Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology最新文献

{"title":"The relationship between performance validity testing, external incentives, and cognitive functioning in long COVID.","authors":"Douglas M Whiteside, Michael R Basso, Chen Shen, Laura Fry, Savana Naini, Eric J Waldron, Erin Holker, Jim Porter, Courtney Eskridge, Allison Logemann, Greta N Minor","doi":"10.1080/13803395.2024.2312625","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13803395.2024.2312625","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Performance validity test (PVT) failures occur in clinical practice and at higher rates with external incentives. However, little PVT research has been applied to the Long COVID population. This study aims to address this gap.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants were 247 consecutive individuals with Long COVID seen for neuropsychological evaluation who completed 4 PVTs and a standardized neuropsychological battery. The sample was 84.2% White and 66% female. The mean age was 51.16 years and mean education was 14.75 years. Medical records were searched for external incentive (e.g., disability claims). Three groups were created based on PVT failures (Pass [no failures], Intermediate [1 failure], and Fail [2+ failures]).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 8.9% participants failed 2+ PVTs, 6.4% failed one PVT, and 85% passed PVTs. From the full sample, 25.1% were identified with external incentive. However, there was a significant difference between the rates of external incentives in the Fail group (54.5%) compared to the Pass (22.1%) and Intermediate (20%) groups. Further, the Fail group had lower cognitive scores and higher frequency of impaired range scores, consistent with PVT research in other populations. External incentives were uncorrelated with cognitive performance.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Consistent with other populations, results suggest Long COVID cases are not immune to PVT failure and external incentives are associated with PVT failure. Results indicated that individuals in the Pass and Intermediate groups showed no evidence for significant cognitive deficits, but the Fail group had significantly poorer cognitive performance. Thus, PVTs should be routinely administered in Long COVID cases and research.</p>","PeriodicalId":15382,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139650877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introduction to the special issue on performance validity: what are we doing? What should we do?","authors":"Michael R Basso, Douglas M Whiteside, Dennis Combs","doi":"10.1080/13803395.2024.2347119","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13803395.2024.2347119","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15382,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140853137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of the Virtual Kitchen Protocol for Prospective Memory: a virtual reality-based measure of everyday prospective memory abilities","authors":"Michael D. Barnett, Allyson M. Coldiron","doi":"10.1080/13803395.2023.2287779","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13803395.2023.2287779","url":null,"abstract":"Prospective memory is the ability to remember to accomplish a task at a specified point in the future. While this cognitive ability has a large impact on daily functioning, it is rarely assessed du...","PeriodicalId":15382,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138572991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The neuropsychology of functional neurological disorders.","authors":"Ryan Van Patten, John A Bellone","doi":"10.1080/13803395.2024.2322798","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13803395.2024.2322798","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15382,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140028191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The relationship of action, affect, and metacognition in functional seizures.","authors":"Johannes Jungilligens, Marie-Christin Flohr, Miriam Lange, Jörg Wellmer, Stoyan Popkirov","doi":"10.1080/13803395.2023.2287778","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13803395.2023.2287778","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Metacognition provides a lens through which individuals experience, interpret, and respond to their affective states and behavior; it might thus influence complex neuropsychiatric conditions such as functional seizures - events characterized by states of heightened affective arousal and the disinhibition of prepotent behavior. In this pilot study, we aimed to establish a better understanding of the role of metacognition in functional seizures and its relationship to affective arousal and behavioral disinhibition (i.e., problems in suppressing prepared behavior). We hypothesized that affective arousal is related to higher behavioral disinhibition as well as slower reaction times, that affect and action (performing vs. not performing a movement) are related to memory and metacognition, and that metacognition is related to illness characteristics.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used a combination of an emotional go/no-go and a metacognitive recognition task with affectively valenced and neutral images in 18 patients with functional seizures. We compared markers of behavioral inhibition as well as indices for memory and metacognitive performance between affective (vs. neutral) and action/go (vs. inhibition/no-go) conditions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Contrary to our hypothesis, behavioral disinhibition was not different between conditions. However, we found slower reaction times for affectively valenced stimuli. Memory performance and metacognition were better for affectively valenced pictures and for pictures used in go trials (i.e., associated with action/performing the movement). Illness factors (illness duration, seizure frequency, levels of self-reported anxiety) were correlated with aspects of metacognition.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This pilot study offers first insights into alterations in metacognition related to action and affect in patients with functional seizures; specifically, that affectively valenced stimuli and active engagement are related to enhanced memory and metacognition. This relationship was also found with respect to illness factors. These results provide insight into potentially underlying pathomechanisms, although the lack of a control group limits evaluating the specificity of these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":15382,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138440751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Case study of invalid to valid shift in cognitive performance following successful treatment of psychogenic nonepileptic seizure events.","authors":"Daniel L Drane, Kelsey C Hewitt, Michele E Price, Beth K Rush, Karen Blackmon, Noah Okada, Taylor Shade, Edward Valentin, Joseph Vinson, Phyllis Rosen, David W Loring","doi":"10.1080/13803395.2024.2335600","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13803395.2024.2335600","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Patients with psychogenic nonepileptic seizure (PNES) who fail performance validity testing (PVT) may appear to produce non-valid cognitive profiles. Consequently, they may not get referred to treatment and events persist, with worsening disability and high resource utilization. As a result, we report pre- and post-treatment neuropsychological evaluation findings in a 59-year-old woman with a confirmed diagnosis of PNES established using video-EEG monitoring. At pre-treatment baseline neuropsychological evaluation, PNES events occurred weekly to daily. Performance was impaired across PVTs and across multiple cognitive domains. After behavioral intervention specific to PNES, these events substantially reduced in frequency to rare stress-induced flares. Post-treatment neuropsychological evaluation revealed marked improvement of most cognitive and behavioral scores from baseline, and valid PVT scores. We review predisposing, precipitating, and perpetuating factors for PNES and cognitive impairment in this case and discuss the patient's outcome from treatment. Effectively managing PNES events and dissociative tendencies while reducing unnecessary pharmacological interventions appears to have allowed this patient to function closer to her optimal state. This case illustrates the complexity of Functional Neurologic Disorder (FND) clinical presentation and challenges the assumption that suboptimal neuropsychological performance predicts poor treatment engagement and outcome. We showcase the reversibility of PNES and cognitive manifestations of FND using targeted psychotherapeutic interventions, which resulted in reduced disability and associated healthcare costs, as well as re-engagement in life.</p>","PeriodicalId":15382,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140293586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors perpetuating functional cognitive symptoms after mild traumatic brain injury.","authors":"Edwina L Picon, Victoria Wardell, Daniela J Palombo, Rebecca M Todd, Bilal Aziz, Sanjana Bedi, Noah D Silverberg","doi":"10.1080/13803395.2023.2247601","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13803395.2023.2247601","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Self-reported memory difficulties (forgetting familiar names, misplacing objects) often persist long after a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), despite normal neuropsychological test performance. This clinical presentation may be a manifestation of a functional cognitive disorder (FCD). Several mechanisms underlying FCD have been proposed, including metacognitive impairment, memory perfectionism, and misdirected attention, as well as depression or anxiety-related explanations. This study aims to explore these candidate perpetuating factors in mTBI, to advance our understanding of why memory symptoms frequently persist following mTBI.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study of 67 adults (n = 39 with mTBI mean = 25 months ago and n = 28 healthy controls). Participants completed standardized questionnaires (including the Functional Memory Disorder Inventory), a metacognitive task (to quantify discrepancies between their trial-by-trial accuracy and confidence), and a brief neuropsychological test battery. We assessed candidate mechanisms in two ways: (1) between-groups, comparing participants with mTBI to healthy controls, and (2) within-group, examining their associations with functional memory symptom severity (FMDI) in the mTBI group.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants with mTBI performed similarly to controls on objective measures of memory ability but reported experiencing much more frequent memory lapses in daily life. Contrary to expectations, metacognitive efficiency did not differentiate the mTBI and control groups and was not associated with functional memory symptoms. Memory perfectionism was strongly associated with greater functional memory symptoms among participants with mTBI but did not differ between groups when accounting for age. Depression and checking behaviors produced consistent results across between-groups and within-group analyses: these factors were greater in the mTBI group compared to the control group and were associated with greater functional memory symptoms within the mTBI group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study highlights promising (e.g., depression, checking behaviors) and unlikely (e.g., metacognitive impairment) mechanisms underlying functional memory symptoms after mTBI, to guide future research and treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":15382,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10032485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Objective and subjective neurocognitive functioning in functional motor symptoms and functional seizures: preliminary findings.","authors":"Susannah Pick, L S Merritt Millman, Yiqing Sun, Eleanor Short, Biba Stanton, Joel S Winston, Mitul A Mehta, Timothy R Nicholson, Antje A T S Reinders, Anthony S David, Mark J Edwards, Laura H Goldstein, Matthew Hotopf, Trudie Chalder","doi":"10.1080/13803395.2023.2245110","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13803395.2023.2245110","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study aimed to provide a preliminary assessment of objective and subjective neurocognitive functioning in individuals with functional motor symptoms (FMS) and/or functional seizures (FS). We tested the hypotheses that the FMS/FS group would display poorer objective attentional and executive functioning, altered social cognition, and reduced metacognitive accuracy.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Individuals with FMS/FS (n = 16) and healthy controls (HCs, n = 17) completed an abbreviated CANTAB battery, and measures of intellectual functioning, subjective cognitive complaints, performance validity, and comorbid symptoms. Subjective performance ratings were obtained to assess local metacognitive accuracy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The groups were comparable in age (p = 0.45), sex (p = 0.62), IQ (p = 0.57), and performance validity (p-values = 0.10-0.91). We observed no impairment on any CANTAB test in this FMS/FS sample compared to HCs, although the FMS/FS group displayed shorter reaction times on the Emotional Bias task (anger) (p = 0.01, np2 = 0.20). The groups did not differ in subjective performance ratings (p-values 0.15). Whilst CANTAB attentional set-shifting performance (total trials/errors) correlated with subjective performance ratings in HCs (p-values<0.005, r_s = -0.85), these correlations were non-significant in the FMS/FS sample (p-values = 0.10-0.13, r_s-values = -0.46-0.50). The FMS/FS group reported more daily cognitive complaints than HCs (p = 0.006, g = 0.92), which were associated with subjective performance ratings on CANTAB sustained attention (p = 0.001, r_s = -0.74) and working memory tests (p < 0.001, r_s = -0.75), and with depression (p = 0.003, r_s = 0.70), and somatoform (p = 0.003, r_s = 0.70) and psychological dissociation (p-values<0.005, r_s-values = 0.67-0.85).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results suggest a discordance between objective and subjective neurocognitive functioning in this FMS/FS sample, reflecting intact test performance alongside poorer subjective cognitive functioning. Further investigation of neurocognitive functioning in FND subgroups is necessary.</p>","PeriodicalId":15382,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11057846/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41147246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Action control and selection in social disinhibition following severe TBI: a pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer and outcome devaluation study.","authors":"Michaela Filipčíková, Bernard Balleine, Fiona Kumfor, Skye McDonald","doi":"10.1080/13803395.2024.2313257","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13803395.2024.2313257","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Social disinhibition is a significant sequela of severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Some research suggests that it could reflect a deficiency in goal-directed behavior. The current study aimed to test whether these inappropriate behaviors tend to be deficient in goal-directed control, that is, triggered more by environmental stimuli than by the known consequences of their actions.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We used a between-group design with 25 adult participants with severe TBI, and 27 control participants. Social disinhibition was measured using Frontal Systems Behavior Scale and Social Disinhibition Interview. Changes in reward-related goal-directed behavior were evaluated using a computer-based task in which we assessed the influence of cues predicting reward and of reward devaluation on choice performance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found no difference in the levels of social disinhibition between the TBI and control groups and, using mixed two-way ANCOVAs, no overall effect of the stimuli or outcome devaluation. However, after combing these groups and splitting them based on their disinhibition levels, a significant interaction between group (High vs Low disinhibition) and reward type (Valued vs Devalued) in sensitivity to outcome devaluation test (F = 5.99, <i>p</i> = .01, ηp2 = .13) appeared. Comparing with the baseline rate of responding, the Low disinhibition group decreased their responding to devalued and increased their responding to still-valued outcomes. In contrast, the High disinhibition group showed the opposite pattern of choice performance.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>It appears that people with clinical levels of social disinhibition are both prone to outcome-response priming effects and insensitive to changes in the value of the consequences of their actions, that is, despite evidence they were aware of the reduction in the value of their actions's outcomes, people with high-level disinhibition kept performing those actions. This pattern has the hallmarks of a habit suggesting their disinhibition reflects a loss of executive control.</p>","PeriodicalId":15382,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139691964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Group environment modulates how third parties assess unfairly shared losses and unfairly shared gains: neural signatures from ERPs and EEG oscillations.","authors":"Lihong Ao, Yuan Gao, Lei Yang, XinYu Du, He Wang, Yingjie Liu","doi":"10.1080/13803395.2024.2313258","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13803395.2024.2313258","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Through its long-term evolution and development, human society has gradually formed stable and effective norms to maintain normal social production and social activities. Altruistic punishment is indispensable in maintaining social norms. Altruistic punishment includes second-party and third-party punishment, and third-party punishment refers to punishing violators by unbiased bystanders who have not suffered damage to their interests. Cooperation is an important form of human social interaction. Third parties play an essential role in maintaining social cooperation. Third parties' behaviors in maintaining cooperative norms may be related to their social environment.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We used the prisoner's dilemma (PD) game and distinguished between the gain and loss contexts of the economy to explore how the group environment modulates the cognitive neural mechanisms and psychological processing of the third-party punishment decision. Twenty-six college students (M_age = 19.88 ± 1.58) participated in the experiment; data from four participants were excluded from analyses of the EEG data due to large artifacts.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The behavioral results show that the degree of punishment from the third party in a loss context was greater than in a gain context. ERP analysis results show that the third party applied a lower P300 in the loss context. The loss context induced a greater N100 than the gain context in the individual environment. At the same time, alpha-band power activated by the individual environment was greater than that activated by the group environment under the gain context.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results suggest that a third party maintaining the norms of social cooperation in different contexts will adjust punishment decisions according to the environment, and this process is mainly dominated by the negative emotions caused by environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":15382,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139717616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}