizes the attention and executive functioning (EF) profile of school-age children with congenital heart disease (CHD) using a construct-based approach. It was hypothesized that difficulties in specific attention/EF constructs would be evident, and degree of difficulty would vary by CHD complexity and neurodevelopmental diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Demographic, medical, and neuropsychological data were retrospectively examined from 154 children with CHD aged 6-16 years seen for neuropsychological evaluation between October 2013 and October 2024. Exploratory factor analysis yielded six attention/EF constructs. Constructs were compared to normative means. Frequency of impairment was calculated. CHD complexity and DSM-5 diagnosis on constructs were analyzed with multivariate analysis of variance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All attention/EF construct scores were significantly lower than normative means. Frequency of impairment varied across constructs; one-third of participants had exceptionally low and below average performances within processing speed, attention, and impulse control constructs. Clinical or subclinical functional inattention and hyperactivity was reported in half of participants, with clinical symptoms reported in one-fourth. Children with simple CHD had worse impulse control and functional inattention and hyperactivity compared to those with complex CHD. Those with only a neurodevelopmental diagnosis performed lower than those with no DSM-5 diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Children with CHD had attention/EF deficits across multiple constructs (i.e. skill areas), although frequency and severity of impairment varied by construct. This suggests children with CHD have a neurobehavioral profile that may not fully align with traditional diagnostic categories, which has implications both for diagnosis and intervention. Greater difficulties observed in children with simple CHD emphasize the importance of neurodevelopmental monitoring of all CHD types. Neurodevelopmental diagnosis was associated with lower processing speed, but this skill is not a core diagnostic feature of a neurodevelopmental disorder. Thus, consideration of dimensional diagnostic approaches within a clinical patient population such as CHD is warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":15382,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147815729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}